com
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CHEMISTRY
BLUE PRINT
S.NO
LESSONS
10
marks
marks
marks
marks
TOTAL
Atomic Structure
10
Periodic classification
09
P Block Elements
12
d Block Elements
18
f - Block Elements
07
11
Coordination
Components
Nuclear Chemistry
09
Solid State
09
Thermodynamics
10
10
Chemical equilibrium
10
11
Chemical Kinetics
12
12
Surface Chemistry
11
13
Electro Chemistry I
1(1)
14
14
Electro Chemistry II
10
15
08
16
Isomerism in Organic
Chemistry
Hydroxy Derivatives
12
17
Ethers
07
18
Carbonyl Compounds
14
19
Carboxylic Acids
14
20
11
21
Organic Nitrogen
Compounds
Bio molecules
07
22
Chemistry in Action
08
30
21
12
14
233
Total
We classify the learning capacity of categories. In the first category, this package is used for
scoring pass mark. In the second stage, it is used for scoring 80 marks, the third stage is used
for scoring 120 marks and the fourth stage ,they can able to get 150/150.
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Stage - I
TABLE 1
Lesson
No
5
Lesson
1 mark
3 Mark
5 Mark
10 Mark
Total
F block Elements
07
Nuclear Chemistry
09
Solid State
09
Thermodynamics
10
10
Chemical Equilibrium
10
22
Chemistry in Action
08
53
Total
Stage - II
TABLE 2
Lesson
Lesson
No
2
Periodic Classification
1 mark
3 Mark
5 Mark
10 Mark
Total
09
12
Surface Chemistry
11
17
Ethers
07
Total
27
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Stage III
TABLE 3
Lesson Lesson
No
1
Atomic Structure
1 mark
3 Mark
5 Mark
10 Mark
Total
10
d Block Elements
18
Coordination
Components
Electro Chemistry
11
10
14
49
Total
Lesson
1 mark
3 Mark
5 Mark
10 Mark
Total
P Block Elements
12
Hydroxy Derivatives
12
24
Total
NOTE
To score 150/150
Practice the units mentioned in the four tables .
Practice Book back one mark questions (self evaluation) for 19 units.
Practice the questions that where asked in the PTA guide as well as previous
year public question papers.
Practice for the chapters Hydroxy derivatives and d-block elements problems.
Practice for the chapters Electro chemistry Chemical kinetics and
Isomerism in organic chemistry
1.Based on the blue print Without
one mark lessons
2. Based on the blue print Without
three mark lessons
14,15,22
5,6,14,17,21
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Lesson 5 f Block Elements
5 marks questions ( Public Q.No : 54 )
1. What is Lanthanide contraction and causes?
(i) Lanthanide contraction :
The size of the M3+ions decreases from La to Lu is called Lanthanide
contraction.
(ii) Causes :
a) Imperfect shielding of 4f electrons
b) increase in nuclear charge causing contraction in electron cloud.
2. Discuss the consequences of Lanthanide contraction.
Consequences :
1) According to Fajans rule, in Ln(OH)3 the covalent character increases
between Ln3+ and OH- ions The order of size of Ln3+ ions are
La3+ > Ce3+ > Lu3+
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Uses of actinides :
(i) U-235 is used as fuel in nuclear power plant and as a component in nuclear
weapons.
(ii) Pu-238 used as a power source in long mission space probes
Lanthanides
+3
+2,+4
Actinides
+4
+2,+3,+5,+6
Lanthanides
Actinides
higher.
lower.
effect.
effect.
U+(Red)
Radioactive .
6. They do not form oxocations .
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Filtrate Containing
(Ln3+, Th4+ , H3O+, SO4 2- , HSO4-, H2PO4- )
Neutralised to
(or) added HF
proper acidity
Precipitate of Th3(PO4)4
(or) Precipitate Th
Filtrate containing
lanthanide and phosphate
ions
NaOH (or)
Oxalic acid
Lanthanide hydroxide (or) oxalate
Individual Lanthanides are separated by suitable physical methods.
Anhydrous fluorides and
Chlorides of lanthanides
individual metals
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Lesson 7
- NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
63
1
1
37
+2He4+400MeV 17Cl +141H +160n
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nucleus is unaffected.
Nuclear reactions
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14
Animals too consume C14 by eating plants, on death, organisms cease to take in
fresh carbonations. Carbon 14 begins to decay.
0
14
14
6C 7N + -1e
Half life period of C14 = 5700 years. Therefore by knowing either the amount of C14 or
the number of - particles emitted per minute per gram of carbon at the initial and
final stages, the age of carbon material can be determined by
2.303xt1/2
t=
0.693
Uses :
1. It is a great tool for correlating facts of historical importance
2. It is very useful in understanding the evolution of life and rise and fall of
civilizations
4. Write the medicinal uses of radioactive isotopes.(March -06)
S.No
Names
Uses
3
1
Tritium 1H
Measure water content of the body
2
Carbon - 11 6C11
Brain scan
Carbon - 14 6C14
Radio immunology
Iron - 59 26Fe59
Diagnosis of anemia
Cobalt - 60 27Co60
Treatment of cancer
10
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nuclear fission
A heavy nucleus splits in lighter nuclei
It does not require high temperature.
It is a chain reaction.
+
Deuterium
8. What is nuclear fission reaction?
3
1H
Tritium
4
1
2He +0n
+ Energy
Helium
Nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy nucleus breaks up into two
lighter nuclei of almost equal size with the release of an enormous amount of
Energy.
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The process is us usually accompanied by emission of neutrons. Example
92U
235
+ 0 n1
56Ba
141
Further, the neutrons released (say three) from the fission of first uranium
atomos can hit three other uranium atoms. In this way a chain reaction is set up
resulting into the liberation of an enormous amount of energy. In the case of nuclear
235
fission, 92U formed breaks up in several ways.
92U
235
+ 0 n1
92U
236
+ 36Kr93 + 30n1
144
+ 38Sr90 + 20n1
54Xe
144
+ 37Rb90 + 20n1
55Cs
56Ba
140
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
n is order of reflection
is the wave length of X-rays
d is the interplanar distance in the crystal
is the angle of reflection
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10. What is metal deficiency defect?
One of the positive ion is missing from its lattice site and the extra negative
charge is balanced by some nearby metal ion acquiring additional to charges instead
of one. This defect is known as metal deficiency defect.
Ex. FeO , FeS
11. Define : Super conducting transition temperature (Tc) (June 2007)
The super conduction Transition temperature (Tc) of a material is defined as a
critical temperature at which the resistivity of a material is suddenly changed to zero.
12. What are molecular crystals? Give an example.
1. The lattice points in molecular crystals consists of molecules which do not
carry any charge.
