Eggs

Milk
Peanuts
Fish
Shellfish
gandum
kepiting
lobster
udang
kedelai
Food allergens (the food fragments responsible for an allergic reaction) are proteins within the food
that usually are not broken down by the heat of cooking or by stomach acids or enzymes that digest
food. (Pada bayi, protein tidak dapat dicerna secara optimal karena aktivitas enzim pencernaan
belum sepenuhnya berkembang. Selain itu, mereka memiliki permeabilitas mukosa usus untuk
makromolekul lebih besar daripada orang dewasa. Akibatnya, protein yang belum dipecah lebih
banyak terserap di usus kecil sehingga menimbulkan reaksi alergi.) As a result, they survive to cross
the gastrointestinal lining, enter the bloodstream, and go to target organs, causing allergic reactions
throughout the body.
The complex process of digestion affects the timing and the location of an allergic reaction. If
people are allergic to a particular food, for example, they may first experience itching in the mouth
as they start to eat the food. After the food is digested in the stomach, abdominal symptoms such as
vomiting, diarrhea, or pain may start. When the food allergens enter and travel through the
bloodstream, they can cause a drop in blood pressure. As the allergens reach the skin, they can
induce hives or eczema, or when they reach the lungs, they may cause bronchospasm (wheezing or
constriction of the lungs). All of this takes place within a few minutes to an hour.

Steroids (e.g., cortisone) may be given, typically in the emergency room, to help reduce
inflammation after an anaphylactic attack. Although steroids do not work fast enough for emergency
treatment, they may help prevent a recurrence after the initial reaction has been treated.
Antihistamines, known as H1 blockers, are prescribed to relieve mild allergy symptoms, although
they cannot control a severe reaction. Medications in this class include diphendydramine
(Benadryl) and cetirizine (Zyrtec). An antihistamine should never be given as a substitute for
epinephrine.
Asthma Medications. Short-acting bronchodilators (known as rescue inhalers), such as albuterol
(Alupent, Proventil, Ventolin), may be used to help relieve breathing problems once
epinephrine has been given, particularly if you are experiencing asthma symptoms. They should not
be depended upon to treat the breathing problems that can occur during anaphylaxisuse the
epinephrine.
Reaksi anafilaktik
Difficulty breathing, or
Reduced blood pressure (e.g., pale, weak pulse, confusion, loss of consciousness)
Gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, or cramping)