INTERNSHIP REPORT OF MSc.

Mass
Communication

Name: Fakhar
Naveed
Reg#: 05-pga4269
Roll#:
AL538518

Allama Iqbal Open University,

Islamabad
Department of Mass Communication

DEDICATITED TO
MY GREAT PARENTS,
LOVING TEACHERS AND
SINCARE FRIENDS WHO
HELPED ME TO REACH
THIS LEVEL

PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Internship report is essential part of MSc. Mass Communication
degree program. Internship provides complete practical knowledge
of the areas we passed through our course work. It makes us
aware of the practical and technical requirement in the field.
I am grateful to Almighty ALLAH, whose blessings have always
been sources of encouragement for me and who gave me the
ability to complete this task. I wish our heartiest thanks to my
parents who encouraged me at every stage of life and
remembered me in their prayers. I can never turn down their
efforts they put forward for my bright and prosperous future. May
ALLAH almighty rendered them with affection and forgiveness in
this life and afterward.
I am also thankful to FM106 Management for giving internship in
their channel. This not only helped me in my gaining practical
experience but also explored my course work skills in such an
esteemed environment.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
FM 106 channel is a Radio channel and all its operations are based
on providing the audience with information, news, entertainment
and educating them. In this internship report I have describe about
the working of the FM 106 channel in detail. This report highlights
how a FM Channel channel works, how it is managed and controlled.
The daily operations of the channel have been described as well,
which ranges from collection of news to disseminating of news or
the final broadcast.
In simple a full summary of the whole process that how the news is
made from where it comes from and how it is collected and who
collects it ,to whom it is forwarded ,where it reaches ,how it is
treated ,what are the essential components of news ,through what
process it passes in to its final shape and up to the final broadcast
has been included in this report.
It is two months therefore I have to spend a week or two so that I
may grab all the process that takes place in the organization with
open mind.
In the report I have described about the different offices that look
after the daily work and operations of the news channel.
The way in which the channel works is also explained in the report,
who supervises the newsroom how the news is treated in news
room, and how it is transmitted to the general or desired public.
I got training in the FM 106 in different departments or section which
helped me in catching the overall process of the practical life work
experience.

The report focus on areas where I did my internship, the different

branches and different areas of work assigned to me has been the
main focus of the report. These different departments range from
news room to transmission. With marketing, finance and HR working
side by side to them.
The working environment and the behavior of the personnel in the
organized have also been described in detail.
I came across some findings that are part of the internship report
have stated my recommendations for improvements and some
changes that may be helpful for the organization in having good
communication in the organization.
Each and every thing that I have learnt and admired is in the report
hope that this report will clarify a normal person about what actually
a news channel constitutes and how it operates in the market.
I have put forward some recommendations for improvement for FM
106

communication

between

organization

members

and

its

sections.

INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE

PHPTOCOPY OF EVALUATION CERTIFICATE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

11

1. INTRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR

The media sector is a huge sector with diverse applications and
workings. The media sector is composed of various operations
ranging from collection, composing, marketing, and gathering,
dissemination, financing, broadcasting, publishing of information, for
the betterment and educating, informing the public at large.
The media sector consists of various mediums through which all
these operations are carried out on instant basis. The broadcast
media, the print media, radio, online and in short traditional and
nontraditional media. Media sector serves the greater interest of
public at large. The media sector is governing by large organization
and groups with professional expertise and skills. These skills and
professionalism is then transferred in to such high level of success
that in terns establishes the public opinion.
The media sector can be defined as comprising the creation,
modification, transfer and distribution of media content for the
purpose of mass consumption, where:
Media

content

comprises

art,

reports

of

facts,

and

expressions of ideas or opinions in a form that allows these to

be consumed independently (in time or in place) from their
creation.