2. The forces binding the molecules together are of two types.
i) Dipole - dipole interaction Eg. Ice
ii) Vander Waals forces. Eg. All kind of molecular solids
13. Structure of CsCl-Explain.
Let us discuss the structure of CsCl for AB type. It is body centered cubic
system. The chloride ions are at the corners of a cube where as Cs+ ion is at the
centre of the cube or vice versa. Each Cs+ ion is connected with eight Cl- ion and Clis connected with eight Cs+ ions.
o Cs+
Cl-
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Na+ Missing
Cl - Missing
Frenkel defects
1. This defect arise when an ion occupies an interstitial position between the lattice
points.
2. This defect occurs generally in ionic crystals in which the size of anion is much larger
than the cation.
3. Frenkel Defect on a crystal.
4. The crystal remains neutral since the number of positive ions is the same as the
number of negative ions. Ex: AgBr.
3. Explain Braggs spectrometer method.
1. This method is one of the important method for studying crystals using x rays. The
apparatus consists of a x-ray tube from which a narrow beam of x-rays allowed to fall on
the crystal mounted on a rotating table.
2. The rotating table is provided with scale and vernier, from which the angle of
incidence can be measured.
3. An arm which is rotating about the same axis as the crystal table, carries an
ionisation chamber.
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4. The rays reflected from the crystal enter into the ionisation chamber and ionise the
gas present inside.
5. Due to ionisation current is produced which is measured by electrometer. The current
of ionisation is a direct measure of intensity of reflected beam from the crystal.
6. For different angles of incidence, the corresponding ionisation current is measured
from the electrometer. These values are plotted in the form of graph.
For sodium chloride, the maximum reflection or peaks for 100 plane occurred.
Sin
Ratio
5.9
11.85
18.15.
0.103
1
0.205
2
0.312
3
Four types :
1. Molecular Crystals
crystals
2. Covalent Crystals
Molecular Crystals
1. The lattice points in molecular crystals consists of molecules which do not carry any
charge.
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2. The forces binding the molecules together are of two types.
i) Dipole - dipole interaction Eg. Ice
ii) Vander Waals forces. Eg. All kind of molecular solids
Covalent Crystals
The lattice in covalent crystals consists of atoms linked together by a continuous
system of covalent bonds. Eg. diamond.
Metallic crystal
Metallic crystal consists of an assemblage of positive ions immersed in a sea of mobile
electrons.
Thus each electron belongs to a number of positive ions and each positive ion belong to a
number of electrons. The force that binds a metal ion to a number of electrons within its
sphere of influence is known as metallic bond. The Vanderwaals forces are more general and
occur in all kinds of molecular solids.
Ionic crystal
In ionic crystals the units occupying lattice points are positive and negative ions. Each
of a given sign is held by columbic forces of attraction to all ions of opposite sign. The forces
are very strong.
6. How are glasses formed? Explain the nature of glass.
When certain liquids are cooled rapidly there is no formation of crystals at a definite
temperature, such as occurring on slow cooling. The viscosity of the liquid increases steadily
and finally a glassy substance is formed.
Characteristics of glass :
i) The chief characteristics of glass are hardness, rigidity and ability to withstand shearing
stresses which are all properties of the solid state.
ii) Glasses are optically isotropic and on heating without any sharp transition passes into a
mobile liquid.
iii) At a high temperature glasses undergo phase transition when crystals separate first as they
do form super cooled liquid. Therefore glasses are regarded as amorphous solids or super
cooled liquids as well.
iv) Glassy or vitreous state is a condition in which certain substance can exit, lying between
the solid and liquid states.
Lesson 9
THERMODYNAMICS
3 Mark Question and Answer ( Public Q.No : 39 )
1. What is entropy? Give its unit.
Entropy is the ratio of the heat involved (q) to the temperature (T) of the process. S = q/T .
Unit of entropy is cal / degree / mole or eu/mole or J/K.
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2. What is Gibbs free energy (G)
G = (H-TS) , H- Enthalpy, S -Entropy and T- temperature of the system respectively.
3. Give Kelvin Planck statement second law of thermodynamics. (March 2007)
It is impossible to construct an engine which operated in a complete cycle will absorb heat
from a single body and convert it completely to work without leaving some change in the
working system
4. State Troutons rule.
The heat of vaporisation (Hvap ) in calories per mole divided by the boiling point of
the liquid in Kelvin is a constant equal to 21 cal.deg-1 mol-1
Svap = Hvap /Tb = 21 cal deg-1 mol-1
5. What kind of substances deviate from Troutons rule?
i) Low boiling liquids such as hydrogen and Helium which boil only a little above OK
ii) Polar substances like water, alcohol which form hydrogen bonded liquids and exhibit very
high boiling points as well as high Hvap .
iii) Liquids such as acetic acid whose molecules are partially associated in the vapour phase
and possess very low entropy vaporisation which is much less than 21 cals /mol/deg.
6. When does entropy increase in a process?
a) In a chemical reaction, when number of molecules of products are more than the
number of molecules of reactant entropy increases
b) In physical process when a solid changes to liquid, when a liquid changes to vapour and when
a solid changes to vapour, entropy increases.
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ii) It is impossible to transfer heat from a cold body to a hot body by a machine without
doing some work. This is called as the clausius statement of II law of thermodynamics.
iii) A process accompanied by increase in entropy tends to be spontaneous.
iv). Entropy is a measure of randomness or disorder of the molecules of a system.
v) Efficiency of a machine can never be cent percent.
vi) The heat Efficiency of any machine is given by the value of ratio of output to input
energies. Output can be in the form of any measurable energy or temperature change while
input can be in the form of heat energy or fuel amount which can be converted to heat energy.
% efficiency = input/output x 100
Process
S
Spontaneous
(+)ve
Equilibrium
0
Non-Spontaneous
(-)ve
8. The energy of the universe remains constant although the entropy of the universe tends to a
maximum.
9. Units of entropy: Unit of entropy is cal / degree / mole or eu/mole or J/K
10. S is related to H, for a reversible and isothermal process Srev = qrev/T .Since
H is the heat absorbed or evolved in the process at constant temperature and
pressure. S is also calculated from H as S=H/T
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3. Write characteristics of Free energy G.
1. Free energy is defined as G= H-TS. Since H and S are state functions,G is a state
function.
2. G is an extensive property. But G is the intensive property when mass remains
constant between initial and final states.
3. G has a single value for the thermodynamic state of the system.
4. G and G values corresponds to the system only.
5. There are three cases of G predicting the nature of process
Process
Spontaneous
Equilibrium
Non-Spontaneous
(-) ve
0
(+)ve
G
6. G = H TS. But according to I law of thermodynamics,
H = E + PV and
E = q w.
TS = q .
G = q w + PV q
G = w + PV
G = w - PV= Net Work
Lesson 10
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM II
3 Marks Questions and Answers ( Public Q.No: 40 )
1. What is Equilibrium constant?
The ratio of product of molar concentration of products to the product of molar
concentration of reactants at equilibrium.
a A+b B
c C+d D
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5. Dissociation of PCl 5 decreases in presence of Cl 2. Why?
