EXILE IN DAPITAN-EXECUTION OF RIZAL (1892-1892)

DATE
June 26,
1892

PLACE
Manila

July 3, 1892

Manila

July 7, 1892

EVENT
Rizal and Lucia arrived in Manila
They were met by a platoon of carabineers and their commander and
inspected their luggage
Sergeant of the Guardia Civil Veterana, in disguised, watched the
inspection proceedings.
4:00 pm - Rizal went to Malacaan but he was told to come back in
the evening.
7:00 pm - had an interview with Gov-Gen Eulogio Despujol but he
was granted only the liberty of his father but not his brother and
brothers-in-law.
That same night, Rizal met the prominent Filipino patriots, including
Apolinario MAbini, Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio Salvador, Timoteo
Paez, Serrano LAktaw, Deodato Arellano.
He explained to them the aims of the La Liga Filipina.
The succeeding days, Rizal was busy and visited Malolos (Bulacan),
San Fernando (Pampanga), and Tarlac (Tarlac), and Bacolor
(Pampanga).
The government spies watched his every movement. All homes,
which welcomed him, were searched, and every Filipino seen in his
company was under suspicion.
Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina in the home of Doroteo Ongjunco.
Officers:
President: Ambrosio Salvador
Fiscal: Agustin de la Rosa
Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
Secretary: Deodato Arellano

Aims of the La Liga Filipina:

1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and
homogeneous body.
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.
Malacaan Rizal was summoned to Malacaan.
Gov-Gen Despujol asked him if he still wanted to go back to
Hongkong and Rizal replied in the affirmative.
After some conversations, the governor-general produced some
handbills which were allegedly found in Lucias pillows when they
arrived from Hong Kong.
The incriminatory handbills were printed copies of an anti-friar article
entitled Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) under the authorship of Fr.
Jacinto and bore the imprint of Imprenta de los Amigas, Manila.
This article was a satire against the rich Dominicans who amassed
fabulous wealth contrary to their vow of poverty.
Rizal was accused of having written such an anti-friar article.
He was immediately placed under arrest and escorted to Fort
Santiago by Don Ramon Despujol.
Gov-Gen Despujols decree deporting Rizal was published by the
Gaceta de Manila.

July 14,
1892
July 15,
1892
July 17,
1892

Reasons for deportation:

1. Rizal had published books and articles abroad which showed
disloyalty to Spain and which were frankly anti-Catholic and
imprudently anti-friar
2.A few hours after his arrival in Manila there was found in one of
the packages... a bundle of handbills entitled Pobre Frailes
3. His El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of three
traitors (GOMBURZA) and on the title page he wrote the only
salvation for the Philippines was separation from the mother
country.
4. The end which he pursues in his efforts and writings is to hear
from the loyal Filipino breasts the treasures of our holy Catholic
faith.
Rizal was brought under heavy guard, to the steamer Cebu.
The steamer left Manila.
Dapitan

Rizal reached Dapitan.

Rizal began his exile in Dapitan.

RIZAL IN DAPITAN
The ship which brought Rizal to Dapitan also carried a letter by Fr. Pablo Pastells, Superior of the
Jesuit Society in the Philippines, to Fr. Antonio Obach, Jesuit missionary of Dapitan. In this letter,
Fr. Pastells informed the missionary that Rizal could live in the Jesuit missionary house on the
following conditions:
1. That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were
clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.
2. That he perform the church rites and make general confession of his past life.
3. that henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a
man of relation.
Rizal did not agree with these conditions.
He lived in the house of the commandant, Captain Ricardo Carcinero.
Carcinero gave Rizal complete freedom to go anywhere and report only once a week.
Rizal wrote a poem to Carcinero entitled, A Don Ricardo Carcinero, on August 26, 1892 (on his
birthday).
May 4, 1893, Carcinero left Dapitan and as succeeded by Captain Juan Sitges.
He required Rizal to report to him 3 times a day. But Sitges changed his attitude after weeks. He
restored the liberties which Rizal enjoyed before.
RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION
Fr. Pastells sent a book by Sarda to Rizal, with an advice that Rizal should desist from his
foolishness in trying to view religion from the prism of individual judgment and self-esteem.
In all the letters to Fr. Pastells, Rizal revealed his anti-Catholic ideas which he acquired from
Masonry and embittered by his persecutions by the bad friars.