12

 Mass consumption requires that the creation, modification,

transfer or distribution is undertaken without knowledge of the
specific identity of the people to whom the content is to be
made available.
The meaning of each of these definitions is best understood by
identifying what they exclude.
The media sector involves a process through which, first, the fruits
of human creativity are converted to media content and, second,
this media content is distributed to, and consumed by, an audience
unconnected to its original creation. The essence of the media
sector is the separation between creation and distribution, reflecting
the

use

of

the

term

"medium"

to

describe

means

of

communication.
Thus, a broadcast (whether live or not) or a recording of the
performance or speech, which can be consumed independently of
the speech or performance itself, would be media content. The
speech script or musical score used by the performer is potentially
media content, as it is capable of mass consumption; but its
creation or distribution only forms part of the media sector where
this is undertaken for the purpose of mass consumption. Speech
writing exclusively for the speaker's use, with no prospect of any
other distribution, is not a media activity. The media sector
concerns mass consumption
The requirement that media be for mass consumption excludes
various social and commercial exchanges where, to the extent that
content is created, the audience, reader or recipient is a specific
individual or a "closed group". The supply of voice telephony
services allows the transmission of audio content from one person

13

to another, but falls outside the media sector due to the private
nature of the communication. Similarly, in consultancy industries,
where firms take on commissions to provide bespoke advice to
clients, the consumer of any content created (such as written
reports) is a specific party; these services therefore lie outside the
media sector (but this does not preclude consultancy firms
supplying media content as part of their business, e.g. marketing
publications).
For the purpose of defining the media sector, mass consumption is
not simply a matter of numbers. The actual audience or readership
for some media content might be very small, whilst forms of private
communication might involve a large number of people (e.g. an email to a very large group of recipients) yet fall outside the media
sector. The supply of media content may be restricted and
controlled in various ways, but this remains within the media sector
so long as the restriction is not based on the specific identity of the
people (or parties) to whom the content is to be made available. For
instance, access to media content may be restricted through pricing
arrangements,

by

geographic

location,

or

because

specific

equipment is needed to consume the content. Historically, the main

industries within the media sector have been television and radio
broadcasting, the film and recorded music industries, and the
printed press (e.g. newspaper and book publishing). Connected to
these areas is the advertising industry, which cuts across all media
channels. More recently, the Internet has provided a further channel
through which a range of media content from text to graphical
and audiovisual content can be distributed.

14

In parts of the media sector, the traditional distribution channels

have involved the transfer of content to a physical copy (e.g.
through the printing of a newspaper or the copying of a VHS
video cassette) followed by a logistical process (e.g. delivery of
newspapers to households, supply through high street retail). In
other parts of the sector, content has been distributed through
network infrastructure that was essentially devoted to that
purpose, such as terrestrial transmission networks for television
and radio broadcasting.
With convergence, and more specifically digitalization, the same
(digital) content is often distributed to consumers through a
variety of distribution channels. These distribution channels are
not used exclusively by the media sector. For instance, a movie
might be transmitted through a digital cable network, or
downloaded from the Internet; these same networks are also
used to provide services outside the media sector, such as voice
telephony services. Media sector as encompassing broad groups
of supply chains that map the original creation (or sourcing) of
content to its final (mass) consumption, involving various
distribution networks and logistical arrangements.

15

2. OVERVIEW OF ORGANIZATION
2.1

BRIEF HISTORY

The Chief Executive Mirza Muhammad Naeem is the Pioneer of the

Future-Tech Engineering and Systems (Pvt.) Ltd. and AWAZ 105 FM.
This is a fast growing venture in the field of broadcasting and
telecommunication.
Radio AWAZ 105 FM is the subsidiary of Future-Tech Engineering and
Systems (Pvt.) Ltd. We are not only Broadcasting the FM
transmission but also providing the turn-key solution for the setting
up of the complete Radio Stations and Telecom Solutions in the
Government, Semi Government and Private Sector.
Future-Tech Engineerings team, comprising of a group of highly
skilled and seasoned Broadcasting and Telecom engineers with vast
experience of Broadcasting Telecommunication, Data Networking
and Project Implementation in Pakistan and abroad. The areas of our
expertise included but not limited to the setting up of complete FM
and AM Radio Stations and basic telephony systems to modern
broadband Internet works and DSL projects.
Future-Tech Engineering, with its qualified staff of professionals has
acquired and reflects the expertise and professionalism. Our teams
of professionals possess expertise and vision in different aspects of
the Pakistani market, allowing the organization to market a broad
range of products from the supply of spare parts, to the installation
of Turn key Projects.