[ PCl 3] [ Cl
Kc =
[ PCl 5 ]
If ng = 0
ng = (-)ve
ng = (+)ve
Kp = Kc
Kp < Kc
Kp > Kc
2. 2H2O
n
(g)
= (n
+ 2 Cl2 (g)
p
4HCl
(g)
+ O2 (g)
- n r)g = 5 - 4 = 1
CO2(g) + H2(g)
2 NO2(g)
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5 Marks Question and Answers : (Public Q.No : 57 )
1. Describe the synthesis of NH3 by Habers process.
Catalyst
Fe
% of NH3 formed
37%
The equilibrium conditions, steam is passed to remove away the ammonia as and when it is
formed so that the equilibrium remains shifted towards the product side.
2. Write synthesis of SO3 by Contact process.
Catalyst
V2 O5
% of SO3 formed
97%
SO3 from contact process along with steam is used in oleum and H2SO4 manufacturing
processes.
3. Derive the relation Kp = Kc (RT)ng for a general chemical equilibrium reaction.
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4. Derive the values of Kc and Kp for the synthesis of HI.
H2
a
x
I2
b
x
HI
0
-
(a-x)
(b-x)
2x
PCl5
a
x
(a-x)
PCl3
0
x
Cl2
0
x
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Lesson - 22
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION
3 Marks Question and Answers ( Public Q.No : 51 )
1. What are Anaesthetics? Give two examples.
The drugs which produce loss of sensation are called anaesthetics. They are two types.
(i) General anaesthetics are the agent, which bring about loss of all modalities of
sensation, particularly pain along with reversible loss of conciousness.
(ii) Local anaesthetics prevent the pain sensation in localised areas without affecting the
degree of consciousness
Example : Nitrous Oxide, Diethyl ether, chloroform
2. In what way Antipyretics are important?
1. Antipyretics are the compounds which are used for the purpose of reducing fever
2. lowering the body temperature to the normal
Ex. aspirin, antipyrine, phenacetin, and paracetamol.
3. What are antiseptic?
Antiseptic is a substance that rendors micro organisms innocuous by killing them or
preventing their growth.
Ex. Iodoform, 0.2 % solution of phenol .
4. Write a note on Antiprotozoals (or) Antimalarials.
1. Antiprotozoals are the chemical compounds used to cure malaria.
2. Extracts of certain plants, specially te roots and stems are extensively used as anti malarial.
Ex: Cinchona park which gives rise to quinine acts as anti malarial.
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5. What are analgesics? Give examples.
Analgesics are the compounds which relieve all sorts of pains without the loss of
consciouness.These are also called as pain killer or pain relivers Eg. Aspirin, Novalgin
6. What are antibiotics? Give example.
Antibotics are the chemicals present in the microorganism which inhabit the growth or
metabolism of some other microorganism. (e.g) Penicillins.
7. In what way antacids are important?
1. Antacids are drugs that provide relief from burning sensation caused by eating oily and
spicy food.
2. Antacids are the drugs used to rectify the imbalance in the acidity in the stomach.
Eg. Magnesium and Aluminium hydroxide
8. Write note on Antipasmodics.
1. Antipasmodics are used to relieve cramps, spasms of the stomach intestines and
bladder,
2. Some are used with antacid, in the treatment of peptic ulcer.
3. If prevent Nausea Vomiting and motion sickness.
Example : Anisotropine, Atropine
9. Why Iodo form and Phenolic Solutions are called antiseptics?
1. 0.2% solution of phenol and Iodo form are used as antiseptics.
2. Both are used to destroy the micro organism and so they are called antiseptics.
10. What is Food preservative? Give two examples.
A chemical substance which prevents the spoilage of food material by destroying the
food spoiling micro organism in it is called a food preservative.
e.g Sodium benzoate, Potassium meta bi sulphite
11. Write note on Anti oxidants.
1. The substances that act against oxidants are called antioxidants.
2. It protect us against cardio vascular disease, Cancer and cataract.
3. It act as radical inhibitors.
e.g. Vitamin C, Vitamin E, - carotene
12. How is Buna-S prepared?
Buna- s is a synthetic rubber obtained by the polymerization of butadiene and
styrene in the presence of sodium metal. Buna-S wear and tear. It is used to
manufacture of tyres and rubber tubes.
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13. How is Buna N prepared?
Buna-N is obtained as a result of copolymerisation of two parts of butadiene with
one part of acrylonitrile in the presence of sodium metal. Buna-N is hard and it used to
manufacture of storage tanks for the solvents.
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2. Chromogen
The compounds containing the chromophore group is called chromogen. The colour
intensity increases with the number of chromophores or the degree of conjugation.
It
It
It
It
should
should
should
should
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE II
1. Difference between a particle and wave.
PARTICLE
WAVE
1. A particles occupies a well defined 1. A wave is delocalized in space.
space.(i.e) a particle is localized in space
2. Particles do not interfere.
2. A wave interfere.
Bond Order
(Nb - Na ) =
2
(2-2 )
2
= 0
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7. Define; Hybridisation
Hybridization is the intermixing of the orbital of an atom having nearly the same
energy to give exactly equivalent orbital with same energy, identical shapes and symmetrical
orientations in space.
8. What is hydrogen bonding ?
Hydrogen bonding comes into existence as a result of dipole dipole interactions between
the molecule in which hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom.
9. Explain the conditions for the effective hydrogen bonding?
i) High electro negativity of the atom bonded to hydrogen atom so that bond is
sufficiently polar.
ii) Small size of the atom bonded to hydrogen so that it is able to attract the bonding
electron pair effectively.
Five mark questions
1. Discuss the Davisson and Germer experiment
Davisson and Germers Experiment
i) A beam of electrons obtained from a heated tungsten filament is accelerated by using a
high positive potential.
ii) When this fine beam of accelerated electron is allowed to fall on a large single crystal
of nickel, the electrons are scattered from the crystal in different directions.
iii) The diffraction pattern so obtained is similar to the diffraction pattern obtained by
Braggs experiment on diffraction of X-rays from a target in the same way
iv) Since X-rays have wave character, therefore, the electrons must also have wave
character associated with them,
v) The wave length of the electrons as determined by the diffraction experiments were
found
to
be
in
agreement
with
the
values
calculated
from
de-Broglie equation. From the above discussion, it is clear that an electron behaves as a
wave.
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3.Briefly explain Molecular Orbital Theory.
(i) In a molecule, electrons are present in new orbitals called molecular orbitals.
(ii) Molecular orbitals are formed by combination of atomic orbitals of equal energies or of
comparable energies
(iii) The number of molecular orbitals formed is equal to the number of atomic orbitals
undergoing combination.
(iv) Two atomic orbitals can combine to form two molecular orbitals. One of these two
molecular orbitals, one has a lower energy is called bonding molecular orbital and the
other with higher energy is called anti bonding molecular orbital.
(v) The shapes of molecular orbitals depend upon the shapes of combining atomic orbitals.
(vi) The bonding molecular orbitals are represented by (sigma), (pi), (delta) and the
antibonding molecular orbitals are represented by *, *, *
(vii) The molecular orbitals are filled in the increasing order of their energies, starting with
orbital of least energy. (Aufbau principle).