RIZAL AS PHYSICIAN
He had many patients, but most of them were poor so that he even gave them free medicine.
He also had some rich patients who paid him handsomely for his surgical skills.
August 1893, Rizals mother and sister Maria arrived in Dapitan and lived with him for 1 1/2 year.
Rizal operated his mothers eyes for the 3rd time.
Don Ignacio Tumarong was able to see again because of Rizals ophthalmic skill and paid him
P3,000.
Englishman - paid P500.

 Don Florencio Azcarraga -was also cured of eye ailment. Paid Rizal a cargo of sugar.
Rizal studied the medicinal plants of the Philippines and their curative values.

RIZAL AS ENGINEER
He constructed a system of waterworks in order to furnish clean water to town people.
He spent many months draining the marshes in order to get rid of the malaria that infested
Dapitan.
He equipped the town with its lighting system.
Beautification of Dapitan.
Rizal and Fr. Francisco Sanchez made a huge relief map of Mindanao out of earth, stones, and
grass.
RIZAL AS EDUCATOR
He himself planned to establish a modern college in Hong Kong for Filipino boys so that he could
train them in modern pedagogical concepts, which were then unknown in the Philippines.
He established a school which was attended by a group of select boys from prominent families of
Dapitan.
Instead of charging them tuition fees, he made them work in his garden fields, and construction
project in the community.
Rizal taught his boys reading, writing languages (Spanish and English), geography, history,
mathematics (arithmetic and geometry), individual work, nature study, morals, and
gymnastics.
He trained them how to collect specimens of plants and animals, to love work, and to be like
men.
Formal classes: 2-4 pm
The best pupil was called emperor.
Rizal conducted his school at his home in Talisay, near Dapitan, where he had his farm and
hospital.
His favourite rendezvous with his boys was under a talisay tree, after which the place was
named. In honor of this tree, he wrote a poem entitled Himno a Talisay (Hymn to the Talisay
Tree) for his pupils.

RIZALS CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE

He sent specimens of insects, shells, and plants to the museums of Europe, especially the
Dressed Museum. In payment for these valuable specimens, the European scientists sent him
scientific books and surgical instruments.
Rizal discovered some rare specimens which were named in his honor by scientists. Among
these:
1. Draco rizali (a flying dragon)
2. Apogonia rizali (a small beetle)
3. Rhacophorus rizali (a rare frog)
Rizal also conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological, geological and
geographical studies.
RIZALS LINGUISTIC STUDIES
Rizal wrote a Tagalog grammar, made a comparative study of the Bisayan and Malayan
languages, and studied the Bisayan (Cebuan) and Subuanun languages.
He knew 22 languages: Tagalog, Ilokano, Bisayan, Subuanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English,
French, German, Arabic, Malayan, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese,
Portuguese, Swedish, and Russian.
RIZALS ARTISTIC WORKS

 He contributed his painting skill to the Sisters of Charity who were preparing the sanctuary of the
Holy Virgin of their private chapel.
One day in 1894, a puppy of Syria (Rizals dog) tried to follow Rizals pupils, who secretly went to
Dapitan in a boat from Talisay, and was devoured by a crocodile.
He modeled a statutte representing the mother-dog killing the crocodile, by way of avenging her
lost puppy, and called it The Mothers Revenge.
Bust of Fr. Guerrico
The Dapitan Girl
Woodcarving of Josephine Bracken
Bust of St. Paul (given to Fr. Pastells)

RIZAL AS A FARMER
He bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay.
He acquired more lands until his total land holdings reached 70 hectares.
Rizal introduced modern methods of agriculture.
He won in a lottery
He imported agricultural machinery from the United States.
He wanted to establish a new Calamba but it did not materialize like his previous Borneo
colonization.
RIZAL AS BUSINESSMAN
In partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan merchant, Rizal made a profitable business
ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp industries.
In his letter to Hidalgo dated January 19, 1893, he expressed his plan to improve the fishing
industry of Dapitan.
The most profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan was in the hemp industry.
Rizal introduced modern hemp-stripping machines in Dapitan in order to improve the hemp
industry.
He also organized the hemp planters into a cooperative association so as to eliminate unfair
business practices and to stabilize the price of hemp.