16

The company offers an exhaustive product mix backed by complete

service and support capabilities ranging from conceptualization and
system engineering to program/project management. Sales and
revenues of company have showed an upward trend in all product
lines.
Although our team has the ability to integrate and sell equipment as
well as networking solutions, but we consider our technical skills,
knowledge and management services to be our key asset. Our
engineers can very effectively evaluate products, validate
technology, design/implement/optimize telecomm networks,
implement SLAs and offer O&M services to any telecomm agency or
network operation.
Future-Tech Engineering offers voice, data, video and wireless
communications network design and implementation. Our
engineering and business team has more than 20 years of
accumulative experience in the field of data networking and
telecommunications! We know telecommunications engineering
inside and out.
Future-Tech Engineerings team has knowledge as well as experience
of following major areas
1-System Engineering
2-Voice & Data Networks
3-Wireless Technologies
4-Cable TV
5-DSL Network
6-Video Conferencing
7-VoIP Telephony & Implementation
8-Project Management
MISSION STATEMENT

17

We want to make friendly relations with the people,

Guide them to the right way. Make them understand what
they find complex. Make them realize the importance of
education. Conduct them to walk into the new era of life.
Keeping them informed which will help them to feel like a
part of this global village. And last but not least, reviving
their culture and norms which are becoming obsolete.

BACKGROUND
Pukhtuns are a unique nation mainly inhabiting the Western
Frontier Regions of Pakistan, Eastern and Central Afghanistan, the
Gulf States and sporadically spread over the entire globe from
Central Asia to Europe, North America, Australia and Entire Asia.
They are hardworking, innovative and an extremely dynamic
nation having a natural ability to standout in any religious, ethnic
or cultural group. Historically they have been extremely proud of
their identity and have always been admired for their love for
independence and adherence to their cultural values.
Over 50 million people around the globe speak Pashto. And yet
it is the only language of its size that, despite the emerging
trend of local media, did not have a television channel of its
own. AVT Khyber filled that vacuum.

18

Coverage Area
Radio Awaz is the Largest Group of Private FM Radios in Pakistan
having presence in 12 Districts in Punjab. Its the ONLY FM RADIO
NETWORK covering all over the Punjab.
List of FM Radio Stations:
FM 105-Gujrat
FM 106-Gujranwala
FM 107-Sheikhupura
FM-104- Sargodha/Bhalwal
FM-105-Jhang
FM-107-Pakpattan
FM 105- Okara
FM 105-Sahiwal
FM 105 Bahawalpur
FM 104 Rajanpur
FM-106-Khanpure
FM 105-Sadiqabad
Coverage Area:
Complete Districts including but not limited to:
Gujrat,

Lalamusa,

Kharian,

Bhimber

(AJK),

Mirpur

(AJK),

Jhelum,Wazirabad
Gujranwala,

Kamonke,

Muridke,

Sialkot,

Narowal,

Deska,

Hafizabad, NorthWest Lahore, Sheikhupura, Nankana, Kasur, 80%

overage of Lahore except the East Side of the City.
Sargodha, Bhalwal, Kushab, Mandibahaudin, Chakwal, Jhang
Saddar, Jhang City, Chiniot, Toba Tek Sing, Samundri, Chak Jumra,
Tandianwala,

19

Pakpattan,

Pir

Mehal,

Arifwala,

Dipalpur,

Vehari,

Bahawalnagar,Minchanabad, Chishtian, Haroonabad,Fortabbas

Okara, Pattoki, Renala Khurd, Hujra Shah Muqeem, Dilpalpur
Sahiwal, Chichawatni, Harrapa, Shahko, Bahawalpur, Lodhran,
Ahmedpur East, Hasilpur, Yazman, Khairpur Tamewali, Duyapur,
Karor Paka, Bhorewala, Mailsi.
Rajanpur,

Jampur,

Rojan,

Layyah,

Muzaffergarh,

Khanpur,

Liaqatpur, Ahmadpur East, Zherpir, Ghari Iftikhar Khan, Janpur,

Kot Samaba, Sadiqabad, Rahim Yar Khan, Kashmoor, Obaro,
Ghotki. Panu Aqil and much much more.
Coverage on Highways:
Motorway- M2
Motorwya-M3
GT Road
Indus High Way:
Islamabad to Lahore 90%
Pindi Bhatian to Faisalabad 100%
From 30 KM of Rawal pindi Lahore Complete GT Road.
From Lahore to Okara-Sahilwal-Khanewal-Multan
From Multan Bahawalpur
From Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan
From Rayim Yar Khan- Sadiqabad- Kashmor- Obaro Panu Aqild
(KLP Road (National Hi way)
From Kashmor to boundaries of DG Khan