4. Explain the formation of Nitrogen molecule by molecular orbital theory.
Nitrogen atomic number: 7 , Electronic configuration: 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz1
Number of electron present in nitrogen molecule is 14
2
Nb Na 8 2
=
=3
2
2
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Chemical Kinetics
Three mark questions (Q.No 41 ,42)
1) Define rate Expression or Rate Law.
It equates the rate of the reaction to the product of its rate constant and and
concentrations of the reactants raised to certain exponential powers.
aA + bB products.
Rate = K[A]p[B]q
2) Define order of a reaction.
It is defined as the sum of the powers of the exponential powers to which each
concentration term is raised in the experimentally determined rate Law of a
chemical reaction.
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3) Write Note on Activation energy.
The additional energy required by the molecules to attain threshold energy, in
addition to the energy of colloidal molecule is called Activation energy.
Activation energy = Threshold energy Energy of colliding molecules.
4) Write the Arrhenius Equation and Explain the terms.
K=Ae-Ea/RT
K= rate constant Ea= activation energy A= frequency factor
R= gas constant. T= temperature in Kelvin.
He 4
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Complex Reactions
No side reaction
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12) What is Pseudo first order reactions? Give Example.
In a second order reaction, when one of the reactants concentration is taken in large
Excess, than the reaction follows first order kinetics and this reaction is known as Pseudo
first order reaction.
Ex: Acid hydrolysis of ester.
Excess
13) State the characteristics of order of a reaction
i) The magnitude of order of a reaction may be Zero, (or) fractional (or) integral values
ii) It should be determined only by Experiments
iii) Some reactions show fractional order depending on rate
d- Block Elements
ii)
Presence of vacant (n-1)d orbitals which accept lone pair of electrons from
the ligands for bonding with them.
ii)
The energies of (n-1)d and ns orbitals are fairly close to each other.
ii)
The energy gap between d- subshells is very small. Hence very small amount
of energy is required for electrons to excit from one energy level to other.
iii)
The visible light can provide the small amount of energy and the colour
observed corresponds to the complementary colour of the light observed.
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5) What is spitting of silver and how is it prevented?
Molten silver absorbs about twenty times its volume of oxygen which it again
expels on cooling globules of silver are thrown off. This is called spitting of silver.
This can be prevented by layer of charcoal.
6) Explain chromyl chloride test with equations.
When a chloride salt is treated with K2Cr2O7 and conc. H2SO4 orange red vapours of
chromyl chloride are evolved.
K2Cr2O7+4KCl+6H2SO4
2CrO2Cl2+6KHSO4+3H2O
Cu(OH)2 .CuCO3
11) How does Zinc react will dil HNO3 and very dilute HNO3
4Zn+10 HNO3
(dilute)
4Zn+10 HNO3
(very dilute)
4Zn(NO3)2
+NH4NO3 +3H2O
Zinc nitrate ammonium nitrate.
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13) Write the reaction of gold with aqua regia.
Aqua regia : 3 times of cone HCl + 1 time of con.HNO3
2Au +9HCl +3HNO3
2AuCl3 + 3NOCl + 6H2O
Auric chloride nitrosyl.
14) Explain the oxidizing property of K2Cr2O7
K2Cr2O7 oxidising ferrous to ferric salt.
K2SO4+Cr2(SO4)3+3Fe2(SO4)3+7H2O
K2Cr2O7+7H2SO4+6FeSO4
15) What is meant by Blue vitriol and how is it prepared?
Blue vitriol is CuSO4.5H2O
Preparation
CuO + H2SO4
CuSO4 + H2O
Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4
CuSO4 + 2H2O
Cu CO3 + H2SO4
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19) How is purple of cassius prepared?
It is prepared by mixing gold chloride with stannous chloride.
2AuCl3 + 3SnCl2
2Au + 3SnCl4
The precipitated gold is absorbed by stannic hydroxide formed by the hydrolysis of SnCl4
SnCl4+4H2O
Sn(OH)4+4HCl
Potassium dichromate
potassium chromate
Potassium dichromate
potassium chromate
21) Write the reason for the catalytic properties of d-block elements.
* The d-block elements show variable oxidation states and hence they can form
intermediate products with various reactants.
* They are capable of forming interstitial compounds which can adsorb and activate the
reacting species.
Eg. Fe/Mo for Haber process
V2O5 for contact process
22) Write the alloys of copper and their uses.
* Brass Cu=60 -80% Zn= 20-40% for making utensils condenser tubes, wires
* Bronze Cu=75-90% Sn=10-25% for making cooking utensils, statues, coins,
* Gun metal Cu =87% Sn=10% Zn=3% for making gun barrels, gears, castings etc.
23) What is calamine ? How is it prepared?
Zinc carbonate is called as calamine. It is prepared from NaHCO3 and ZnSO4
ZnSO4 + 2NaHCO3
ZnCO3 +Na2SO4+H2O+CO2
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5 Marks (Q.No : 53)
1) Briefly explain the extraction of Zinc from Zinc blende
Reduction : Zinc oxide is mixed with coke and heated to 1673 k, zinc oxide is
reduced to zinc.
Electrolytic refining :
Anode : Impure Zinc
Cathode : Pure Zinc
Electrolyte : ZnSO4+dit . H2SO4
On passing electric current , pure zinc gets deposited in the cathode.
2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Ag2S
The solution containing sodium argento cyanide is filtered and filtrate is treated
with Zn dust, silver gets precipitated.
2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Zn
2Ag + Na2[Zn(CN)4]
Electrolysis :
Anode : Impure Silver
Cathode : pure silver
Eletrolyte : AgNO3+1% HNO3
On passing electric current , pure silver gets deposited at the cathode.
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3) Explain how gold is extracted from its alluvial gravels.
Imporant ore : Alluvial sand or gravel
mac Arthur Forrest cyanide process.
Crushing and concentration : Ore is crushed and concentrated by froth
floatation process.
Roasting : The concentrated ore is roasted in excess of air when impurities
are oxidized and escape as their oxides.
It is then treated with 0.5% KCN in presence air for 24 hrs, Soluble potassium
aurocyanide is formed.
The above solution is filtered and treated with zinc dust, gold gets
precipitated.
Electrolysis :
Anode : Impure Au
Cathode : pure Au
Eletrolysis : AuCl3+10-12% HCl
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The silver is purified by fusion with Borax and followed by electrolytic purification.
Secondary valency
It denotes co-ordination No of the metal ion
Non ionisable valency
It is satisfied by either Negative ions or
neutral molecules. They are called ligands .
Directional in nature
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Ligands have unshared pair of electrons. These unshared pair of electrons are donated to
central metal ion or atom in a compound such compounds are called co-ordination
compounds.
