Partes del uso del ingls que se prueban en las

partes del examen

PARTES PROBADAS

Trminos lxicos

PARTES
DEL
EXAME
N
1-3

Gramticales

1-3

Lexico gramatical

1-3

Gramatical-lxico
gramatical

Links

Phrasal verbs
Colocations
Partculas
Transformaciones

2-4
1-4
4
5

Contraste de la frase
total para deducir si
es negativo o
positiva singular o
plural
Word formation

EJEMPLO

Significados. Diferencias.Colocaciones.
Frases Expresiones
Ejemplo de contraste gramatical: I moved
here 3 years ago. NO I have moved
here
Los dos anteriores, significado y
colocacin o modo de usar con partrculas
adecuadas: Im able to (estar
predispuesto para preparado para) away
NOT equal to Im capable of doing a work
(estar capacitado o ser competente para)
Se prueban verbos auxiliares, posiciones,
pronombres, artculos y contraste lxico
gramatical: Succed in doing and manage
to do. Study subject and study for an
exam.
Conjunciones de unin: in case, as long
as, while even if. No prueban los tiempos
verbales.
Business trip NOT business journey
Prefijos, sufijos, formas irregulares:
dishonest/honest, long/length

Apply-applicant

NORMAS:
*Las contracciones en la parte 3 cuentan como 2 palabras

DEFINICIONES
*Las locuciones son conjuntos de palabras que, a diferencia de las
colocaciones, si cambian el sentido de las palabras que sedadme del
contexto, etc.
* colocacin gramatical: conjunto de palabras que aparecen comnmente
con una estructura o combinacin determinada, ejemplo: negar suele tu
seguido de categricamente. NO TIENEN

QUE SE DEBE HACER Y QUE NO EN PARTE 1

Leer las respuestas primero
Responder las respuestas seguras antes de las inseguras
Pensar sobre las pequeas diferencias entre palabras similares
No confiar en las palabras siguientes al espacio directamente para
determinar la respuesta
Leer todo el fragmento y entender la esencia
Hacer una hiptesis fundamentada en las que no estamos seguros
No dejar vacos en blanco

EJERCICIOS TIPO
Tema 0,B. Diferencias en el lxico. Sigth and seeing
Audience: pblico, espectadores, telespectadores de un tipo de medio de
comunicacin
Crowd: trmino genrico para una congregacin de un determinado
momento y lugar: gento, multitud, muchedumbre, gente
Mob: multitud, mafia, panda, banda. Comprende a un grupo unido por un
fin.
Observers: trmino genrico si no se contextualizan otros como: spectator
or witness para espectador de un evento o testigo respectivamente
Viewers: visionario, televidente
Onlooker: testigo
Sightseer: turista, excursionista
Witness: testigo

Watcher: observador (de pjaros, eventos naturales o artificiales)

Glimpse: vislumbrar algo que se pasa o pone delante de la vista por un
instante
Glance: es el actor el que dirige la mirada o echa un vistazo de forma
rpida hacia algo
Glance at: ojear
Stare: mirada fija, detenida
Notice: notar, darse cuenta de
Catch sight of: captar una vista de, atisbar, avistar, notar de
repente, glimpse

Ejemplo:
Whowatches a sports event? Observers/viewers/spectators
Spectators, porque es un trmino ms especfico que los otros dos

D MOVEMENT AND MOVING

Cruise: crucero
Pace: paso, ritmo (desarrollar, andar, o mover a un paso constant)
Outing: excursin, viaje corto desde casa, salida
Trip: viaje al trabajo, a la escuela, etc, de negocios, (travel, journey) o
excursin por placer
Voyage: a long journey involving travel by sea or in space.
Tour: a journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited. A
short trip to or through a place in order to view or inspect something.
Border: frontera, lmite
Ahead: recto
Speed: velocidad (slo magnitud)
Velocity: magnitud y sentido (vector)
Make ones way: hacer un viaje
Miss: perder algo no material (viaje, afecto, )
Set off: partir

Thought and opinion

Make up ones mind: tomar una decision
To have came to the conclusion: llegar a la conclusion.
To reach a decision
Off the top of one's head, sobre la marcha, en el momento, en este
momento, (fuera de la cabeza, fuera de planteamiento)
We should bear in mind

Time
-

Tardar o tomarse tiempo se escribe con el verbo auxiliary take

Pasar o gastar tiempo se escribe con el verbo pass y spent. El
primero se refiere al tiempo que alguien pasa haciendo algo.
El segundo se refiere al paso del tiempo mientras suceden
otras cosas.

