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202
EXHIBIT 20.1
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203
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2-4
Tabulation--Frequency Table
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION/TABLE A grouping of data into
mutually exclusive classes showing the number of observations in
each class.
2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
2-5
Bar Charts
BAR CHART A graph in which the classes are reported on the horizontal
axis and the class frequencies on the vertical axis. The class frequencies
are proportional to the heights of the bars.
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2-6
Found by
52/180
40/180
45/180
43/180
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2-7
Pie Charts
PIE CHART A chart that shows the proportion or percent that
each class represents of the total number of frequencies.
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2-8
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2-9
Cross-Tabulation
Address research questions involving
relationships among multiple categories.
Cross-Tabulation Table of car sales by location and car type
Car Type
Location
Kane
Olean
Sheffield
Tionesta
Total
Sedan
20
17
17
14
68
SUV
21
8
11
17
57
Total
52
40
45
43
180
2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
2010
2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
2-11
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2-12
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2-13
Describing Relationship
between Two Variables
When we study the relationship between
two variables we refer to the data as
bivariate.
One graphical technique we use to show
the relationship between variables is called
a scatter diagram.
To draw a scatter diagram we one variable
along the horizontal axis (X-axis) of a graph
and the other variable along the vertical
axis (Y-axis).
We usually put the variable (dependent)
that can be affected by the other variable
(independent) along the Y-axis.
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4-14
Positively Related
Not Related
Negatively Related
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4-15
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4-16
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4-17
Cross-Tabulation
Cross-Tabulation
Addresses research questions involving
relationships among multiple categorical
variables.
Contingency Table
A table used to classify sample observations
according to two or more identifiable
characteristics.
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2018
2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
20-19
2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
2020