2) Explain the postulates of valency bond Theory
i)
The central metal atom or ion makes available a number of vacant orbitals equal to its
co-ordination number.
ii)
A covalent bond is formed by the overlap of a vacant metal orbital and filled ligand
orbital.
iii)
iv)
A strong covalent bond is formed only when the orbitals overlap to the maximum
extent.
v)
This maximum overlapping is possible only when the metal vacant orders under so a
process called hybridization.
vi)
Hybridisation
SP
SP3
Geomentry
Linear
Tetrahedral
3) For the complexes mention a) Central metal ion b) ligand C) IUPAC Name
d) Co-Ordination No E) Coordination sphere f) Charge on the Coordination sphere
Complex
Central metal ion
Ligand
Oxidatation state of
central metal ion
Co ordination No
ICPAC Name
Co Ordination sphere
Charge on the
Co Ordination sphere
K4[Fe(CN)6]
K3[Fe(CN)6]
[Cu(NH3)4]SO4
Fe(II)
Cyano
Fe(III)
Cyano
Cu(II)
Ammine
+2
+3
+2
Potassium hexa
cyano Ferrate (III)
Tetra ammine
Copper (II)
Sulphate
[Fe(CN)6]4-
[Fe(CN)6]3-
[Cu(NH3)4]2+
4-
3-
2+
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4) Explain the isomerism Exhibited by co ordination compounds with Example.
Co-ordination isomerism : In a bimetallic complex, the distribution of ligands between two
co-ordination spheres can vary, giving rise to isomers called the co-ordination isomers.
Eg. [CoIII(NH3)6] [CrIII(CN)6] and [CrIII(NH3)6] [CoIII(CN)6]
Ionisation isomerism : co ordination compounds having the same molecular formula but
forming different ions in solution are called ionization isomers.
Eg. [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 and [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br
Red violet isomer
Red isomer
5) Hydrate isomerism :
This type of isomerism occurs for chromium chloride. CrCl3.6H20 which may contain 4,5,
or 6 co ordinate molecules.
Eg. [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O - Bright green
[Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O Gray green and
[Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 - violet
Likage isomerism : It occurs with ambidentate lignds which are capable of co ordinating in
more than one way.
Eg.
[Co(NH3)5ONO]Cl2 - red colour nitrito isomer
[Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl2 - yellow colour nitro isomer
Ligand isomerism : It arises from the presence of ligand which can adopt different isomeric
forms.
Ex. Diaminopropane.
H2N CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2
H2N CH2-CH-CH3
1,3 diaminopropane
1,2 diaminopropane
6) Mention the type of hybridization and magnetic property of the following complexes
using VB Theory.
(i)
[Ni(CN)4]2-
Electronic configuration of
Ni atom
3d84s2
3d84s2
Electronic configuration of
Ni 2+ ion
3d8
3d8
Weak ligand
Strong ligand
It forces the
unpaired
electrons to pair
up
Nature of ligand
Ligand
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Magnetic moment
2.83BM
Magnetic property
Hybridization
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
sp3
dsp2
Tetrahedral
Square planar
Shape
7) Mention the type of hybridization and magnetic property of the following complex using
VB
theory.
i)[FeF6]4- ii) [Fe(CN)6]4[FeF6]4-
[Fe(CN)6]4-
Electronic configuration of
Fe atom
3d64s2
3d64s2
Electronic configuration of
Fe 2+ ion
3d6
3d6
Weak ligand
It does not force the
unpaired electron to
pair up.
4
4.90BM
Paramagnetic
Strong ligand
It forces the unpaired
electrons to pair up
sp3 d2
d2sp3
Octahedral
Octahedral
Nature of ligand
Ligand
Shape
0
0
Diamagnetic
ii)
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iii)
iv)
v)
The conversion of atmospheric CO2 and atmospheric moisture into carbohydrate and
molecular oxygen in the presence of sunlight, by the plant is called photo synthesis.
vi)
vii)
Chlorophyll helps in the conversion of atmosphere CO2 into moleculer oxygen which
acts as a fuel for human cell.
10) For the complex K3[Cr(C2O4)3]3H20 mention 1) Name b) central metal ion
c) ligands d) Co-ordination No. e) Geometry
a) Name
: potassium tris (oxalat) chromate III trihydrate
b) Central metal ion
: Cr
3+
(Chromium ion)
c) ligand
:
(cyano)
d) Co ordination Number : 6
e) Geometry
: octahedral
17 Ethers
1) What are Ethers? How are they classified?
Ethers are compound where oxygen atom is linked to both sides by either saturated,
unsaturated (or) Aromatic Carbon. R-O-R
Simple Ether : It two alkyl groups attached to the oxygen atom are same then it is called
simple Ether.
Ex: diethyl ether
Mixed Ether : It the two alkyl groups attached to the oxygen atom are different , then it is
called mixed Ether Ex: Ethyl methyl Ether
2) Explain the isomerism exhibited by Ethers (or) write all the possible isomers for C4H10O
i) Functional isomerism
Compounds having same molecular formula but different functional group are called
functional isomerism
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ii) Metamerism :
Compounds having same molecular formula and same functional group but different alkyl
groups attached to
iii) C2 H 5 I
Ethyl idodide
Ag 2O + C2H 5I
Dry silver oxide
C2 H5 O- C2 H5 + 2AgI
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4)
What is the action of ethyl methyl Ether with (i) HI (ii) Excess HI
Halogen prefers to attack the carbon atom of the smaller alkyl group.
Uses : Zeisels method of detection and estimation of alkoxy (especially methoxy) group in
alkaloids
5) What is the action of diethyl ether with the following ?
a) O2 /long contact b) HI c) Excess HI
O
a) C2H5-O-C2H5
(o)
C2H5OC2H5
(Diethyl peroxide)
(Decomposes violently with explosion on heating)
b) C2H5-O-C2H5 + HI C2H5OH + C2H5 I
Diethyl Ether
Ethylalcohol Ethyl iodide
c) C2H5-O-C2H5 + 2HI
2C2H5I + H2O
Excess
6) What is the action of diethyl ether with the following?
a) dil H2SO4 B) conc H2SO4 C) Cl2
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7) What is the action of diethyl ether with the following?
b)conc HCl
a)PCl5
c)BF3
d)CH3MgI
methyl iodide
+ CH2N2
+ NaI
Anisole
C6H5OCH3 + N2
diazo methane
C6 H5OCH3
Dimethyl sulphate
C6H5OCH3 + CH3HSO4
Methyl hydrogen sulphate
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10)What is the action of anisole with the following
12) Distinguish Aromatic Ether & Aliphatic Ether (or) Distinguish Anisole and diethyl ether
Aromatic Ether (Anisole)
High boiling liquid
Used in perfumery
Not used as solvent
Cannot be used as a substitute for petrol
With nitrating mixture forms nitro anisole
Does not form peroxide easily
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Isomerism in organic chemistry
3 Mark Questions (Question No : 45)
1) Differentiate diastereomer from enantiomer
Enantiomer
Optical isomers having the same magnitude
but different sign of optical rotation
They have non-super imposable object
mirror-image relationship
Enantiomers are identical in all properties
except the sign of optical rotation
Separation of enantiomer is tedious
Diastereomer
Differ in the magnitude of optical
rotation
They are not having mirror image
relationship
Diastereomers differ in all physical
properties
Separation of diastereomer is easy
HOOC
C6H5
C
H
Z-FORM
COOH
E-FORM
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6) Explain geometrical isomerism with Example
(Cis-Trans isomerism)
Isomerism that arises out of difference in the spatial arrangements of atoms or groups about the
doubly bonded carbon atoms is called geometrical isomerism.
Cis
In a carbon carbon double bond same groups are attached in same side then it is called cis
isomerism
Trans
In a carbon carbon double bond same groups are attached in different side then it is called trans
isomerism
Cis 2-butene
trans 2-butene
Similar groups
Chemical properties
Physical properties
stearic hinderance
Energy
Reactivity
stability
Cis isomer
Lie on the same side
similar
different
Exist
High
High
low
Trans isomer
Lie in the opposite direction
similar
different
Does not exist
Low
Low
high
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iii)Meso tartaric acid :
a)The molecule has a plane of symmetry which divides the molecule into two equal halves.
b)One asymmetric carbon is dextro-rotatory and other is leavorotatory as a result the
isomer is optically in active.
c)It is due to internal compensation.
iv) Racemic mixture :
When equal amounts of d and l isomers are mixed the mixture is called Racemic mixyure.
In this mixture the rotation of d-isomer is compensated by rotation of l-isomer . So
it becomes optically inactive
It is due to external compensation
d- tartaric acid
Mirror
l-tartaric acid
Mesotartaric acid
d-lactic acid
mirror
l-lactic acid
i)d Lactic acid : It rotates the planepolarised light towards clockwise direction(right)
So it is dextro rotatory
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ii)l-Lactic acid : It rotates the plane polarized light towards anti-clockwise( left)
So it is leavo rotatary
d and l Lactic acis are called enantiomers because they differ only in the sign of rotation
iii)Racemic mixture : When equal amounts of d and l isomers are mixed the mixture is called
Racemic mixture
The rotation of d isomer is compensated by rotation of l-isomer so it is optically inactive. It is
due to external compensation.
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4) Pick the correct statement
Ans: carbon having more nuclear charge than boron
5. Comparing the ionisation energy of fluorine with carbon, fluorine has
Ans: higher ionisation energy
6. Among the following which has the maximum ionisation energy
Ans: Nobel gases
7. The electron affinity of an atom
Ans: inversely proportional to its size
8. Among the following which has higher electron affinity value
Ans: Chlorine
9. The scale which is based on an empirical relation between the energy of a bond
and the electro negativities of bonded atoms is
Ans: Pauling scale
10. Electron affinity is expressed in
Ans: KJmol -1
11. The bond length of Cl2 molecule is
Ans: 1.98A 0
12. The order of ionisation energy
Ans: s>p>d>f
13. Across the period electron affinity
Ans: increases
14. Noble gases, have ______ electron affinity.
Ans: zero
15. When XA>> XB, A - B bond is
Ans: Ionic
3 P- Block elements ( 1 x 1 = 1 )
1. Which of the following does not belong to group -13
Ans: Ge
2. Which of the following is most abundant in earths crust?
Ans: Si
3. An element which was burnt in limited supply of air to give oxide A which on
treatment with water gives an acid B acid B on heating gives acid C which gives
yellow precipitate with AgNO3 solution A is
Ans: P2O3
4. The compound with garlic odour is
Ans: P2O3
5. The shape of PCl5 is
Ans: trigonal bipyramidal
6. The compound used as smoke screen
Ans: PH3
7. Which shows only - 1 oxidation state?
Ans: Fluorine
8. One can draw the map of building on a glass plate by
Ans: HF
9. Among the halogen acid, the weakest acid is
Ans: HF
10. Halogens belongs to the group number
Ans: 17
11. The noble gas are un reactive because they
Ans: have stable electronic configuration
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12. The shape of XeF4 is
Ans: square planner
13. Which is not known?
Ans: ArF6
14. The lightest gas which is non - inflammable is
Ans: He
1 5.Which of the following has highest first ionisation energy?
Ans: He
4. d. Block elements ( 2 x 1 = 2 )
1. The general electronic configuration of d- block elements is
Ans: (n-1) d 1-10 ns 1-2
2. Formation of coloured ions is possible when compounds contain
Ans: unpaired electrons
3. Paramagnetism is common in
Ans: d-block elements
4. The colour of [Ti(H2O)6]3+ion to
Ans: d-d transition
5. The electronic configuration of chromium is
Ans: 3d 54s 1
6. Paramagnetism is a property of
Ans: unpaired electrons
7. d - block elements formed coloured ions because
Ans; They absorb some energy for d-d transition
8. The correct electronic configuration of copper atom is
Ans; 3d 10 4s 1
9. Copper is extracted from
Ans: copper pyrites
10. Silver salt used in photography is
Ans: AgBr
11. Sodium thiosulphate is used in photography because of its
Ans: complexing behaviour
12. Excess of sodium hydroxide reacts with zinc to form
Ans: Na2ZnO2
13.Which of the following compounds will not give positive chromyl chloride test?
Ans: C6H5Cl
14. Which of the ions will give colourless aqueous solution ?
Ans: Cu +
15. Which of the following compounds is not coloured?
Ans: NaCd I4
16. In the extraction of cu, the reaction which does not takes place in the Bessemer
converter is
Ans: 2CuFeS2 O2Cu 2S + 2FeS+ SO2
17. Select the wrong statement
Ans: All cuprous salts are blue in colour
18. Choose the wrong statement regarding K2Cr2O7
Ans: It reduces ferric sulphate to ferrous sulphate
19. For a transition metal ion the effective magnetic moment in BM is given by the
formula
Ans:
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20. Which compound is formed when excess of KCN is added to an aqueous
solution of copper sulphate
Ans: Cu 2(CN)2 +(CN)2
21. Which of the following has maximum no of unpaired electrons?
Ans: Mn 2 +
22. Among the following statement , the incorrect one is
Ans : Argentite and cuprite are oxides.
23. The chemical composition of slag formed during the smelting process in the
extraction of copper
Ans: FeSiO3
24. The transition element with the lowest atomic number is
Ans: Scandium
25. Which transition element shows highest oxidation state
Ans: Os
26. The Correct statement in respect of d- block element is
a) They are all metals.
b) They show variable valency
c) They form coloured icons and complex salts
d) All the above statement are correct
5 F- Block elements ( 2 x 1 = 2 )
1. The electronic configuration of Lanthanides is
Ans: [Xe] 4f 1-145d 16S2
2. The electronic configuration of actinides is
Ans: [Rn]5f 0-14 6d 0-2 7S2
3. The lanthanide is responsible for the fact that
Ans: Zr and Hf have about the same radius
4. The most common oxidation state of lanthanides
Ans: +3
5. Lanthanides are extracted from
Ans: monazite
6. The elements in which the extra electron enters (n-2)f orbitals are called
Ans: f- block elements
7. The Lanthanides contraction is due to
Ans: imperfect shielding of 4f electron
8. Ceria used in
Ans: gas lamp materials
9. --------- is used in gas lamp material.
Ans: CeO2
10. Alloys of Lanthanides are called as
Ans: mish - metals
11. Metallo thermic process involving lanthanides are called as
Ans: Lanthanido thermic process
12. --------- form oxocations.
Ans: actinides
13. Maximum oxidation state exhibited by lanthanides is
Ans: +4
14. Lanthanides are separated by
Ans: fractional crystallisation
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6. Co - ordination compounds ( 1 x 1 = 1 )
1. Which is a double salt?
Ans: K 2SO4 Al 2(SO4)3 .24H20.
2. An example of a complex compound having co-ordination number 4
Ans: [Cu(NH3)4]Cl 2
3. The geometry of (Cu NH3)4]2+ complex ion
Ans: square planar
4. An example of a chelating ligand is
Ans: en
5. The geometry of complex ion [Fe(CN)6]4- is
Ans: octahedral
6. The oxidation number of nickel in the complex ion, [NiCl4]2- is
Ans: +2
7. Which is not an anionic complex?
Ans: [Cu(NH3)4] Cl 2
8. The geometry of [Ni (CN)4]2- is
Ans: square planar
9. An example of ambidentate ligand is
Ans: NO210. [FeF6]4- is paramagnetic because
Ans: F- is a weaker ligand
11. In [FeII (CN)6]4- the central metal ion is
Ans: Fe2+
12. The coordination number of Ni(II) in [Ni(CN)4]2- is
Ans: 4
13. The name of [ptIV (NH3)2Cl2]2+
Ans: Diammine dichloroplatinum (IV) ion
14. For a compound K4[Fe(CN)6] 4K-+ [Fe(CN)6]4- the complex ion is
Ans: [Fe(CN)6] 415. A metal ion form the first transition series forms an octahedral complex with
magnetic moment of 4.9 BM and another octahedral complex which is diamagnetic
The metal ion is
Ans: Fe2+
16. Paramagnetic moment is expressed in
Ans: BM
17. The type of isomerism found in the complexes [Co(NO2)(NH3)5] SO4 and
[Co(SO4)(NH3)5] NO2
Ans: ionisation isomerism
18. Valence bond theory doesnt explain the property of complex compounds
Ans: magnetic
7. Nuclear chemistry ( 1 x 1 = 1 )
1. The phenomenon of radio activity was discovered by
Ans: Henry Becquarrel
2. The most penetrating radiations are
ns: rays
3. In the nuclear reaction 92U238 82Pb206, the number of & particles emitted are
Ans: 8, 6
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4. Which one of the following particles is used to bombard 13 Al 27 to give to give
30
15 P and a neutron
Ans: particle
5. The reaction 5B8 4Be8 takes place due to
Ans: positron decay
6. Radio activity is due to
Ans: un stable nucleus
7. In the following radio active decay 92 X232 89Y220 how many and particles are
Ans: 3 , 3
ejected
235
8. 92 U nucles absorbs a neutron and disintegrates into 54 Xe139, 38 Sr94and X . What
will be the product?
Ans: 3 neutrons
9. Loss of particle is equivalent to
a) increase of proton only b) decrease of one neutron only c) both a & b
10. Which of the following is used as neutron absorber in the nuclear reactor?
Ans: cadmium.
8. Solid State ( 1 x 1 = 1)
1. The number of chloride ions that surrounds the central Na+ ion in NaCl crystal is
______.
Ans: 6
2. The Braggs equation is ________.
Ans: n = 2d sin
3. A regular three dimensional arrangement of identical points in space is called
________.
Ans: space lattice
4. The smallest repeating unit in space lattice which when repeated over and again
results in the crystal of the given substance is called ________.
Ans: unit cell
5. The crystal structure of CsCl is ________.
Ans: Body - centred cubic
6. An example for frenkel defect is _________.
Ans: Agcl
7. Semi conductors which exhibit conductivity due to the flow of excess negative
electron are called ________.
Ans: n-type semi conductors
8. In the Braggs equation for diffraction of x-ray n represents _______.
Ans: Order of reflection
9. The number of close neighbors in a body centred cubic lattice of identical spheres
is __________.
Ans: 8
10. The crystals which are good conductors of electricity and heat are _________.
Ans: Metallic crystals
11. In a simple cubic cell, each point on a corner is shared by __________.
Ans: 8 unit cell
12. The ability of certain ultra cold substances to conduct electricity without
resistance is called _____.
Ans: super conductor
13. The total number of atoms per unit cell in bcc is
Ans: 2
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14. Rutile is
Ans: TiO2
15. Semi conductors are used as
a) rectifiers b) transistors c) solar cells d) all the above
16. An example of metal deficiency defect.
Ans: FeS
9. Thermodynamics ( 2 x 1 = 2 )
1. The amount of heat exchanged with the surrounding at constant temperature and
pressure is called
Ans: H
2. All the naturally occurring processes proceed spontaneously in a direction which
leads to
Ans: decrease of free energy.
3. In an adiabatic process which of the following is true?
Ans: q = 0
4. When a liquid boils, there is
Ans: an increase in entropy
5. If G for a reaction is negative, the change is
Ans: Spontaneous
6. Which of the following does not result in an increase in the entropy?
Ans: crystallisation of Sucrose from solution
7. In which of the following process, the process is always non-feasible?
Ans: H>O, S<O
8. Change in Gibbs free energy is given by
Ans: G=H-TS
9. For the reaction 2Cl(g) Cl2(g)the Signs of H and S respectively are ________.
Ans: - , -
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7. An equilibrium reaction is endothermic if K1 and K2 are the equilibrium
constants at T1 and T2 temperatures respectively and if T2 is greater than T1
then
Ans: K1 is less than K2
11.Chemical kinetics ( 1 x 1 = 1 )
1. Hydrolysis of an ester by dilute HCl is an example for
Ans: pseudo first order reaction
2. The unit of zero order rate constant is
Ans: (b) mol litre-1 sec-1
3. The excess energy which a molecule must posses to become active is
known as
Ans: activation energy
4. Arrhenius equation is
Ans: k = AeEa/RT
5. The term A in Arrhenius equation is called as
Ans: Frequency factor
6. The sum of the powers of the concentration terms that occur in the rate
equation is called
Ans: order
7. Reactions in which the reacting molecules react in more than one way
yielding different set of products are called
Ans: parallel reactions
8. The half life period of a first order reaction is 10 minutes. Then its rate
constant is
Ans 6.932 102 .min1
9. For a reaction : aA bB, the rate of reaction is doubled when the
concentration of A is increased by four times. The rate of reaction is
equal to
Ans: k [A]
10. 2N2O5
dt
d [NO2 ] = k2 [N2O5] and d[O2] = k3 [N2O5], the relation between k1, k2 and k3 is
dt
dt
Ans:2k1 = k2 = 4k3
11. For a reaction, Ea = 0 and k = 4.2 105sec-1 at 300K, the value of k at
310K will be
Ans:4.2 105 sec1
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4. The phenomenon of Tyndalls effect is not observed in
Ans true solution
5. The Tyndalls effect associated with colloidal particles is due to
Ans: scattering of light
6. In case of physical adsorption, there is desorption when
Ans: temperature increases
7. Colloidal medicines are more effective because
Ans: they are easily assimilated and adsorbed
8. Oil soluble dye is mixed with emulsion and emulsion remains colourless
then, the emulsion is Ans: O/W
9. For selective hydrogenation of alkynes into alkene the catalyst used is
Ans: Pd, partially inactivated by quinoline
10. For chemisorptions, which is wrong
Ans: it forms multi molecular layers on adsorbate
11. An emulsion is a colloidal solution of
Ans: two liquids
12. Colloids are purified by
Ans: dialysis
13.Electro chemistry I ( 1 x 1 = 1)
