Section 1

Introduction and General

Planning Requirements

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Volume 4

Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

1.1

Purpose of This Volume

This volume sets out the requirements of the National Water Services
Commission (SPAN) (referred to as the Commission in this document)
for the planning, design and construction of sewage treatment plants.
This volume contains the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

An overview of considerations and criteria for sewage treatment

plant design.
Effluent discharge standards requirements and the capacity of
different sewage treatment processes to meet these standards.
Requirements for the siting and sizing of sewage treatment
plants.
Requirements for each stage of sewage treatment.

Minimum requirements for facilities ancillary to a sewage treatment

plant.
Other special requirements for temporary treatment plants, treatment
plants within buildings, homestead developments and exemptions
for non-compliance with standards.
Requirements of sludge treatment process and disposal.

The owner must comply with the requirements set out in this volume
when submitting an application for approval to the Commissioner.
This volume does not cover any aspect other than Sewage Treatment
Plant requirements. All internal plumbing approvals need to be approved
by Local Authorities.

1.2

Who Should Use This Volume

This Volume is primarily for owners, developers, consulting engineers
and Public Authorities whose developments include sewage treatment
plants.

1.3

Related Reference Material

This Volume does not cover all aspects of design and construction of
sewage treatment plants. Where information is not covered in this volume,
the designer shall follow the requirements given in MS 1228.
However, the information in this Volume shall take precedence over
MS1228 where similar aspects are covered in these documents or where
there is conflicting information between the two documents.

Sewage Treatment Plants

Volume 4

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

The procedures for certification of sewerage services are given in the

Malaysia, Volume 2 Sewerage Works Procedures.
All Standards references adopted during this revision exercise are compiled
and given in Appendix B.

1.4

General Planning and Design Approval Requirements

The application procedures for sewage treatment plants approval shall
follow the requirements given in MSIG Volume 2. In general, the
application for approval of a treatment plant shall include:
a)
b)
c)

d)

e)
f)
g)

h)
i)
j)
k)
l)

Sufficient land area for the sewage treatment plants plus additional
area to allow for extensions to the plant, where necessary.
Land of suitable configuration shall be provided.
Sufficient buffer zones.

The location of a sewage treatment plant in relation to a particular

catchment area. The plant unit processes shall be located at an
elevation which is not subject to flooding/wave action, or shall
otherwise be adequately protected against all flooding/wave
action.
Sufficient topographic features shall be included to indicate its
location in relation to streams and the point of discharge of the
treated effluent.
Schematic flow diagrams showing utility systems serving the
plant processes and the flow through various plant units.

Pipeworks, including any arrangements for bypass from individual

units. The direction of flow and the content in the pipes shall
also be clearly and permanently painted onto all exposed piping
works.
Hydraulic profiles showing the flow of sewage, supernatant liquor,
and sludge.

Location, dimensions and elevations of all existing and proposed

plant facilities.

Capacity of the effluent receiving drain/water course shall be able

to cater for additional discharge flow from the treatment plant.

Consideration for odour and noise mitigation and control through

good facility design, effective operation, containment, collection
and treatment.

Point of discharge of treated effluent (effluent outfall) and elevations

Volume 4

Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
r)

s)
t)

u)
v)

w)

Type, size, features, and operating capacity of all pumps, blowers,

motors and other mechanical devices together with manufacturer
catalogues.
Minimum, average and maximum hydraulic flows, velocities and
top water level in profiles.
Accessibility, landscaping and fencing.
Flow measurement facilities.

Materials, dimensions and specifications.

Ground conditions including levels, type, groundwater level and

safe bearing pressure of foundation.

Details of foundation and other structural design. Slope protection

works are required, where applicable.
All other components of the sewage treatment plant.

A technical report, which covers the whole life cost evaluation

of the plant.
Process and instrumentation diagram.
Mass balance calculation

x)

Clean and legible detailed drawings in standard format

z)

Where required, an EA or EIA report is needed to identify,

predict, evaluate and communicate information concerning the
adverse and beneficial impacts of the proposed treatment plant.

y)

aa)

1.5

of high and low water levels of the receiving watercourse to

which the plant effluent is to be discharged.