Determinantes: at that time= (during a specified period in the

past), por aquel entonces, en aquella poca (NO such time o en
dicho tiempo)
For the time being: (por el momento) until some other arrangement
(plan) is made.

Money
Dear: caro
Profit: beneficio (sobre todo financiero)
Charge: cobrar
Expense: gasto
To fund: financiar
Fee: honorario, tarifa, cuota, entrada

TEMA 1. GRAMMER FOCUS. TIEMPOS VERBALES DEL

PRESENTE
1. Call me back later because I am watching a video at the moment
B. This describes an action happening at the moment of
speaking.
2. My brother always changes the channel when Im watching TV. F.
This expresses annoyance with somebodys habit.
3. The best films teaches us something about real people and the
problems they face. A. Expresses a general, scientific truth.
4. We probably go to the cinema about once a month, on average. D.
This expresses a regular habitual action.

5. I am having lessons in film-making so I can use my new video

camera better. E. This expresses a temporary series of actions
(clases, reuniones, sesiones de entrenamiento, revisions mdicas).
6. I am living in this small flat until I can find somewhere closer to the
studio. H. This describes a temporary situation.
7. If you ask me, the films coming out of Hollywood get more violent. J.
This expresses a changing or developing situation.
8. Its a good film, but it contains (tiene) some quite violent scens. C.
This uses a state verb, not usually used in the continuous form,
slamente en presente simple y perfecto simple, son verbos
cuyos significados estan relacionados con una condicin
estado que son hechos NO actividades.
9. I wish had (deseara tener, o que tuviera) more free time to watch
videos and go to the cinema! G. This expresses a wish about the
present.
10.If they spent more time on the script, the films would be better. I.
Its expresses an imaginary present in a conditional sentence.
REGLAS:
TO BE + V+ ING o presente continuo
1. Accin en el momento de hablar (b)
2. Expresar una serie temporal de acciones (e)
3. Situacin temporal (h)
PRESENTE SIMPLE DE INFINITIVO
1. Accin afirmativa o verdadera cientficamente (a)
2. Situacin o accin que se repite habitualmente de forma indefinida
(d)
3. Expresin de molestia por el hbito de alguien (be + adv + v) (f)
4. Verbo de estado normalmente en presente simple o presente perfecto
simple ( c )
5. Situacin de cambio o evolucin (j)
PASADO
1. Expresin de deseo sobre una accin del presente ( g )
2. Presente imaginario en una frase condicional (i)

TEMA 2.
PREPOSICIONES
FROM
Indica un resultado, deduccin.
Antecede a un remitente o procedencia.
Precede a los ingredientes que componen algo.
Se usa para indicar la amenaza o hecho del que se protege (contra, de)
Se sigue de otras preposiciones: from under
ON
Indica posicin (on the ground)
Indica lugar de morada NO INTERIORMENTE A UN HABITCULO
CERRADO(on a flat, on a river), PARA INTERIORES SE USA IN /
INSIDE (in a houseboat, in the forest)
Indica pertenencia: de (the handle on the cup),
Indica objetos o vestimenta colocada sobre la persona, sobre, puesto
encima, llevar puesto, she (she has a blue dress on).
Indica medio de transporte (on bike)
Indica continuacin de una accin (play on: seguir tocando, go on :
seguir)
Usar: who is on the PC (quin est usando el PC)
Respect a, sobre.
Tiempo: das concretos, o das de la semana (on Christmas, on
Monday)
Introduce una accin, a hacer (we went on a trip to London)
Tomar, consumer (shes on antibiotics)
Adverbio indicative de la forma en que se lleva a cabo una accin:
according to (she wants to stay on her terms)
In comparison with (profits are up on last year)
Posicin relative: head on (de frente(a ti))
Progression (futher on: ms adelante, un poco ms all
(progresin espacial)), (from now on: de ahora en adelante, a
partir de este momento(temporal)), on and off: de vez en cuando
Causativo: por
Con verbos que implican una expresin de idea, sentimiento,
opinin, accin proveniente de la racionalidad como (advise on,
agree on , attend on, complain on, insist on )

ABOUT
Adverbio y preposicin: acerca de , sobre
Lugar: por
ABOUT VS ON (es importante deducir el contexto para el que se usa la
preposicin)
No hay diferencia si no se usan como indicativos de lugar

Hay diferencia lxica de significado cuando se trata como adverbio

de lugar: He gave a lectura on an aircraft deckes distinto de He
gave a lectura about an aircraft carrier deck. En la primera frase
indica el lugar donde se dio la conferencia (en un avin), mientras
que en la segunda se indica sobre qu trataba la conferencia
(sobre un avin).
Ej 2: She gave a lectura (covering, regardering, explaining, about,
on) recycled plastics. En este caso es indiferente el adverbio o
palabra usada.
OF
Posesivo (de)
Partitivo (only two of us)
Materia (of gold)
Contener (glass of wine)
Cantidad (kg of rice)
Relacin de objetos (map of Madrid)
Causa (died of old)(accused of stealing)
Agente (the killer of kenedy)
De parte de (that was nice of you)
Formando verbos compuestos, frasales o transitivos: approve of,
( tener buena opinin de , aprobar)
AT vs IN vs ON
Lugar
In: posicionar a alguien o algo en grandes lugares (pases,
y
grandes ciudades), espacios abiertos (in the park), interior
movili
de turismos (in car, in taxi)
At: lugares abstractos localizables en mapas, lugares ms
dad
pequeos y genricos (pueblos, ciudades pequeas) sin
especificar si es en interior o exterior (at the corner, at the
forth floor)
At: nombres propios o edificios: at Harrods, at the bank
At: indica direccin: to point at something
On: movindose en vehculos no turismos, sobre todo en
colectivos (bus, train, bike, metro)
Tiemp
In: en o durante partes del da, meses, aos: in the
o
morning,in the evening, in april, in 1998
At (introduce un trmino ms especfico): clock time,
momento determinado (final de pelcula, navidades,
Pascua), partes puntuales u horarias del da: at midday, at
night. Das de forma abstracta (at those days when I was
tired)
On: das (on Friday)
for
Preposicio
nes:

De: (clothes for men , ropa de hombre), (responsable for),

(they are agents for Ford, son agents de Ford), (demand for

what they produce, demanda de lo que produce)

Por: its famous for its farmers and its cheese
Para
Durante: for the last three years
at
Preposicio
nes:

Determina
nte:

Con: (he are very happy at the last news=con las noticias)
Por: (at the momento= por el momento)
En: (as at=como en, at all= en absoluto)
De: (at a glance= de un vistazo)
Por: (he was happy at just being alive= estaba contento solo
pore star vivo)
Hacia: (bird coming at us=pjaros viniendo hacia nosotros)
Junto a, cerca de: My dog always sits at my chair (mi perro
siempre se sienta junto/ cerca de mi silla)
Al (at midday)

DOS AND DONTS PART 2

Do read through the whole text before you fill in the gaps.
Do ask yourself what kind of word (adjective, noun, etc) is needed for each
gap.
Do look out for patterns you know, such as accuse of or succeed in
Do fill in the gaps you know to help you with the others you dont know
Dont make any spelling mistakes
Do read the whole sentence to give you the context for the gap
Read through the text again when you have filled all the gaps
Do make an educated guess if you are not sure
Do leave any gaps blank

Grammar focus. Tiempos verbales del pasado

(pistas subrayadas) http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html
1. G . This describes a single event completed in the past. I saw a
great programme about working on a newspaper last night
2. C. This describes a past habit. I walked to the underground every
morning when I worked in the center of London
3. A. This describes a past state. I knew nothing about being a vet
until I spent the summer on a farm
4. D. This describes something that happened before the past.
(segundo evento)They wanted me to go for an interview on Saturday,

but I (evento anterior al segundo o pasado) had already arranged

to play tennis
5. F. This describes something that happened at an indefinite time
in the past. I have been to Germany a couple of times, but I didnt
like it much
6. E. This describes an event in progress when another, shorter
event happened. When I arrived (shorter), the other workers were
discussing the new office rules
7. C. This describes a past habit. My mum used to travel to work
until she started to work by email from home
8. C. This describes a past habit. Dad (me llevara) would drive me to
school every morning on his way to work
9. B. This describes two events that were both in progress at the
same time. While I was working hard, the others in the office were
sitting around doing nothing
10.H. This describes something with duration that happened before
the past. I was (Segundo evento) tired because I (evento anterior al
Segundo o pasado, con duracin determinada) had been working
all the day.
PAST SIMPLE
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs,

or would + infinitivo

Single or one serie of event completed in the past (complemento de

tiempo: last night, last day)
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

Past state, indicando duracin en el pasado con alguna particular

(adverbio) (complementos: until I left school, while I was student)

Past habit (complement: every morning, when I went to school)

I studied French when I was a child
He played the violin

She worked at the movie theater after school

Generalizations quite similar to the expression "used to."

I lived in Brazil for two years.
Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.
They did not stay at the party the entire time.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
PAST PERFECT
[had + past participle]

Expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that
something happened before a specific time in the past.
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet
Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past,
but in the intermitent way.
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996

PRESENTE PERFECTO
[has/have + past participle]

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is
not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year
ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use
the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times,
before, so far, already, yet, etc.

I have seen that movie twenty times.

I think I have met him once before.

There have been many earthquakes in California.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

[had been + present participle + verb+ing]

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until
another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the
Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration
does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.

I had not been studying Turkish very long

PAST CONTINUOUS
[was/were + present participle]

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is
usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in
time.
I was watching TV when she called

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However,
you can also use a specific time as an interruption.
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.

USO 3: describes two events that were both in progress at the same time
While I was working hard, the others in the office were sitting around
doing nothing
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.ACTIVE

Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. PASSIVE

PAST CONTINUOUS VS. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English
speakers choose to use the Past Continuous rather than the Past Perfect Continuous. Be careful
because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Past Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions,
whereas Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the past. Study the
examples below to understand the difference.
Examples:

He was tired because he was exercising so hard.

THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE WAS EXERCISING AT THAT EXACT MOMENT.

He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.

THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE HAD BEEN EXERCISING OVER A PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS
POSSIBLE THAT HE WAS STILL EXERCISING AT THAT MOMENT OR THAT HE HAD JUST FINISHED.

TEMA 3
DOS AND DONTS PART 3
1. Do read the sentence you are given carefully.
2. Do read the words you are given on each side of the gap
3. Do ask yourself what they might be trying to test (indirect speech, the
passive voice, etc).
4. Dont change the key word you are given.
5. Dont use more than five words to complete the sentence.
6. Do remember that contractions (dont, wont, etc) count as the
same number of words as if they were written in full.
7. Do read the whole sentence again when you have chosen your
answer.
8. Dont write the whole sentence in the box on your answer sheet.
9. Do make an educated guess if you are not sure.
10.Dont leave any gaps blank.

THE PASSIVE VOICE

FORMA: APROPIATE TENSE OF BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PRESENTE SIMPLE: Most phone calls are made from mobile phones.
PRESENTE CONTINUOUS: Calls are being made every day (accin
repetitiva).
PAST CONTINUOUS: I thought I was being asked to help (estaba siendo
pedido para ayudar, accin corta producida en pasado).
PRESENT PERFECT: Millions of text messages have been sent. (an action
happened at an unspecified time before now)

PAST PERFECT: Once personal computers had been invented they

spread quickly (Completed Action Before Something in the Past).
FUTURE: Shell be given her own room.
FUTURE PERFECT: The arrangements will have been made by the
manager (accin que se completar en el future) The event is going to be
organized by the manager.
MODALS: Messages must not be delivered immediately. The machine
must have been left switched on.
GERUND (-ING FORM): Our dog doesnt like being left on his own.
PRESENT INFINITIVE: They hope to be chosen to take part.
PERFECT INFINITIVE: I was happy to have been selected for the team.
LET: be form + allowed + to + verb

EJERCICIO B
1. Pupils must wear a jacket at all times. (Modals) A jacket must have
been worn at all times.
2. Pupils should do their homework at home. (Modals) The homework
should have been done at home.
3. We expect pupils to be polite to teachers. (Presente infinitivo) Pupils
are expected to be polite to teachers.
4. We let you keep school books for one year. (LET--ALLOWED) You are
allowed to keep school books for one year.
5. You must pay all fees in advance. (MODAL) The fees must be paid in
advance.
6. Teachers will treat all pupils equally. (FUTURO SIMPLE) All pupils will
be treated equally by teachers.
7. Pupils may eat lunch in the school canteen. (MODAL) Luch may be
eaten for pupils in the school canteen.

CHANGE OF TENSE
Ver web: http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseintro.html
ESQUEMA RESUMEN:
PRESENTE:

USE 1 Repeated Actions

I play tennis.

USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

California is in America.
USE 3 Sheduled Events in the Near Future
The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) express the idea that an action is
happening or is not happening now
He doesnt need help now.
ACTIVE / PASIVE FORM
Once a week, Tom cleans the car / Once a week, the car is cleaned
by Tom.
PRESENTE CONTNUO:

USE 1 Action that is happening now.

They are reading their books.

USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now.

I am not studying to become a dentist.

USE 3 Near Future

I am meeting some friends after work.

USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with Always

She is always coming to class late.

 ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Right now, Tom is writing the letter / Right now, the letter is being
written by Tom
SIMPLE PAST

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

I saw a movie yesterday

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to
swim.

USE 3 Duration in Past

Shauna studied Japanese for five years. They sat at the beach all
day.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

I studied French when I was a child. He played the violin.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Tom repaired the car / The car was repaired by Tom.
PAST CONTINUOUS

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

I was wathching TV when she called.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinning.

In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action

began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the
action.
Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.

I STARTED EATING AT 6 PM.

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.

PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.

I STARTED EARLIER; AND AT 6 PM, I WAS IN THE

USE 3 Parallel Actions

I was studying while he was making dinner

USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with Always

She was always coming to class late.

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the
store / The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief
came into the store
PRESENT PERFECT

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

Nobody has ever climbed that mountain

(ver TOPICOS en la web)
USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

I have had a cold for two weeks. She has been in England for six
months
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Many tourists have visited that castle / that castle has been
visited by many tourists.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

They have been talking for the last hour.
She has been working at that company for three years.

USE 2 Recently, Lately

Recently, I have been feeling really tired.

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Recently, John has been doing the work / Recently, the work has been being done by John.

PRESENT PERFECT
USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in
with them in 1996.
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. /
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license

SIMPLE FUTURE

USE 1 Will to Express a Voluntary Action

I will send you the information when I get it

USE 2 Will to Express a Promise

I will call you when I arrive
USE 3 Be going to to Express a Plan
He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
USE 4 Will or Be going to to Express a Prediction
The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
John will finish the work by 5:00 pm. / The work will be finished by
5:00 PM.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Future

A longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future.

I will be watching TV when she arrives tonigh

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future

At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert

In the Simple Future, a specific time is used to show the time an action will begin or end. In the
Future Continuous, a specific time interrupts the action
Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to eat dinner

Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner

USE 3 Parallel Actions in the Future

Like all future tenses, the Future Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with time
expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of
Future Continuous, Present Continuous is used.

I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner

While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television
USE 4 Atmosphere in Future
When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes. ACTIVE

At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.PASSIVE

PAST WITH WOULD ALWAYS

USE 1 Habit in the Past

Like "used to" and Simple Past, "would always" expresses the idea that something was an old
habit which stopped in the past. It says that an action was often repeated in the past, but it is not
usually done now. Unlike "used to" and Simple Past, "would always" suggests that someone
willingly acted that way and sometimes expresses annoyance or amusement at the habit. It also
often suggests the habit was extreme. To express the opposite idea, we can say "would never" to
indicate that someone never did something in the past, but now they do.

She would always send me strange birthday gifts.

Sally would not always arrive early to class. She came late once or
twice.
"Would always" is not exactly the same as "used to" or the Simple Past. "Would always" cannot
be used to talk about past facts or generalizations. It can only be used for repeated actions

Sarah was shy, but now she is very outgoing. Correct

Sarah used to be shy, but now she is very outgoing. Correct
Sarah would always be shy, but now she is very outgoing. Not Correct
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
My mother would always make the pies. ACTIVE
The pies would always be made by my mother. PASSIVE
EJERCICIO C, CHANGES IN TENSE

Rewrite each of the following sentences using the tense and the key.
1. I first came to this school three years ago.
Attending (present perfect continuous)
I have been attending this school for 3 years ago.
2. John last visited his old teacher two years ago.
For (present perfect)
John havent visited his old teacher since two years ago for
for two years.
3. I havent had a music lesson for six months now.
Ago (past simple)
I last had a music lesson / My last music lesson was six
months ago.
4. Mr Platt started working as a teacher twenty years ago.
Been (present perfect continuous)
Ms Platt has have been working as a teacher for twenty.
5. The last exam I took was in December
Since (present perfect)
I havent had an exam since December
6. I started my homework at seven oclock
Since (present perfect continuous)
I have been doing my homework from 7 oclock.

D. CONDITIONALS AND UNLESS

1 c If our school had had more money last year, we would have gone on
more trips.
B Third conditional: hecho pasado que podra haber ocurrido pero no
ocurri, o viceversa. We didnt go on many trips in the past because our
school couldnt afford it.
2 f If our school has more money next year, we'll go on more trips.
C First conditional: Condicionante del presente o futuro para un hecho
possible o probable en el future.
We might go on more trips in the future, depending on how much money
the school has.
3 a Unless our school had so much money, we wouldn't go on so many
trips.

A Second conditional: hecho del presente contrario a lo que hubiera ocurrido

segn una suposicin. We go on lots of trips because our school is well off.
4 e If our school doesn't have so much money next year, we won't go on
so many trips.
E First conditional: Condicionante del presente o futuro para un hecho
possible o probable en el future. We might go on more trips in the future,
depending on how much Money the school has (tenga).
5 b If our school had more money, we would go on more trips.
D Second conditional: hecho del presente contrario a lo que hubiera ocurrido
segn una suposicin. We dont go on so many trips at the moment
because our school has little Money.
6 d Unless our school had had so much money, we wouldn't have gone
on so many trips.
F Third conditional: hecho pasado que podra haber ocurrido pero no ocurri,
o viceversa. We went on lots of trips in the past because our school had
lots of Money.
E Reported speech
1. Have you done your homework, Anna? her mother asked her. If
Annas mother asked Anna if she had done her homework. (present perfect
simple--past perfect simple)
2. You stole my school bag! Pamela shouted at Fiona. Of

Pamela accused Fiona of stealing her school bag. (past simple-- reporting
verb (verb+obj+prep+gerundio)
3. The school closed two years ago, Mrs Atkinson told me. For
Mrs Atkinson told me that the school have been closed for two years.
4. Im sorry I didnt come to your graduation, said my cousin. For
My cousin apologized for not coming (past simple-- reporting verb
(verb+obj+prep+gerundio)
5. Our English teacher asked, Whose pen is this? who
Our English teacher asked who the pen belonged to? (present--simple past)
6. It wasnt me who broke the window in the classroom, Sir, said Ali.
Breaking
Ali denied breaking the window in the classroom (past simplereporting
verb (verb+gerundio))
7. Do not forget your notebooks tomorrow, Mrs rogers told the class.
Not
Mrs Rogers told the class not to forgot their notebooks the following day
(presentereporting orders: (verb+obj+infinitive with to)