Tema: 1.

6_Voltaje, Corriente y Potencia Elctrica en un Circuito Trifsico

Balanceado.

Integrantes:
Marco Antonio Salto Molina.

13570299

Armando Daniel Becerril Valdovinos.

13570332

BALANCED THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS

The generation, transmission and distribition of eletric power is accomplished
by means of theree-phase cirtuits. at the generating station, three sinusoidal
voltages are gererated having the same amplitude but displaced in phase by
120. this is called a balanced source. if the renerated voltages reach their peak
values in the sequential order ABC, the generator is said to have a positive
phase sequence, shown in Figure 2.11 (a). if the phase order is ABC, the
generator is said to have a negative phase sequence, as shown in Figure
2.11(B)

La generacin, transmisin y distribucin de energa elctrica se lleva a cabo

por medio de circuito trifsicos en la estacin generadora, tres tensiones
sinusoidales se generan, que tienen la misma amplitud, pero desfasadas en
fase en 120. esto se llama una fuente equilibrada. si los voltajes Generados
alcanzan sus valores mximos en el orden secuencial ACB, se dice que el
generador tiene una secuencia de fase positiva, que se muestra en la Figura
2.11 (a). si el orden de las fases es ABC, se dice que el generador tiene una
secuencia de fase inversa, como se muestra en la figura 2.11(B)

 In a three-phase system, the instantaneous power delivered to the

external loads is constant rather than pulsaung as it is In a single-phase
circuit, Also. three-phase motors, having constant torque, start and run
much better than single-phase motors. This feature of three-phase
power, coupled with the inherent efficiency of its transmission compared
to single-phase (less wire for the same delivered power), accounts for its
universal use.
En un sistema de trifsico, la potencia instantnea entregada a las
cargas externas es constante en lugar de pulsante como lo es en un
circuito monofsico, Adems. Los motores trifsicos, con par constante,
iniciar y ejecutar mucho mejor que los motores de una sola fase. Esta
caracterstica de potencia trifsica, junto con la eficiencia inherente de
su transmisin en comparacin con el de una sola fase (menos alambre
para la misma potencia de salida), cuenta con uso universal.

A power system has Y-connected generators and usually includes both

- and Y-connected loads Generators are rarely -connected, because if
the voltages are not perfectly balanced, there will be a net voltage, and
consequently a circulat-ing current, around the . Also, the phase
voltages are tower in the Y-connected generator, and thus less insulation
is required.

Un sistema de energa de generadores Y-conectado y por lo general

incluye tanto - y cargas conectadas -generadores son raramente Una
conectado, ya que si los voltajes no son perfectamente equilibrado,
habr una tensin de red, y en consecuencia una circulante ing actual,
alrededor del . Adems, las tensiones de fase que estn en la torre y
conectado en estrella se requiere generador, y por lo tanto menos
aislamiento.

 In power systems, great care is taken to ensure that the loads of

transmission lines are balanced. For balanced loads, the terminal
voltages of the generator V An , V Bn and V Cn and the phase
voltages

V an ,

V bn

and

V cn

at the load terminals are balanced For

"phase A," these are given by.

En los sistemas de energa, se tiene mucho cuidado para asegurar que

las cargas de las lneas de transmisin estn equilibrados. Para cargas
equilibradas, las tensiones en los terminales del generador de V An ,
V Bn

V Cn

y las tensiones de fase

V an ,

V bn

V cn

en los

terminales de carga estn equilibradas Por "fase A", estos se dan por:

BALANCED THREE-PHASE POWER

consider a balanced three-phase source supplying a balanced Y-connected
load with the following instantaneous voltages.

for a balanced load the phase currents are

where

V P

and

I P

are the magnitudes of the rms phase voltage

and current, respectively. the total instantaneous power is the sum of the
instantaneous power of each phase, given by

substituting for the instantaneous voltage and currents from (2.40) and (2.41)
into (2.42)

using the trigonometric identity

the three double frequency cosine terms in (2.43) are out of phase with each
other by 120 and add up to zero, and the three-phase instantaneous power is

note that although the power in each phase is pulsating, the total instantaneous
power is constant and equal to three times the real power in each phase.
indeed, this constant power is the main advantage of the three-phase system
over the single-phase system. since the power in each phase is pulsating, the
power, then, is made up of the real power and the reactive power. in order to
obtain formula symmetry between real and reactive powers, the concept of
complex or apparent power (S) is extended to three-phase systems by defining
the three-phase reactive power as

thus, the complex three-phase power is

equation (2.44) and (2.45) are sometimes expressed in terms of the rms
magnitude of the line voltage and the rms magnitude of the line current. in a Y|V L|
connected load the phase voltage |V P|= 3
and the phase current

|I P|=|I L|
in the delta-connection

|V P|=|V L|

|I L|
|I P|= 3

. substituting for the phase

voltage and phase currents in (2.44 ) and (2.45) the real and reactive powers
for either connection are given by