Operation and Maintenance needs of the plant to be addressed

at the early planning stage.

HAZOP requirement is necessary to identify the safety and

operability deficiencies in the design and operation of the treatment
plant.

Guidelines for Design Calculations

Design calculation for all unit processes shall be in sequence starting
from inlet works to biological treatments and sludge treatments as
shown in Figure 5.1. The calculation shall include:
a)
b)
c)

Sizing of each unit processes and all mechanical equipment

involved.
Mass balance for overall system and each unit process.
Influent values.

Sewage Treatment Plants

Volume 4

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

Design influent and effluent values in compliance with Section

3.3.2.
Treatment plant shall be designed based on design flow.
Hydraulic profile across the treatment units to be indicated onto
to the drawings.
Each unit process must comply with the design parameters set
in Section 5.
Calculation of PE to be based on Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Recommended Population Equivalent

Type of Premises/ Establishment

Population Equivalent
(Recommended))

Residential

5 per house

Commercial:

3 per 100 m2 gross area

Includes offices, shopping complex,

entertainment/ recreational centres,
restaurants, cafeteria, theatres
Schools/ Educational Institutions:
- Day schools/ Institutions

0.2 per student

- Partial residential

0.2 per non-residential student

- Fully residential

1 per student

1 per residential student

Hospitals

4 per bed

Hotels with dining and laundry facilities

4 per room

Factories, excluding process water

0.3 per staff

Market (wet type)

3 per stall

Market (dry type)

1 per stall

Petrol kiosks/Service stations

15 per toilet

Bus terminal

4 per bus bay

Taxi terminal

4 per taxi bay

(Ref: Malaysian Standard 1228)

Volume 4

Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Table 1.1 - Recommended Population Equivalent (Cont)

Type of Premises/ Establishment

Population Equivalent
(Recommended)

Mosque/ Church/ Temple

0.2 per person

Swimming pool/ Sports complex

0.5 per person

Stadium

0.2 per person

Public toilet

15 per toilet

Airport

0.2 per passenger

0.3 per employee

Laundry

10 per machine

Prison

Golf course
(Ref: Malaysian Standard 1228)

1.6

1 per person
20 per hole

Guidelines for Drawings

All drawings shall be of standard format and orientation. The drawings
required include:
a)
b)
c)

d)

e)

Overall development plan showing the whole sewerage system

and plant location.
Site layout plan showing the arrangement of the plant, buffer
zone, internal set backs and all neighbouring developments.

Site layout plans showing all the process units, main pipe runs,
electrical conduit corridors, site services (water, drains, lighting,
other services), roads and paving, landscaping, buildings, fencing
and finished level contours (or spot levels). The set out and
overall dimensions of the plant shall also be shown.

Site elevations of the plant with at least one section through

the plant in each direction. These sections shall extend at least
30 m from the plant boundary and include an indication of the
surrounding development (in block form only).
Process and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) showing all tanks,
pipes, channels, valves, mechanical equipment, instrumentation
and control loops. The P&ID can also act as a summary of
the design. It provides key details of each piece of equipment,
tank, piping, valves and instruments.

Sewage Treatment Plants

Volume 4

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

f)

g)
h)

i)
j)

Hydraulic profile showing all hydraulic pathways through the

plant including bypasses. Information to be shown includes
pipe sizes, invert levels, flow velocities, tank coping level, top
water level and freeboard. Top water level and velocities at
minimum flow, average flow and peak flow under design load
must be clearly indicated.
Schematic flow diagrams and mass balances showing flow through
all process units in the plant.