RIZAL AS INVENTOR
1887 - Rizal invented a cigarette lighter called sulpukan
During his exile in Dapitan, he invented a machine for making bricks.
MY RETREAT
Rizal, as requested by her mother, wrote a beautiful poem about his serene life as an exile in
Dapitan and sent it to her on October 22, 1895.
Mi Retiro (My Retreat) - was acclaimed by literary critics as one of the best ever penned by Rizal.
RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
Leonor Rivera- died on August 28, 1893.
Josephine Bracken - a pretty Irish girl who was born in Hong Kong, of Irish parents, on October 3,
1876.
Josephine was adopted by an American engineer, Mr. Taufer, who later became blind.
Josephine, with Mr. Taufer and Filipino companion, Manuela Orlac, arrived in Dapitan in February,
1895 in order to secure the surgical service of Rizal, whose fame as an ophthalmic surgeon was
recognized even in Hong Kong.
Rizal and Josephine fell in love at first sight.
After a whirlwind romance of one month, they agreed to marry but Fr. Obach, the parish priest of
Dapitan, refused to marry them without the permission of the Bishop of Cebu.

 Mr. Taufer flared up in violent rage when he heard their projected marriage. He tried to commit
suicide.
Josephine went with Taufer to Manila. He went away uncured because his ailment was incurable.
Mr. Taufer returned to Hong Kong alone.
Josephine stayed in Manila with Rizals family. Later she returned to Dapitan.
Since no priest would marry them, Rizal and Josephine held hands together and married
themselves before the eyes of God.
Rizal wrote a poem for Josephine.
In the early part of 1896 Rizal was extremely happy because Josephine was expecting a baby.
Unfortunately, he played a prank on her, frightening her so that she prematurely gave birth to
an 8-month baby boy, who lived only for 3 hours. He was named Francisco.

RIZAL AND THE KATIPUNAN

Katipunan - was founded on July 7, 1892.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela was named emissary to Dapitan, in order to inform Rizal of the plan of the
Katipunan to launch a revolution for freedoms sake.
June 21, 1896, Dr. Valenzuela, brought with him a blind man named Raymundo Mata and a guide,
going to Dapitan to solicit Rizals expert medical advice, arrived in Dapitan.
Rizal objected to Bonifacios audacious project to plunge the country in bloody revolution. He was
of the sincere belief that it was premature, for two reasons:
1. the people are not ready for a revolution
2. arms and funds must first be collected before raising the cry of revolution
He also disapproved of the other plan of the Katipunan to rescue him because he had given his
word of honor to the Spanish authorities and he did not want to break it.

RIZAL VOLUNTEERED AS MILITARY DOCTOR IN CUBA

Months before the Katipunan contacted him, Rizal had offered his services as military doctor in
Cuba. It was Blumentritt who advised him to volunteer as army physician there.
Rizal wrote to Gov-Gen Ramon Blanco (Despujols successor) on December 17, 1895, offering his
services as military doctor in Cuba.
July 30, 1896 -Rizal received a letter from Gov-Gen Blanco arrived in Dapitan, notifying him of the
acceptance of his offer.
THE SONG OF A TRAVELER
It was with this joyous thought of resuming his travels that he wrote his heart-moving poem El
Canto del Viajero.
GOODBYE TO DAPITAN
July 31, 1896 - Rizals 4-year exile in Dapitan came to an end. At midnight of that date, he left
Dapitan.
August 6, 1896 - Rizal arrived in Manila.
Unfortunately, the Isla de Luzon had already left for Spain. Rizal was transferred to the Spanish
cruiser Castilla to wait for the next steamer which was scheduled to sail for Spain for the next
month.