Esercizi sugli integrali

U. Fedus

La tabella di integrali indefiniti di funzioni

elementari

Z
1.

0 dx = C,
Z

2.

dx = x + C,
Z

x+1
+ C, ( 6= 1),
+1

dx
= 2 x + C,
x
dx
= ln |x| + C,
x
dx
= ln |x + a| + C,
x+a
dx
= ln |x a| + C,
xa
ax
x
a dx =
+ C, a > 0, a 6= 1,
ln a
Z
1
x
x
e dx = e + C,
eax dx = eax + C,
a
x dx =

3.
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
4.
Z
5.
Z
6.

sin xdx = cos x + C,

Z

7.

cos xdx = sin x + C,

Z

dx
= tg x + C,
2x
cos
Z
dx
= ctg x + C,
9.
2
sin
x
Z
dx
10
= arctg x + C,
2
1
+
x
Z
dx

11.
= arcsin x + C,
2
1

x
Z
1
x
dx
12.
=
arctg
+ C, a 6= 0,
2 + x2
a
a
a
Z
x
dx
1

13.
= arcsin + C, a 6= 0.
a
a
a2 x2

8.

L'Integrazione per parti

f (x)dg(x)dx = f (x)g(x)

g(x)df (x),

dg(x) = g 0 (x)dx.
Formula fondamentale del calcolo integrale

b
a

x=b

f (x)dx = F (x)
= F (b) F (a),
x=a

ove F (x) e' una primitiva di f (x).

Esercizi svolti sugli integrali

Z

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

(1 + x)5 dx

z6
(1 + x)6
5

= 1 + x = z = z dz =
+C =
+ C.
6
6
Z

2x + 3dx

3
1
dx = dz
= 2x + 3 = z x =
2
2
Z
1
1p
1 z 3/2
1/2
=
+
C
=
z dz =
(2x + 3)3 + C.
2
2 32
3
Z
x2 dx
3
1 + x

dz
= 1 + x3 = z 3x2 dx = dz x2 dx =
3
Z
dz
1
1
1
= ln z + C = ln(1 + x3 ) + C.
=
3
z
3
3
Z
sin x

dx
1

cos
x

dz
=
= cos x = z sin xdx = dz =
1

dt
=2 t+C =2 1z+C
=1 z = t dz = dt =
t

= 2 1 cos x + C.
Z
2ex dx
(1 ex )2

2
dz
x
x
=
+C
=1 e = z e dx = dz = 2
z2
z
2
=
+ C,
1 ex
Z
sin2 x cos xdx

z3
2

= sin x = z cos xdx = dz = z dz =

+C =
3
(1 ex )3
=
+ C.
3
4

Z
7)

8)

dx
9 + x2

1
dx
x
dx

z = dz =
=
=

dx
=
3dz

9
1 + ( x3 )2
3
3
Z
1
1
1
x
3dz
=
=
arctg
z
+
C
=
arctg
+ C.
9
1 + z2
3
3
3
Z
tg xdx
Z
Z
Z

sin x
d cos x
dz
=
dx =
= cos x = z =
cos x
cos x
z
= ln |z| + C = ln | cos x| + C.

Z
9)

10)

11)

cos2 xdx
Z
Z
Z
1 + cos 2x
1
1
=
dx +
cos 2xdx
dx =
2
2
2
x 1
= + sin 2x + C.
2 4
Z p
a2 x2 dx

= x = a sin z dx = a cos zdz

Z
Z p
Z
1 + cos 2z
=a
a2 a2 sin2 z cos zdz = a2 cos2 zdz = a2
dz
2
Z
Z
Z
1 + cos 2z
a2
a2
2
=a
dz =
dz +
cos 2zdz =
2
2
2
Z
a2 z a2
a2 z a2
= |2z = t 2dz = dt| =
+
cos tdt =
+ sin t + C
2
4
2
4

a2
x a2
x
a2 z a2
+ sin 2z + C =
arcsin + sin 2 arcsin
+ C.
=
2
4
2
a
4
a

Z 4
x 3x2 + 5 3 x 7x + 6

dx
3
x
Z 2
Z
Z
Z
Z 4
3
x
x
x
dx
x

dx

3
dx
+
5
dx

7
dx
+
6
=
=
3
3
3
3
3
x
x
x
x
x

Z
=

Z
x

11/3

dx 3

Z
x

5/3

dx + 5

Z
dx 7

x2/3 dx

x11/3+1
x5/3+1
+6 x
dx =
3
+ 5x
11/3 + 1
5/3 + 1
x2/3+1
x1/3+1
7
+6
2/3 + 1
1/3 + 1
3 14/3 9 2
21 5/3
=
x
x + 5x
x + 9x2/3 + C.
14
8
5
Z
3
cos2 x sin xdx
Z
Z
3t5/3
3
=
cos2 x d cos x = |t = cos x| = t2/3 dt =
+C =
5
3(cos x)5/3
=
+ C.
5

Z
Z
Z

dx
d ln x
dz
=
dx
=
=
=
z
=
ln
x

z4
x ln4 x
ln4 x
Z
z 3
4
= z dz =
+ C.
3
Z
x3
dx
x+2
Z 3
Z
Z 3
x + 23
23
x + 23 23
dx =
dx
dx =
=
x+2
x+2
x+2
Z
Z
(x + 2)(x2 2x + 4)
dx
=
dx 8
=
x
+
2
x
+
2
Z
= (x2 2x + 4) dx 8 ln |x + 2| + C
1/3

12)

13)

14)

=
Z
15)

x3
x2 + 4x 8 ln |x + 2| + C.
3

(ex/3 + 2)3 ex/4 dx

Z
Z
x
2x/3
x/3
x/4
= (e + 3e
+ 12e + 8)e
dx = (e3x/4 + 3e5x/12 +
Z
x/12
x/4
+ 12e
+ 8e
)dx = e3x/4 dx+
Z
Z
Z
5x/12
x/12
+3 e
dx + 12 e dx + 8 ex/4 dx =
=

x
x
4 3x 36 5x
e4 +
e 12 + 144e 12 32e 4 + C.
3
5

Z
16)

17)

18)

19)

20)

1
sin(ln x) dx
x

Z
Z

= sin(ln x)d ln x = z = ln x = sin zdz = cos z + C =

= cos(ln x) + C.
Z
sin 2x
dx
cos2 x

Z
Z
Z

2 sin x cos x
sin x
d cos x
=
=
dx
=
2
dx
=
2
=
z
=
cos
x

cos2 x
cos x
cos x
Z
dz
= 2 ln |z| + C = 2 ln | cos x| + C.
= 2
z
Z
dx

x+2+3

= z = x + 2 z 2 = x+2

Z
Z

(z +3)dz
zdz

2zdz = dx = 2
=2

z +3
z +3
Z
dz
= 2z 6 ln |z + 3| + C = 2z
6
z+3

6 ln |z + 3|+C = 2 x + 26 ln | x + 2+3|+C.
Z
dx
2
1 + cos x

1
= tg x = z
dx = dz
cos2 x

1
dx = cos2 xdz = 1 + tg2 x =
cos2 x =
2
cos x
Z
Z
dz
1
1
dz
=
=
=
=
1
1 + tg2 x
1 + z 2 1 + 1+z
2 + z2
2
z
1
tg x
1
= arctg + C = arctg + C.
2
2
2
2
Z
xdx
2
cos x
Z
dx

= 2 = d tg x = x d tg x =
cos x
Z
= |integrazione per parti| = x tg x tg xdx = x tg x+
+ ln | cos x| + C.
7

Z
21)

22)

x+3
dx
x2 + 2
Z
Z
Z
x
dx
1
dx2
3
x

=
dx
+
3
=
+
arctg
=
x2 + 2
x2 + 2 2
x2 + 2
2
2
Z
1 d(x2 + 2)
3
x

=
+
arctg
=
2
x2 + 2
2
2
3
1
x
= ln |x2 + 2| + arctg + C.
2
2
2
Z
Z
9x + 5
x
dx = 9
dx+
2
2
8x + 9
8x + 9
Z
Z
Z
dx
9
d(x2 )
5
dx
=
+
=
+5
8x2 + 9 2 8x2 + 9 8 x2 + 98
Z
9
d(8x2 )
5 1
x
q
q
=
arctg
=
+
16 8x2 + 9 8 9
9
8
8

Z
9
d(8x2 + 9) 5 8
8x
=
+
arctg
+C =
16
8x2 + 9
8 3
3

5
8
8x
9
ln |8x2 + 9| +
arctg
+ C.
=
16
24
3
Z

23)

dx
x(5 + ln2 x)
Z
Z
1
dx
d ln x
x
=
=
=
(5 + ln2 x)
5 + ln2 x

Z
Z

d ln x
dt
ln x = t =
=
=
=
2

5 + t2
5 + ln x
1
t
1
ln x
= arctg + C = arctg + C
5
5
5
5