General arrangement drawings of each unit process. These

drawings shall be in sufficient details to clearly describe the shape,
size and function of each unit. The drawings shall show the
structure of the unit, piping, valves and fittings, instrumentation,
mechanical and electrical equipment, buildings, handrails, stairs,
ladders, step irons, site services such as water and lighting,
adjoining paving, roadworks, fencing, drainage, etc. Drawings
of all items should show the elevations, plan view and sectional
view (horizontally and vertically), where applicable.
Details are required of any object that would affect the operation
or maintenance of the plant that is not covered by a standard
drawing.
Required to use standard symbols and legend formats for all
drawings.

Volume 4

Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines

Sewage Treatment Plants

Volume 4

Sewage Treatment Plants

Volume 4

0.2m

0.4m

0.6m

0.8m

1.0m

1.2m

1.4m

1.6m

1.8m

2.0m

F.G.L.

-0.6M
PRIMARY PUMPING VALVE
SCREEN STATION CHAMBER

-0.4m

-0.2m

FGL

F.F.L.

PRIMARY PUMPING VALVE

SCREEN STATION CHAMBER

I.L.

F.G.L.

SECONDARY SCREEN

SECONDARY SCREEN

F.G.L.

CL

I.L.

AERATION TANK

AERATION TANK

TWL

CL

I.L.

TWL
TWL
F.G.L.

CLARIFIER DISTRIBUTION
CHAMBER

CLARIFIER DISTRIBUTION
CHAMBER

F.G.L.

HYDRAULIC PROFILE

I.L.

CLARIFIERS

CLARIFIERS

TWL
TWL
TWL
TWL

F.G.L.

NOTES :

OUTFALL MEASUREMENT
FLUME

HIGHEST FLOOD WATER LEVEL

NORMAL WATER LEVEL

NORMAL WATER LEVEL

FLOOD LEVEL IN RECEIVING

WATERCOURSE

OF ACTUAL PLANT DESIGN AND ACTUAL SITE SURVEY.

2. ACTUAL LEVELS SHALL BE DETERMINE FROM HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS

1. THE LEVELS SHOWN ARE FOR INDICATIVE PURPOSES ONLY.

CHLORINE CONTACT
TANK

OUTFALL MEASUREMENT
FLUME
CHLORINE CONTACT
TANK

F.G.L.

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Figure 1.1 Typical Hydraulic Profile

Figure 1.1 Typical Hydraulic Profile

Page 7

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Figure 1.2 Typical Process and Instrumentation Diagram

10

Volume 4

Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines

Sewage Treatment Plants

Sewage Treatment Plants

Volume 4

Volume 4

Pump

Pump

Raw Sewage

Raw Sewage

Screen

PUMPING STATION (EXISTING)

RAW SEWAGE

SS =

BOD =

Q=

RAW SEWAGE M

SS =

BOD =

Q=

RAW SEWAGE

SS =

BOD =

Q=

Screen

Filtrate =

SCREEN CHAMBER

Filtrate =

=
=

Q
BOD

Skimmer

Water =

Oil Discharge Tank

=
=
=

Q
BOD
SS

Floor Drain Pit

Transfer Pump

GREASE CHAMBER

Oil & Grease Pump

Grit Pump

Grit Classifier

Vortex

Oil Holding Tank

SS

BOD =

GRIT CHAMBER

Mixer
Pump

Balancing

BALANCING TANK

=
=
=

Q
BOD
SS

=
=

Q
BOD
SS

MLSS =

Aerator

Supernatant Decanter

REACTOR

SEQUENCING BATCH

=
=
=

Q
BOD
SS

HOLDING TANK

SLUDGE

Pump

Waste Sludge

TANK

MEASURING

SS

BOD

BLOWER

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Figure 1.3 Typical Process Flow Diagram

Figure 1.3 Typical Process Flow Diagram

11

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Introduction
Introductionand
andGeneral
GeneralPlanning
Planning Requirements
Requirements

Figure 1.4 Typical Mass Balance Diagram

Figure
Balance Diagram
Diagram
Figure 1.4
1.4 Typical
Typical Mass Balance
INFLOW
INFLOWPARTICULARS
PARTICULARS
QQ = =
BOD
BOD= =
10%
10%SS
SStotobe
beremoved
removed
SS= =
SS
PHYSICALTREATMENT
TREATMENT
PHYSICAL
PRIMARYSCREEN
SCREEN
1)1)PRIMARY
SECONDARYSCREEN
SCREEN
2)2)SECONDARY

