Blockchain A Paradigm Shift

Ramanan Jagannathan
November 2016

Agenda

Online Transactions
Bitcoin and Blockchain

Global Financial Industry and Blockchain

Resources to Dig Deeper

Agenda

Online Transactions
Bitcoin and Blockchain

Global Financial Industry and Blockchain

Resources to Dig Deeper

Issues with Online Transactions today

Integrity is an add on

Power is centralized
Incentive is largely lopsided
Security is still a big issue
Privacy is largely non-existent
IP rights are ambiguous

Inclusion is absent
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Over years, people have been trying to solve this

problem

The Quest for crypto currency and distributed decentralized design methods continue with
projects in the areas of altcoins (namecoin, litecoin, etc), distributed ledgers (ethereum,
factom, hyperledger etc), meta-networks ( e.g. counterparty), currency platforms (Ripple,
cirlce etc.), micro channel platforms (Lightening network etc.) and many more...

Agenda

Online Transactions
Bitcoin and Blockchain

Global Financial Industry and Blockchain

Resources to Dig Deeper

Bitcoin Overview

Bitcoin or bitcoin ? --- both valid, but not the same Bitcoin is an overloaded word

Protocol specifying how to construct and parse the blockchain, how transactions should be assembled, what is a valid
transaction

Network Peer-Peer network to which nodes connect and exchange messages containing new blocks and transactions

Currency unit of the native currency of the Bitcoin network. Each bitcoin is divisible to 100,000,000 pieces called satoshis

Open Source Project The original open source Bitcoin core ( written in C++)

What is a Blockchain ?

Blockchain is the technology that enables the existence of cryptocurrency

(among other things)

Bitcoin is the name of the best-known cryptocurrency, the one for which
blockchain technology was invented.

A cryptocurrency is a medium of exchange, such as the US dollar, but is

digital and uses encryption techniques to control the creation of monetary
units and to verify the transfer of funds.

Blockchain Overview

How Blockchain works

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Why is the idea of blockchain provocative ?

BlockChain, as a
framework for Value
Transfer disintermediates
the intermediaries
In other words, you dont need an
intermediary to do a(ny) transaction

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Let us define Value

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How BlockChain designs out the issues we faced

Integrity is an add-on intrinsic

Power is de-centralized
Incentive is largely lopsided reputation
based

Security is still a big issue PKI based

Privacy is largely non-existent decided by
user

IP rights are ambiguous made clearer

Inclusion is absent made possible by lower

transaction costs
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Smart Contract
Smart Contracts is defined as a piece code, able to self-verify their own conditions
using data & self-execute by releasing payment, while remaining tamper resistant.
Smart contracts aim to provide security superior to traditional contract law and to
reduce other transaction costs associated with contracting.
Smart contracts are not automatically legal contracts.

Characteristics
Turning legal obligations into automated processes
Guaranteeing a greater degree of security

Decreasing reliance on trust

Lowering transaction costs
Self-verifying
Self-executing
Tamper resistant
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Types of Block Chain

Public blockchains

Public blockchains are open-source and everyone can be part of them. Anyone in the world can
explore the blockchain, send transactions or contracts, consult them and participate in the
consensus process the process for determining what blocks get added to the chain and what the
current state is.
Examples: Bitcoin, Ethereum
Consortium blockchains
Consensus process is controlled by a pre-selected set of nodes; for example, one might imagine a
consortium of 15 financial institutions, each of which operates a node and of which 10 must sign
every block in order for the block to be valid. The right to read the blockchain may be public, or
restricted to the participants.
Example: R3
Private blockchains
Write permissions are kept centralized to one organization. Read permissions may be public or
restricted to an arbitrary extent. Likely applications include database management, auditing, and
more that are internal to a single company, and so public readability may not be necessary in
many cases at all, though in other cases public auditability is desired.
Examples: Eris Industries, Multichain

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Agenda

Online Transactions
Bitcoin and Blockchain

Global Financial Industry and Blockchain

Resources to Dig Deeper

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Global Financial Industry and its shortcomings

It is built on decades old technology

It is at odds with Rapidly Advancing Technology

It is exclusive, leaving billions of people with no access to basic financial tools

It is centralized, exposing itself to data breaches, other attacks, or outright failure

