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NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY

INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT (FINAL REPORT)

Performance Evaluation and Ratio Analysis of Beximco in Bangladesh


SECTION - 12

Submitted to
Shanila Taneem (SnT)

Submitted by
Ashik Ur Rahman Udoy - 1210157030
M. Tafsir Uddin - 081444030

Lecturer

Md. Asif Amin - 1210092030

School of Business

Md. Mohiuddin 1220045030

Course: FIN254

Nafis Fuhad Khan - 1210370030


Samuel Mursalin 1210051030

Table of Contents
Abstract..........................................................................................................................................3
Corporate Profiles..........................................................................................................................4
Beximco.......................................................................................................................................4
Square..........................................................................................................................................4
Ratio Analysis.................................................................................................................................5
Current Ratio.............................................................................................................................5
Quick Ratio.................................................................................................................................6
Days Sales Outstanding (DSO).................................................................................................7
Inventory Turnover....................................................................................................................8
Fixed Asset Turnover.................................................................................................................9
Total Asset Turnover Ratio......................................................................................................10
Debt Ratio.................................................................................................................................11
Return on Assets (ROA)..........................................................................................................12
Return on Equity (ROE).........................................................................................................13
Net Profit Margin.....................................................................................................................14
Book Value per Share...............................................................................................................15
Earnings per Share (EPS).......................................................................................................15
Price of Share/Earnings per Share (P/E ratio)......................................................................16
Conclusion:...................................................................................................................................17

Abstract
This is a report on four of the most renowned pharmaceutical companies from the
pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh. It includes how they have been performing in the past 5
years, ratio analysis, interpretations on what caused them to flourish and graphical
representations to bring the four market leaders into the same frame.
Companies that have been chosen are Square, Beximco, The comparison is based on the
performance of the past four years, spanning from 2009 to 2013. Based on these values, we will
give a summarized insight on how the companies have been able to achieve the position they
currently hold.

Corporate Profiles
Beximco
Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is a leading manufacturer of pharmaceutical formulations in
Bangladesh. It is a concern of Beximco Group, the largest industrial conglomerate in the private
sector of Bangladesh. It produces over 500 different products that treat vital areas, such as gastro
intestines, respiratory, antibiotics, cardiovascular, anti-diabetics, allergy etc. The company boasts
a massive workforce of 2700 employees. Currently, it is proudly the only Bangladeshi company
to get enlisted in AIM of London Stock Exchange.

Square

Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is a renowned company in Bangladesh. It is a flagship company in


the pharmaceutical industry which has reached this mountain of success by fighting many
potential competitors like BEXIMCO Pharma, INCEPTA, ACME, RENETA, OPSONIN, SK+F,
SANOFI-AVENTIS etc. It initially started as a Partnership in 1958. It was incorporated as a
Private Ltd. Company in 1964 and converted into Public Limited Company in 1991. Its initial
public offering started in Dhaka and Chittagong stock exchange simultaneously in 1995. Their
mission is to produce and provide quality & innovative healthcare relief for people, maintain
stringently ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the shareholders,
stakeholders and the society at large. With facts and figures to display a proper picture of the
performances of these companies. Financial ratios are useful indicators of a firm's performance
and financial situation. Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firm's
financials to those of other firms.
Financial ratios can be classified according to the information they provide.
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Ratio Analysis

Current Ratio
Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities

Company
Name
Beximco
Square

2009

2010

2.97
13.86

2.46
2.39

2011
2.69
1.50

2012
2.67
1.58

2013

Industry

2.63
1.59

Average
2.70
4.83

16
14
12
10

Beximco
Square

Ibn Sina

Orion

4
2
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation: In Beximco pharmaceuticals the Current ratio decreases because current asset
over the last 4 years increases gradually followed by more gradual increase in current liabilities.
In the year 2013 Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. current assets were 1.59 times than the current
liability. In 2009 current assets were 13.86 times than its current liability and it decreases in 2010
5

to 2.39 and decreases at 2011 to 1.50. The values of 5-year current ratio show an increasing
trend. The Current ratio increases because current asset over the last year increases gradually
followed by slight increase in current liabilities.

Quick Ratio
Quick Ratio = (Current Asset Inventories) / Current Liabilities

Company
Name
Beximco
Square

2009
2.23
4.13

2010
1.67
1.16

2011
1.83
0.95

2012
1.88
0.95

2013

Industry

1.89
.96

Average
1.90
1.80

4.5
4
3.5
3

Beximco

2.5

Square

Ibn Sina

1.5

Orion

1
0.5
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
InBeximco the quick ratio decreases because the current asset excluding the inventories is
gradually increasing even though the increasing of liabilities of the year. In the year 2013 Square
Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Current assets excluding inventory were 0.96 times than its current

liability. Current assets excluding inventory were 4.13 times at 2009 than its current liability and
decreases to 1.16 in 2010 and decreases to 0.95 in 2011.
Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)
Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) = Receivables / (Annual sales / 365)
Company
Name
Beximco
Square

2009

2010

52.04
0

46.18
1.00

2011
45.25
0

2012
45.79
0

2013

Industry

45.79
0

Average
47.31
0.25

80
70
60
50

Beximco

40

Square
Ibn Sina

30

Orion

20
10
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
DSO for Beximco has increased in between 2009-13 but has fallen in 2012 to 45.79. For Square,
on an average, it takes 0 days to collect its accounts receivables from the creditors. From, 20092012 it shows a similar pattern. But the term is related to average payment period and also
important for the management in order to minimize its period. However, an increasing DSO
trend means that its ability to collect receivables rapidly has been decreasing.

Inventory Turnover
Inventory Turnover = Sales/ Inventory

Company
Name
Beximco
Square

2009

2010

2.82
2.91

3.27
2.85

2011
3.44
3.03

2012
3.81
3.41

2013

Industry

3.83
3.48

Average
3.34
3.05

30
25
20

Beximco
Square

15

Ibn Sina
10

Orion

5
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
For Beximco Pharmaceuticals the inventory turnover ratio has been increasing which shows the
sales have been increasing at a higher rate than inventories. In 2013, Square has completely sold
out and restocked its inventory 3.48 times. From 2009-2010 it follows a decreasing trend but in
2011 the turnover improved. Because, relative change in cost of goods sold was more than
change in inventory.

Fixed Asset Turnover

Fixed Asset Turnover = Sales/Net Fixed Assets


Company
Name
Beximco
Square

2009

2010

0.37
1.09

0.42
1.13

2011
0.49
1.08

2012
0.56
1.09

2013

Industry

.58
1.09

Average
0.46
1.10

6
5
4

Beximco
Square

Ibn Sina

Orion

1
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
Beximco had good improvements from 2009-2013. The ratio 0.58 in 2013 is higher than 2011 so
it is quite satisfactory for the company. Square, in 2012, every tk.1 (one taka) worth of fixed
assets generates 1.09 taka worth of sales. From, 2009-2012 it follows quite unstable trend. For
This shows that sales generated by the use of the fixed assets of the company have been
increasing.

Total Asset Turnover Ratio

Total Asset Turnover = Sales/Total Assets


9

Company

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Industry

Name
Beximco
Square

0.24
0.79

0.30
0.79

0.34
0.69

0.37
0.75

.38
.79

Average
0.31
0.76

3
2.5
2
Beximco
Square

1.5

Ibn Sina
1

Orion

0.5
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
Sales of Beximco were high in the year 2013, in comparison to other years. The increase in sales
accompanied by rise in total asset has caused the total asset turnover to rise slightly. For Square,
in 2012, every taka, 1 (one taka) worth of total assets generates 0.075 taka worth of sales. From
2011-2012 it follows an increase trend.

Debt Ratio
Debt Ratio = Total Debt/Total Assets
Company

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Industry
10

Name
Beximco
Square

0.45
0.27

0.25
0.21

0.25
0.29

0.25
0.24

.25
.23

Average
0.3
0.25

0.7
0.6
0.5
Beximco

0.4

Square
Ibn Sina

0.3

Orion
0.2
0.1
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
For Beximco, the debt ratio decreased but from 2010 to 2013 it remained constant. For Square,
in 2012, 24% of company total asset were financed by debt. From 2009 to 2011 Debt ratio went
up (29%) and started to decrease (24%). Compare to 2011 to 2012 debt to asset ratio decrease
because relative change in total asset was more than change in total debt.

Return on Assets (ROA)


ROA = Net Income/Total Asset
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Company

2009

2010

2011

Name
Beximco
3.10
4.90
5.20
Square
5.20
4.98
4.09
(These values are given in percentage for convenience)

2012

2013

Industry

5.40
3.98

5.50
3.82

Average
4.65
4.56

35
30
25
Beximco

20

Square
15

Ibn Sina
Orion

10
5
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
Beximco, with a higher return on asset ratio of 5.36 percent, is in a more favorable position
compared to other years. For Square, in 2010, every tk.100 worth of total asset generates 3.98
taka worth of operating income. From 2007-2010 it showed a downward trend because for these
consecutive times, relative change in operating income less than change in total asset..This
increased ROA was really satisfactory for the company as it would more investors to invest in
the company.

Return on Equity (ROE)

ROE = Net Income/ Total Common Equity


Company

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Industry
12

Name
Beximco
Square

5.70
34.10

6.50
46.45

6.99
42.39

7.10
44.10

7.30
44.20

Average
6.57
41.76

70
60
50
Beximco

40

Square
30

Ibn Sina
Orion

20
10
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
Normally, it is the return earned on the common stockholders investment in the firm. Beximco
shows an increasing trend which puts it in a more favorable position to the investors. For Square,
in 2012, the shareholders of this company earned 44.10 taka against every 100 taka worth of
investment on the company. From 2009 to 2010 it increased because of relative change in net
income was more than total common equity.

Net Profit Margin


Net Profit Margin = Net Income/Sales

Company
Name

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Industry
Average
13

Beximco
Square

12.00
24.83

16.00
31.33

15.00
27.04

14.00
27.10

14.00
27.12

14.25
27.58

35
30
25
Beximco

20

Square

15

Ibn Sina
Orion

10
5
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
For Beximco, the main reason behind the profit margin decline in 2012 and 2013 is high cost
that occurs as a result of inefficient operations although its net profit increased from 2009 to
2010 due to increase in net income generated by higher sales. For Square, in 2012, every taka
100 worth of total sales generates taka 42.37 worth of operating profit margin. It increased from
2011 to 2012 because of relative change in gross operating profit was more than sales.
Otherwise, from 2009-2010 it remains almost same.

Book Value per Share


Book Value per Share = Shareholders Equity/No. of shares
Company
Name
Beximco
Square

2009

2010

2011

295.20

Data Not Available


401.10
402.33

2012

2013

Industry
Average

383.03

383.02

370.42
14

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009

Square
Ibn Sina
Orion

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
For Square, the book value remained fairly constant after 2010. However, the price went down
significantly in 2010-2011. The main reason behind this decline is the number of shares
skyrocketing from 1,080,000 (2010) to 12,960,000 (2011) (almost 12 times). From 2011, the
book value has increased till 2012. This enables people to buy more shares at cheaper rates.
Earnings per Share (EPS)
EPS = Net Income/No. of Shares
Company

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Industry

Name
Beximco
Square

4.13
34.40

5.17
43.59

4.76
43.59

4.33
38.20

4.32
38.19

Average
4.60
39.95

15

60
50
40
Beximco
Square

30

Ibn Sina
Orion

20
10
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
EPS for Beximco and Orion remained fairly constant with very little fluctuations. For Square,
EPS values show rapid fluctuation.

Price of Share/Earnings per Share (P/E ratio)


Company
Name
Beximco
Square

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Industry
Average

16.97

Data Not Available


12.77
17.95

21.84

21.87

17.38

16

25

20

15
Square
Ibn Sina
10

Orion

0
2009

2010

2011

2012

Interpretation
For Beximco, due to the decrease in EPS, P/E ratio has an increasing trend.

Conclusion:
After looking a glance in the pharmaceutical industry where we did analysis on Beximco,
Square, Ibn Sina and Orion, we came to a conclusion that this is very potentially growing
industry where few companies are doing well and the others are trying to match them
If I am an investor I will try to invest on the company which has the highest return on equity and
the highest return on asset that is the Orion pharmaceutical company so it is better to invest on it
which has a higher rate of return.
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Any potential investor must keep an eye on high return on equity and return on assets. From an
investors perspective, it can be said that Orion Pharma has successfully benefitted from high
returns on both equity and assets. Besides, in a low-income country like Bangladesh, Orion gives
out its shares at a very cheap rate which makes it easier for potential stockholders to purchase
their shares. Therefore, investing in Orion will be most advantageous and profitable, compared to
other pharmaceuticals in the list.

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