QiQi= =
BOD= =
BOD
SS= =
SS

Qi ++ Qr
Qr ++ Qw
Qw
QQ == Qi
BOD ==
BOD
SS ==
SS

Qe
Qe ==
BOD
BOD ==
SS
SS ==

SECONDARY
SECONDARY CLARIFIER
CLARIFIER

AERATIONTANK
TANK
AERATION
MLSS= =
MLSS

OUTLET
OUTLET

OVERFLOW
OVERFLOW SS
SS CONC
CONC==
BOD
BOD ==

Qr
Qr++Qw
Qw==
BOD =
BOD =
SS =
SS =

Qr, Xr
Qr,
Xr
Qr = X Qi =
Qr = X
BOD
= Qi =
BOD
=
SS =
SS =

AEROBIC DIGESTED
AEROBIC DIGESTED
SLUDGE HOLDING TANK
SLUDGE HOLDING TANK

Qw =
Qw ==
BOD
BOD
SS ==
SS ==
1%DS
1%DS =
SLUDGE THICKENER
SLUDGE THICKENER

Qw =
BOD
Qw ==
SS ==
BOD
4%DS
SS =
4%DS =

Qw OVERFLOW =
Qw OVERFLOW =

Sludge to be pumped to Sand Drying Bed

For
Dewatering
to 25% to
Dry
SolidDrying Bed
Sludge
to be pumped
Sand
For Dewatering to 25% Dry Solid

Figure 1.5 Typical Electrical Single Line Diagram

Figure 1.5 - Typical Electrical Single Line Diagram
Figure 1.5 - Typical Electrical Single Line Diagram

SPARE

SPARE

TO COMPOUND LIGHTING (2 nos)

TO COMPOUND LIGHTING (2 nos)

TO 13A SOCKET OUTLET

TO 13A SOCKET OUTLET

24T

24T

20A

20A

0 -3 0 A
0 -5 0 0 V

0 -3 0 A
3 0 A T P + N 1 0SK/s
AwM C C B
4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B

10A

0 -5 0 0 V

10A

S /s w
S /s w
4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B

20A

3x5A

TO 36W FLOUERECENT LIGHT

TO 36W FLOUERECENT LIGHT

B
6A

R SY/s wB

20A

RAW SEWAGE
SUBMERSIBLE
RAW SEWAGE
SUBMERSIBLE
PUMP PUMP
NO.2 (2.4kW)
Using
4c x 2.5mm
ARM Cable
NO.2 (2.4kW)
Using 4c
x 2.5mm
ARM Cable

TO CONTROL
CIRCUIT
TO CONTROL
CIRCUIT
2 x sq.
1.5mm
Using 2 Using
x 1.5mm
PVCsq. PVC
R

3x5A

0 -4 0 A
S /s w 0 -5 0 0 V
S /s w
PSR P HA SE S EQ UENC E
R E L A Y0 -4 0 A
S /s w
4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B
PSR P HA SE S EQ UENC E
R E LA Y
40A TP N 10KA M C C B
4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B

3x5A

D IS T R IB U T IO N B O X F O R
L IG H T IN G A N D P O W E R
D IS T R IB U T IO N B O X F O R
L IG H T IN G A N D P O W E R

6A

0 -5 0 0 V

TOR

TOR

w
YS /sB

TPN20A TPN20A
TOR
MCB
MCB
DOL
DOL
A
A

20A SPN20A SPN

MCB
MCB

TPN20A TPN20A
TOR
MCB
MCB
DOL
DOL
A
A

SPN6A SPN6A
MCB
MCB

13A Socket
Outlet Outlet
13A Socket
Using 2Using
x 2.5mm
sq. PVCsq. PVC
2 x 2.5mm

