CIVE1620: Matrices - Lecture 4

09/04/2009

Determinant of a Matrix

School of Civil Engineering

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Recall:

a1 x b1 y c1

a1

b1

c1

a2 x b2 y c2

a2

b2

c2

CIVE 1620: Engineering Maths 1.1

Linear Equations & Matrix Algebra

Lecture 4

Linear Equations & Matrices

Solution if:

a1b2 a2b1

Determinant of a Matrix

a1b2

a2b1 is determinant of

a1

b1

a1

b1

a2

b2

a2

b2

Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

Determinant of a 2x2 Matrix

a1

b1

a2

b2

Linear Equations & Matrices

a1

b1

a2

b2

Homogenous equation

Linear Equations & Matrices

a1

b1

c1

a2

b2

c2

a3

b3

c3

a1b2 a2b1
B

2 10 4

Trivial solution

32

Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

x=y=z=0

Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

Homogenous equation

Linear Equations & Matrices

Determinant of a 3 x 3 matrix

Reduce to echelon form

a1

b1

c1

a1b2 a2b1 a1c2 a2c1

a1b2 c3 b2 a3c1 a2b1c3 a1b3c2 b3a2c1 a3b1c2

a1 b2c3 b3c2
a1

b2

c2

b3

c3

b1

b1 a2 c3 a3c2
a2

c2

a3

c3

c1

a1

b1

c1

a2

b2

c2

a3

b3

c3

a1

b1

c1

a2

b2

c2

a3

b3

c3

a1

b2

c2

b3

c3

Linear Equations & Matrices

Minor (of c1)

b1

a2

c2

a3

c3

c1

a2

b2

a3

b3

c1 b2 a3 b3a2

a2

b2

a3

b3

det

a1 b2 c3 b3c2

b1 a2 c3 a3c2

c1 b2 a3 b3 a2

= 0 for unique solution

Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

CIVE1620: Matrices - Lecture 4

09/04/2009

Determinant Example

Linear Equations & Matrices

det

1 2 3

Calculate |A|

a1

b2

c2

b3

c3

b1

b1 a2 c3 a3c2
a2

c2

a3

c3

c1

c1 b2 a3 b3 a2

a2

b2

a3

b3

Rearranging

1 2 3
4 5 6 1
7 8 9

a1b2 c3 b2 a3c1 a2b1c3 a1b3c2 b3a2 c1 a3b1c2

a1 b2 c3 b3c2

4 5 6
7 8 9

Alternative Determinant Expansion

Linear Equations & Matrices

5 6

8 9

1 5 9 8 6

4 6

7 9

4 5

a2 b1c3 b3c1

7 8

4 9 7 6

a2

4 8 7 5

3 12 9 0

b1

c1

b3

c3

Row 2

Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

b2

b2 a1c3 a3c1
a1

c1

a3

c3

c2

a1

b1

c1

a2

b2

c2

a3

b3

c3

a1

c2 a1b3 a3b1
b1

a3 b3

Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

Determinant Example: Alternative Linear Equations & Matrices

Determinant Expansion

Linear Equations & Matrices

1 2 3

Expand second row

4 5 6
7 8 9

1 2 3
A

4 5 6

7 8 9
4

2 9 8 3

24 60 36

2 3
8 9

1 3
7 9

5 1 9 7 3

1 2

Must obey sign pattern e.g. a 3x3 :

7 8
6 1 8 7 2

Tip: choose rows or columns with zeros

Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

3x3 Determinant Examples

Calculate |A|

It is possible to expand along

ANY row or column

Linear Equations & Matrices

2
A

3
1

1 2

Todays lecture:
Determinant of a Matrix

1.Expand along 3rd Column

2.Expand along 2nd Row
3.Expand along 3rd Row
|A| = -56
Engineering Maths 1.1: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1620

12