It is monopolistic, reinforcing the status quo and stifling innovation

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Reasons why Blockchain Technology will disrupt

Attestation

Blockchain enables Two parties who neither know each other or trust each
other to transact and do business

Cost

On the blockchain, the network both clears and settles peer-to-peer value
transfers, and does it so continually so that the ledger is always up to date

Speed

A bitcoin network in contrast takes an average of ten minutes to clear and

settle all transactions conducted during that period

Risk

The Blockchain Technology mitigates several forms of financial risk

Value
Innovation

The Blockchain Technology was designed to move bitcoins, and not other
financial assets. The technology is OpenSource and evolves due to
experimentation
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Why are we Talking about Blockchain ?

The emerging Technology is fascinating and ING is not in
wait and watch mode but we are in see and do mode

" I believe - and this is my personal view - that blockchain

technology will not only change the way we do payments but
it will change the whole trading and settlement topic....When
somebody with a strong brand and security level establishes
it as a reliable service, then the whole industry will follow.
That is my personal prediction."

Mark Buitenhek
Global Head of Payments and Cash Management (PCM)
for ING

Oliver Bussman, CIO UBS

"If, so many incredibly smart people are working on this and

investing their time and energy, let alone the money that is
flowing into it, 'it's not something that we can all ignore.
However, the community of innovators need to understand
the complexity behind payments"

As we build more and more complex infrastructure the

whole maintenance and [impact for] changing regulations is
becoming extremely difficult for most of the banks. What is
being demonstrated here is the quite eye opening and
definitely something to look out for."

Ebru Pakcan, Head-Global Payments, citi

Gautam Jain, MD & Global Head-Client Access

The Bank of England recognized the technology as 'significant innovation' that could have "far-reaching implications".
New York State has released Bitcoin World's first license - BitLicense!
Financial Conduct Authority (UK) is investigating ways in which the blockchain can be used in the formal financial
services industry
Source: WSJ, Banktech, American Banker, CoinDesk, BusinessInsider, Financial News, Twitter

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BFSI Sector foresees disruptive impact*

94%

Believe that blockchain will create disruption in financial Market

47%

Reviewing uses of Blockchain for adoption

17%

Financial Institutions are implementing some applications for blockchain

56%

Familiar with the Blockchain startups and looking keenly into it

84%

Want to use blockchain for reducing settlement risk and settlement time

62%

Believe that blockchain can be used in OTC derivatives, apart from payments

* Greenwich Associates 2015 study based on 58 respondents in America, Europe and Asia

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Potential to Provide Far-reaching benefits beyond

Payments

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Potential Areas of Application

http://bravenewcoin.com/news/moodys-new-report-identifies-25-top-blockchain-use-cases-from-a-list-of-120/

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Conclusions of the WEF Report

The World Economic Forum's analysis has yielded six key findings

DLT has great potential to drive simplicity and efficiency though the establishment of
new financial services infrastructure and processes

DLT is not a panacea; instead it should be viewed as one of the many technologies
that will form the foundation of next generation financial services infrastructure

Applications of DLT will differ by use case, each leveraging the technology in different
ways for a diverse range of benefits

Digitial Identity is a critical enabler to broaden applications to new verticals: Digital Fiat
(legal tender), along with other emerging capabilities, has the ability to amplify benefits

The most important DLT applications will require deep collaboration between incumbents,
innovators and regulators, adding complexity and delaying implementation

New financial services infrastructure built on DLT will redraw processes and call into
question orthodoxies that are foundational to today's business models
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Concerns Around Blockchain Implementation

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Blockchain Implementation in India

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Agenda

Online Transactions
Bitcoin and Blockchain

Global Financial Industry and Blockchain

Resources to Dig Deeper

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Some Resources to Dig Deeper

Important Papers to Explore

1. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System

2. A Next Generation Smart Contract & Decentralized Application Platform (Vitalik Buterin, Ethereums
creator)
3. Enabling Blockchain Innovations with Pegged Sidechains (Blockstream team)
4. See Simple Explanation of Bitcoin Sidechains for a less technical interpretation to the above paper.

5. Ethereum: A Secure Decentralized Generalized Transaction Ledger (Gavin Wood, Ethereums cofounder) The Counterparty Platform (Counterparty)

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Questions?

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