To Control Circuit
To Control Circuit
E. STOP
x 1.5mm sq. PVC
E. STOP Using 2Using
2 x 1.5mm sq. PVC

EQ Pump no. 2 (0.6kW)

EQ Pump no. 2 (0.6kW)
Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable
Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable
R

3x5A

PSR

6A SPN
SPN
MCB 6APSR
MCB

EQ Pump no. 1 (0.6kW)

EQ Pump no. 1 (0.6kW)
Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable
Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

TOR

16A TPN
TOR
TPN
MCB 16A
DOL
MCB
DOL

Air blower motor no.2 (3.7kW)

Air blower motor no.2 (3.7kW)
Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable
Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

TOR

TOR

20A TPN
TOR
MCB 20A
TPN
DOL
MCB
DOL

20A TPN
TOR
MCB 20A
DOL
TPN
MCB
DOL

TOR

16A TPN
TOR
TPN
MCB 16A
DOL
MCB
DOL

Air blower motor no.1 (3.7kW)

Airx blower
no.1 (3.7kW)
Using 4c
2.5mmmotor
ARM Cable
Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

M O T O R S E .Q P U M P S A N D S S T P U M P

RAW SEWAGE
SUBMERSIBRE
PUMP PUMP
RAW SEWAGE
SUBMERSIBRE
NO.1 (2.4kW)
Using
4c x 2.5mm
ARM Cable
NO.1 (2.4kW)
Using 4c
x 2.5mm
ARM Cable

S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
R A W S E W A G E S U B M E R S IB L E P U M P
S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
R A W S E W A G E S U B M E R S IB L E P U M P

S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R A IR B L O W E R
M O T O R S E .Q P U M P S A N D S S T P U M P
S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R A IR B L O W E R

4 0 /0 .1 A
2P R CCB

S P +N 30K A
1 04 0K/0
A .1
MAC C B
2P R CCB
U S IN G 4 C x 1 6 m m P V C /S W A P V C A R M . C A B L E
U S IN G 4 C x 1 0 m m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M . C A B L E
U S IN G 2 C x 6 m
E m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M . C A B L E
S P +N 30K A
40A TP N 10KA M C C B
30A TP +N 10KA M C C B
10 KA M CCB
40A TP+N
30A TP +N
30A SP+N
U S IN G 4 C x 1 6 m m P V C /S W A P V C A R M . C AMBCL C
EB
U S IN G 4 C x 1 0 m m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M . CMACBCLB
E
U S IN G 2 C x 6 m m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M .MCCAC
BB
LE
R

40A TP+N
MCCB

6A
3 x 6 0 /5 A

3 x 6 0 /5 A

0 -50 0V

R
6A
PSR

V .s .s w
Y B

30A TP +N
MCCB

30A SP+N
MCCB

0 -6 0 A

V .s .s w
0 -50 0V
V .s
wS E S E Q U E N C E
P .s
HA
R E L A Y 0 -6 0 A

.sC
wB
6 3 /0 .3 A 4 pV .s
RC
PSR PHASE SEQUENCE
6 0 A T P + N 2R5EKLAA Y
(4 P O L E ) M C C B

6 3 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B
6 0 A T P + N 2 5 K A (4 P O L E ) M C C B
415 V S U P P LY
3 PHASE
T N B M E T E R IN G
PANEL
M U L T IC O R E A R M O U R E D
C ABLE TO
T N B R E Q U IM E N T

415 V S U P P LY
3 PHASE

S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
M A IN S W IT C H B O A R D

S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
M A IN S W IT C H B O A R D

T N B M E T E R IN G
PANEL
M U L T IC O R E A R M O U R E D

OR O M
IN C O M IN G S C
U APBPLLEYT F
T N B R E Q U IM E N T
M A IN D B 4 1 5 V

IN C O M IN G S U P P L Y F R O M
M A IN D B 4 1 5 V

12

10

10

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Volume 4

Malaysian Sewerage
Malaysian
Sewerage
Industry Guidelines
Industry Guidelines
Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines