Wireless Data

Technology overview
Petri Pyhnen
Head of GPRS Business Program, NTC RAS

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 1

GPRS ... packet connectivity in GPRS

the biggest news since GSM why ?

GPRS enables instant IP access on-the-move, no call set-up

waiting time

operating the GPRS backbone means becoming a major IP

network operator, the first public IP service

GPRS enables transparent IP, true IP end-to-end (no remote

access emulating modem connections)

3rd Gen will be "just" an incremental access improvement on

top of GPRS, GPRS is the target, 3rd Gen just a tail wave

the biggest (the last ?) opportunity for challengers to outplay

incumbents

a better value proposition for the end-users ( pay for data

volume instead of session connection time)

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 2

28.8 kb/s
14.4 kb/s
9.6 kb/s

167.2 kb/s
(peak rate)

9 kb/s

lower
connectivity cost
NOKIA

GPRS
packet technology

wider band
connectivity

64 kb/s

HSCSD
multislot technology

Evolution of GSM data connectivity

SMS, USSD

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 3

GPRS bit rates (kbit/s) revisited

coding

# of timeslots

CS-1
CS-2
CS-3
CS-4

12345678
9.05
18.1
13.4
26.8
15.6
31.2
21.4
42.8

27.15
40.2
46.8
64.2

36.2
53.6
62.4
85.6

45.25
67
78
107

54.3
80.4
93.6
128.4

63.35
93.8
109.2
149.8

72.4
107.2
124.8
171.2

276.8

346

415.2

484.4

553.6

Early terminal implementations

expected to operate in this area

69.2
138.4
EDGE
(assuming ideal C/I)

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 4

207.6

GPRS logical architecture

Um

PSTN
Network

BSC

BTS

LLC link

HLR/AuC
EIR

MSC

SMSC

Gb

Corporate 1

SS7
Network

Billing System

Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)

Border
Gateway
(BG)

Server
Router

GPRS
backbone
network
(IP based)

Charging
Gateway (CG)

The GTP tunnel

Local
Area
Network

Data
network
(Internet)

Firewall

Corporate 2

Firewall
Lawful Interception
Gateway (LIG)

Gateway GPRS
Support Node
(GGSN)

Router

GPRS
INFRASTRUCTURE

Inter-PLMN
network

Local
Area
Network

Data
network
(Internet)

Firewall

NOKIA

Server

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 5

GPRS Transmission Plane

(GSM 03.60)
When the terminal moves,
the instances of these relay nodes may change
Application
IP / X.25

IP / X.25
Relay

SNDCP

SNDCP

GTP

GTP

LLC

LLC

UDP /
TCP

UDP /
TCP

IP

IP

Relay

RLC

RLC

BSSGP

BSSGP

MAC

MAC

Network
Service

Network
Service

L2

L2

GSM RF

GSM RF

L1bis

L1bis

L1

L1

Um

MS

Gb

BSS

In active mode, the location of the

terminal is tracked down to the cell level

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 6

Gn

SGSN

Gi

GGSN

GPRS internetworking
SGSN

Operator
IP backbone
RADIUS
server
GGSN-2

Intranet
GGSN internal
IP address pool

GGSN-1

Internet

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 7

GPRS growth,
GPRS core single site
SS7
cloud
Gr, Gs

The benefits:
Easy to manage and build entry solution.
SGSN

Gb

DNS

FR
cloud
CG

Gn
GGSN

Gi

IP
cloud

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 8

Voice over GPRS ?

may be ,

BUT ..

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 9

GPRS Quality of Service (QoS) Profiles

(GSM 03.60)

Precedence class (high, normal, low)

Delay class (1-4, 4=best effort)

Reliability class (1-5)

QoS capabilities of GPRS may not be sufficient.

delay due to
Unpredictable
The reliability classes define
whetherpacket
acknowledged
or the
unacknowledged modes
very
nature
of
packet
reservation
is
one
serious concern.
are used in GTP, LLC and RLC protocols

class 1 for non real-time traffic, error sensitive application that cannot cope with
data loss

class 4 for real-time traffic, error-sensitive application that can cope with data
loss or out-of-sequence delivery

class 5 for real-time traffic, error non-sensitive application that can cope with data
loss

Peak throughput class (1-9)

defines mean transfer delay and 95 percentile delay for 128 octet and 1024 octet
packet size

class 1: 8kbit/s, class 4: 64kbit/s, class 9: 2048kbit/s

Mean throughput class (1-19)

NOKIA

class 1: best effort, class 2: 0,22bit/s, class 13: 1,11kbit/s, class 19: 111kbit/s
fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 10

Voice over GPRS

Can possibly be done with somewhat worse spectrum

efficiency than circuit switched voice.
May be commercially viable if end to end Internet
connectivity is very important.
Further work is required to verify the feasiblity.

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 11

The wireless data deployment steps

Commercial
market deployment

2001

Wireless Data
yesterday
based on 9.6/14.4 CSD & SMS
"wireless data is here"
High Speed data circuits
1Q99
HSCSD n*14.4 (3*14.4 = 43.2)
"we break the 9.6 bottleneck"
High Speed Packet Capabilities
1Q00
GPRS (e.g. 3* 13.4 = 40.2)
"instant IP" "pay for transferred volume"
Data extreme
EDGE upto 500 kb/s
3rd Generation
"wireless virtual reality"
Wideband GSM (WCDMA) upto 2 Mb/s
"wireless broad band"

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 12

2002

Wireless Data
Technology overview
Petri Pyhnen
Head of GPRS Business Program, NTC RAS

NOKIA

fftechov.PPT / 21.10.1998 / PP page: 13