20

Corporate Offices
Registered Office Islamabad:
Street No. 30, House No. 302, F-11/2,
Islamabad.
Tel: 051-2298760, Fax: 051-2212084
Email: info@radioawaz.com.pk
Corporate Office Islamabad:
Street No. 9, House No. 19, G-8/1,
Islamabad.
Tel: 051-2264710, 051-2262779, Fax: 051-2264782
Email: info@radioawaz.com.pk
Operational Head Office of Radio Awaz:
First Floor, Dhakhar Plaza ,
Rehman Shaheed Road, Gujrat
Tel: 053-3606105,3607105
Fax:053- 3700111
Email: info@radioawaz.com.pk

21

FM 106 Gujranwala
TIMING
S
04000600
06000730
07301000
10001200
12001400

14001600
16001700

17002000
20002200
22000000

MONDAY
Tilawat-eQuran
Pak+Naat

TUESDAY
Tilawat-eQuran
Pak+Naat

WEDNESDA
Y
Tilawat-eQuran
Pak+Naat

THURSDAY
Tilawat-eQuran
Pak+Naat

FRIDAY
Tilawat-eQuran
Pak+Naat

SATURDAY
Tilawat-eQuran
Pak+Naat

SUNDAY
Tilawat-eQuran
Pak+Naat

Teachings
of Islam

Teachings
of Islam

Teachings
of Islam

Teachings
of Islam

Teachings
of Islam

Teachings
of Islam

Teachings
of Islam

Good
Morning
Awaz
Naveed

Good
Morning
Awaz
Naveed

Good
Morning
Awaz
Maira

Good
Morning
Awaz
Maira

Good
Morning
Awaz
Maira

Good
Morning
Awaz
Ahsan

Good
Morning
Awaz
Ahsan

Life Style

Life Style

Life Style

Life Style

Life Style

Weekend
Brunch

Weekend
Brunch

Kashaf

Kashaf

Easha

Easha

Haroon

Haroon

Handi Roti

Handi Roti

Handi Roti

Handi Roti

Easha
Islam and
Hamari
Zindgi

Awaz Fans
Club

Awaz Fans
Club

Easha

Easha

Kashaf

Kashaf

Irfan

Nadeem &
wahab

Nadeem &
wahab

Sunehri
Yaadein

Sunehri
Yaadein

Sunehri
Yaadein

Sunehri
Yaadein

Sunehri
Yaadein

Mix Aroma

Mix Aroma

Irfan

Irfan

Irfan

Musharraf

Kashaf

Kashaf

Flash Point

Flash Point

Flash Point

Awaz Law
Clinic

Musharraf
Awaz
Health
Clinic

Mari Awaz
Suno

Meri Awaz
Suno

Current
Affair
Program
Naveed

Current
Affair
Program
Naveed

Current
Affair
Program
Amir

Haroon

Out Door
Show for
Public Views
Nadeem

Out Door
Show for
Public Views
Nadeem

Highway
Drive

Highway
Drive

Highway
Drive

Highway
Drive

Highway
Drive

Highway
Drive

Highway
Drive

Alina

Alina

Alina

Alina

Areej

Areej

Areej

PDD

PDD

PDD

Public
Demand

Public
Demand

Public
Demand

Public
Demand

Nadeem

Nadeem

Nadeem

Ahmad

Ahmad

Naveed

Naveed

Ghazal
Time

Ghazal
Time

Ghazal
Time

Awaz
Express

Awaz
Express

Weekend
Special

Weekend
Special

Mateen

Mateen

Mateen

Amir

Amir

Amir

Amir

For
Legal
Opinion
Mateen

For Health
Tips

22

PLAN OF MY INTERNSHIP PROGRAM AT FM106 GUJRANWALA

BRANCHES WHERE I DID
INTERNSHIP
4.1 News room
In first part of my internship I spent about two weeks in the
newsroom. The person who supervised me in newsroom was Mr.
Ch. Saqib Ali Khan (Chief Advisor News) and Tasneem cheema
(News

Reporter

information

Gujranwala)

about

how

the

In

news

process

room
of

collected

collection

and

dissemination of news is carried out. By the grace of Allah I was

able to gain knowledge about every process that is carried out in
the newsroom. It is the place where all the news comes in from
different sources such as reporters, correspondents, online, fax,
telephone etc The main constituents of news room are
Network of computers connected to high speed internet
connection.
Five to ten Televisions set for monitoring news.
A fax machine for getting news items from different bureaus,
reporters and correspondents.
Telephone facility for getting calls on fresh news from reporters.
A team of Anchors.
Assignment editor with deputy assignment editor for supporting
his/her work governs the newsroom. Assignment editor and
sometimes deputy assignment editor assign the reporters daily
work on different beats. After covering the beats assigned they
are sent to the assignment desk where they are processed by the

23

assignment editor and given final shape. The news sent by the
reporter is edited and correct because the reporter makes on the
spot necessary correction if it has something wrong.
After this process of correction and editing the news item is sent to
the composer where the news is composed on a computer system in
a separate file where it gets saved. It is the case with monitored
news, in this process the news is collected from different television
channels where they provide fresh news of importance. The crew on
the computer system notes downs the news being displayed on the
monitoring TV sets. They make news story from them and send it to
the assignment editor where he makes necessary correction or edit
it.
The crews working on the computer system are sub editors they
themselves make the news story from different sources that is free
of errors and credible. The same news from monitoring after final
look is sent to the composition stage, where its gets composed and
saved. News items are also sent through Fax machine from different
locations and bureaus, the fax machine is active 24 hours a day.
News items from reporters and correspondents organizations etc are
received on fax machine. The news story or item received on fax
machine is a full story with all the editing done.
The assignment editor checks such story and send it to the
composition if it is of value and importance. It is the case with news
items received from telephone calls, but there is some difference
between news attains from telephone call and news attain from
other ways. The news story is on oral foam and the subeditor has to
collect news from that person either reporter or some other source
and write it down on a page, afterwards he corrects and makes the

24

story readable for the audience, he gives it a final shape after

making it based on the rule of Inverted pyramid style of News. The
news is composed and saved as well.
After all this process taking place in newsroom a bundle of news
items are collected. The slug of these news items are obtained and
sent to the deputy assignment editor where he or she selects news
based on importance and value.
The news items are then selected and a rundown list is prepared
where the news items are arranged in order of importance such as
shown below
RUNDOWN---------------3:00PM--------------------October,27,2013
HEADLINES--------------20---------------------------News Tone
1. Rangers Operation in Karachi
2. Dialogue with TTP
3. Local Government Election 2013
4. DHQ Fake Medico Legal
4.2 MONITORING:
In the second stage of my internship program I spent Two week in
the monitoring department or section. As the name suggest, it a
place where news is constantly monitored.
News from different sources is monitored and collected on different
devices attach such as TV sets with cable connection on which
different foreign and national channels runs.
The news that is monitored and is important to be noted is captured
on software, which saves the footage directly on the computer
system. After this VTR is some time used, VTR is a device, which is

25

called as video tape recorder, which is connected to a computer

system by the help of which news item of importance is recorded
and catch in a DV.
The monitoring room or section consists of a network of few
computers with software's installed for capturing news items. A
computer system with FTP (File transfer protocol) software to receive
news footages or packages from different sources.
Different news organization or reporters etc sends their footages or
coverings on this FTP system. Mostly the footages captured are sent
to the NLE section where they are edited and made necessary
changes so that the audio may look good to the audience.
Also In this section a crew of sub editors who edit the news footages
or packages collected in the monitoring section. In most cases
reporters send their packages or footages on DV, which requires
some editing, and correction, which is also carried out, in this
section of monitoring by the sub editors.
The software's used for editing purposes are:
Adobe Premiere
Ulead.
In this ministering section as I was told that we are registered with
Reuters for getting updated footages of fresh and new events taking
place all around the world. Reuters is paid on monthly basis some
amount for providing this facility.
This is one of the biggest sources of getting footages. Footage gets
download on the system where the Reuters have provided them with
a system composed of equipments, and a computer system with its
own software through which the file is downloaded and saved in a
file or folder.

26

This is all what I gone through in the monitoring section.

4.3 NLE (NON LINEAR EDITING)
This is the section that I covered in my fifth week of internship in FM
106 news department.
NLE means non-linear editing. A non-linear editing system (NLE) is a
video editing (NLVE) or audio editing (NLAE) system, which can
perform random access on the source material.
Non-linear editing for post-production is a modern editing method
which involves being able to access any frame in a audio clip with
the same ease as any other. This method is similar in concept to the
"cut and paste" technique used in report editing from the beginning.
However, when working with film, it is a destructive process, as the
actual film negative must be cut. Non-linear, non-destructive
methods began to appear with the introduction of digital audio
technology.
Audio data are first captured to hard disks or other digital storage
devices. The data is either recorded directly to the storage device or
is imported from another source. Once imported they can be edited
on a computer using any of a wide range of software. In non-linear
editing, the original source files are not lost or modified during
editing. Professional editing software records the decisions of the
editor in an edit decision list (EDL), which can be interchanged with
other editing tools. Many generations and variations of the original
source files can exist without needing to store many different copies,
allowing for very flexible editing. It also makes it easy to change
cuts and undo previous decisions simply by editing the edit decision
list (without having to have the actual film data duplicated). Loss of

27

quality is also avoided due to not having to repeatedly re-encode

the data when different effects are applied.
Compared to the linear method of tape-to-tape editing, non-linear
editing offers the flexibility of audio editing, with random access and
easy project organization. With the edit decision lists, the editor can
work on low-resolution copies of the video. This makes it possible to
edit both standard-definition broadcast quality and high definition
broadcast quality very quickly on normal PCs which do not have the
power to do the full processing of the huge full-quality highresolution data in real-time.
The costs of editing systems have dropped such that non-linear
editing tools are now within the reach of home users.
Modern web based editing systems can take audio directly from a
phone over a GPRS or 3G mobile connection, and editing can take
place through a web browser interface, so strictly speaking a
computer for video editing does not require any installed hardware
or software beyond a web browser and an internet connection.
Various editing tasks can then be performed on the imported video
before it is exported to
another medium, or MP3 encoded for transfer to a CD. These
equipments are most commonly used in NLE sections
4.4

NEWS PRODUCTION

In the 5th week of my internship program I worked in the News

production section. This is one of the important sections in a news
channel. Production room is the place where all the news production
takes place. This is a task, which must be done with care and
responsibility.

28

The main constituents of news production are:

A Producer
Assistant producer
An editor
A text writer also an editor
A technical engineer
Technician
Electrician
The equipments used in the production room are
An audio console
A switcher
ADT (video tape recorder)
Computer system
Three to four Mixer sets
The process of the news production starts when the composer
prompts the news items. One printed copy is given to the studio
section to the anchor while the other copy is send to the production
room. The producer checks the news and rundown and asks the
anchor to come and sit in the news studio for the recording of news.
The producer takes the rundown and asks the anchor to read the
news based on the rundown in order so that it may be easy for the
editor to grab the news items in quick time on the software such as
adobe premiere. The producer through a mic connected to the
anchor guide and tells him what to do and what not.
In the news production the recording starts when the producer calls
the anchor on the mic get ready, the anchor make himself ready
after which the producer tell him standby and then Cue, with this
cue the anchor starts reading out news. The producer through a

29

device called as console adjusts the audio. Various devices are

attached to the console such as anchor mic headphone, telephone
line for beeper or call in between news.
If there occur a pause it is noted as a pause.
If there occurs repetition of word or sentences he also note it down
and if the producers thinks that the error is not that much harming
he forgives re recording and corrects it in the editing process's f he
things that the mistake or the repetition is brutal he says that
anchor to correct the error in order to be error free during editing
and to save time.
The producer told me that time and decision-making is very
important thing you must be following all the time. This is for the
fact that at times we done have audio or such report to be added in
detail news we have to then thing what is the first available thing
that we can add to it may be a audio beeper or some music that
illustrate the story.
There is constant pressure on the producer in the newsroom
because news is poured from the newsroom and he gets record it in
very concise time. In such situation the producer has to be patient
and cool minded to handle such deadlines and pressure. And it is
the case with other mistakes. In this way the news is recorded I the
production room.
At times the producer asks the anchor to take a call from a reporter
or correspondent on issue or news item that need explanation. This
is called as Beeper.
In the case of beeper a wire is plugged in the console where the
voice of the telephone or beeper is adjusted.

30

Most important here I may say that the news recording takes
place in three steps such as:
OPENING OF NEWS:
In the opening of news the anchor introduces him and welcomes
the audience for listening the news.
Headlines:
In the headline section the anchor read outs all the headlines
that are written on three or four pages.
Break in between news:
A break is taken announcing will meet in a while after a short
break.
Anchor Audio News:
In this part of recording news audiences gets the anchor audio
expressions take are being produced with the help of anchor
voice pitch and accent is been recorded by the sub editor in the
production room. These are simply the short headlines of the
news item after which the details news are made.
Reports & Beeper:
In the voice over section of news production the detail of the
news is recorded, here it is not necessary to look at the moments
or behavior or the anchor, but the actual thing is the voice and
its fluency. It is because that the detail news is voiced by the
reporter.
Closing of news:
In the closing of the news the anchor thanks the audiences by
saying for thank you for being with us for this bulletin, and for
further news stay with us, keep Listening FM 106 news.

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TRANSIMISSION CELL
In the transmission cell the main work is to air the news or
programs. There is a crew compromising of technical personals and
a transmission engineer who looks after the whole transmission
process. News and programs are saved either in a Portable Storage
Device, CD, DVD or shared on a network drive which makes them
easy for the transmission cell to collect them and air them though
he system that is installed in the transmission room. The transmitter
in this room do all this work of transmitting the signals where it
reaches the place where it is collected and then again transmitted
through cables line or satellite connection.
STARTING AND ENDING DATES OF INTERNSHIP
I started my internship report on 10 October, 2013 up to 30
November, 2013.
ASSIGNED PROJECTS
5.1 Production of news:
In the news production I worked in the night shift. I was allowed to
record and produce news after one week training in the production
section.
I started working as a internee producer and worked well by the
grace of Allah
I followed the same process as was followed by the senior
producers.
I worked so well that I was asked to do the production of news
in night shift with full trust.
For the production I made a template for noting mistakes in the
news.

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 As given below in the recommendation section.

5.2 News writing:
In the internship process I worked as writing news for the newsroom,
the assignment editor assigned this work to me. In this part of my
internship program I got training in this regard. After training from
the senior personnel in the newsroom. By the grace of Allah and
hard work of the senior personal I was able to write news in the first
attempt. As I studied in my course work that news must be short,
objective and based on the inverted pyramid rule of writing, the
same I was told here by the senior news writers. The news story is
based on three main parts including: Slug Lead or intro Body And
ending The news story on a page must be having a dateline as well
byline written to specify who actually wrote it.
In the news writing part of my internship I write Pashto news and
English flash news single line or in short form.
5.3

EDITING AND SUBEDITING:

In the training part of internship I also worked to edit the news in the
newsroom. News was written down by the news writers and was
send to me for correction purpose. I checked the news on
correctness, accuracy, spelling mistakes, and objectivity.
If there were some mistake in the tense form of the news such as
some news were ended in past tense, which I corrected and changed
them in to present form.
Such cases were very less but few of them that I noted were
corrected immediately.
5.4

NEWS MONITORING:

In the further stage of training and internship program's I worked in

the monitoring section. In monitoring section I worked on the FTP

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system where different reporters from different areas sent different

Text and Audio. Different news channels also sent many times some
important news reports. I would look at the news coming in the FTP
and save them in the system. After which I would share on the
network for editing or voice over purpose. The files would then used
in the news.
OBSERVATION AND FINDINGS:
As I entered FM 106 for the first time, which was my first day, I
observed the organization as a professional environment for
working. I was welcomed by the members of FM 106 and they told
me you wouldn't have any problem in FM 106, enjoy your stay with
us.
This really helped me in getting to the environment of the
organization. As the time passed I met with almost all the peoples
working within the organization I was also welcome by them. I found
each

and

every

member

of

the

organization

friendly

and

cooperative. Whenever and whatever I asked from any one they

briefed me very well and make me understood on each and
everything taking place in the organization.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FORIMPROVEMET
I had worked for about two months in various departments of Radio
Awaz FM 106. By the grace of Allah and hard work of my supervisor
and other persons I have learnt a lot of things related to the field of
media. I am now able to make news items in Punjabi, Urdu and
English, I am very thankful to the Allama Iqbal Open University,
Islamabad Mass Communication Department management and staff
for giving me such high quality education, which enables made me
feel easy in practical environment. Now as I have the practical

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experience of the media sector and its operations, so I can apply for
the relevant jobs without hesitation.
During the internship period I came across some recommendation
which I think can and will improve the overall performance of the
employees within the organization that is the different sections of
the organization shave to develop a fast mechanism of treating,
capturing and editing of news.
During my internship period I recommend the production incharge to
make a format for the producers on which they will note down the
order of the news, which Takes.
He really appreciated my observations and told me that I have
approved this format and now we will follow this one to have less
wastage of time in writing the numbers and drawing lines.
RESOURCES AND SOURCES USED
1. Awaz Radio website http://www.radioawaz.com.pk
2.

Google.com

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