1. The process in which chemical change occurs on passing electricity is termed as ...............
Ans: electrolysis
2. The laws of electrolysis were enunciated first by ...............
Ans: Faraday
3. When one coulomb of electricity is passed through an electrolytic solution, the mass
deposited on the electrode is equal to ...............
Ans: electrochemical equivalent
4. Faradays laws of electrolysis are related to ...............
Ans: equivalent weight of the electrolyte
5. The specific conductance of a 0.01 M solution of KCl is 0.0014 ohm-1 cm-1at 25oC.
Its equivalent conductance is ...............
Ans: 140 ohm1 cm2 eq1
6. The equivalent conductivity of CH3COOH at 25oC is 80 ohm-1 cm2 eq-1 and at infinite
dilution 400 ohm-1 cm2 eq-1. The degree of dissociation of CH3COOH is ...............
Ans: 0.2
7. When sodium acetate is added to acetic acid, the degree of ionisation of acetic acid
...............
Ans: decreases
8. NH4OH is a weak base because ...............
Ans: it is only partially ionised
9. Which one of the following formulae represents Ostwalds dilution law for a binary
electrolyte whose degree of dissociation is and concentration C .
Ans: K = 2 C
(1)
10. Ostwalds dilution law is applicable in the case of the solution of ...............
Ans: CH3COOH
11. Which one of the following relationship is correct ?
Ans:
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12. When 10-6mole of a monobasic strong acid is dissolved in one litre of solvent, the pH of
the solution is ..............
Ans: 6
13. When pH of a solution is 2, the hydrogen ion concentration in moles litre-1 is .............
Ans: 1 10-2
14. The pH of a solution containing 0.1 N NaOH solution is ..........
Ans: 13
15. A solution which is resistant to changes of pH on addition of small amounts of an acid or
a base is known as .............
Ans: buffer solution
16. The hydrogen ion concentration of a buffer solution consisting of a weak acid and its salt
is given by .............
Ans [H+] = Ka [ Acid]
[Salt]
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12. The most unlikely representation of resonance structures of p-nitrophenoxide ion is
Ans
17 Ethers ( 2 x 1 = 2 )
1. The isomerism exhibited by C2H5OC2H5 and CH3 O CH CH3 is
|
CH3
Ans: metamerism
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2. Which one of the following is simple ether ?
Ans : C2H5 O C2H5
3. Diethyl ether can be decomposed with
Ans : HI
4. Oxygen atom of ether is
Ans : Comparatively inert
5. According to Lewis concept of acids and bases, ethers are
Ans : Basic
6. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are not present in
Ans : C2H5OC2H5
7. When ethyl Iodide is treated with dry silver oxide it forms
Ans : diethylether
8. Williamson's synthesis is an example of
Ans : Nucleophilic substitution reaction
9. When ether is exposed to air for sometime an explosive substance
produced is
Ans : peroxide
10. Ether is formed when alkyl halide is treated with sodium alkoxide. This
method is known as
Ans : Williamson's synthesis
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13. During reduction of aldehydes with hydrazine and C2H5ONa the product
formed is
Ans : RCH3
14. Aldol is
Ans : 3-hydroxy butanal
15. In the reduction of acetaldehyde using LiAlH4 the hydride ion acts as
Ans : nucleophile
16. Which of the following statement is wrong ?
Ans : aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic substitution
17. A cyanohydrin of a compound X on hydrolysis gives lactic acid. The X is
Ans : CH3CHO
18. The IUPAC name of CH3 C = CH C CH3 is
|
||
CH3
Ans : 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one
19. Which of the following does not give iodoform test ?
Ans : benzophenone
20. The compound which does not reduce Fehling solution is
Ans : benzaldehyde
21.CH3COCH3 Conc. H2SO4 The product is
Ans : mesitylene
22. Which compound on strong oxidation gives propionic acid ?
Ans : CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
23. The compound used in the preparation of the tranquilizer, sulphonal is
Ans : acetone
24. Calcium acetate + calcium benzoate distillation gives
Ans : acetophenone
25. Bakelite is a product of reaction between
Ans : phenol and methanal
19.Carboxlic acids ( 1 x 1 = 1)
1. Which of the following is least acidic
Ans : C2H5OH
2. Weakest acid among the following is
Ans : Acetylene
3. Ester formation involves the reaction of
Ans : An acylhalide with an alcohol
4. Heating a mixture of sodium acetate and soda lime gives
Ans : methane
5. The acid which reduces Tollen's reagent is
Ans : formicacid
CH3
|
6. The IUPAC name of CH3 CH2 CH COOH is
Ans : 2-methyl butanoic acid
7. The Isomerism exhibited by CH3CH2COOH and CH3COOCH3 is
Ans : functional
8. The acid that cannot be prepared by Grignard reagent
Ans : formic acid
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9. Which order of arrangement is correct interms of the strength of the acid
Ans : CH3CH2COOH < CH3COOH < HCOOH < ClCH2COOH
10. The compound which undergoes intra molecular dehydration with P2O5 is
Ans : formic acid
11. HO
C = O 1600c
The product is
H
Ans : H2 + CO2
12. When chlorine is passed through acetic acid in presence of red P, it forms.
Ans : Trichloro acetic acid
13. Which of the following compounds will react with NaHCO3 solution to give sodium salt
and CO2 ?
Ans : acetic acid
14. When propanoic acid is treated with aqueous sodium - bicarbonatate, CO2 is liberated.
The "C" of CO2 comes from
Ans : bicarbonate
15. Carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenol and alcohol because of
Ans : greater resonance stabilisation of their conjugate base
16. Among the following the strongest acid is
Ans : Cl3CCOOH
17. Which of the following compound is optically active ?
Ans : (c) CH3CH(OH)COOH (d) Cl2CHCOOH
18.CH3CH(OH)COOH
? The product is
H2O2/Fe2+
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9. Nitrobenzene on electrolytic reduction in con. sulphuric acid, the intermediate formed is
Ans : C6H5 NHOH
10. Electrophile used in the nitration of benzene is
Ans : nitronium ion
11. The reduction of CH3 CH2 C N with sodium and alcohol results in the formation of
Ans : CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2
12. The basic character of amines is due to the
Ans : lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom
13. The organic compound that undergoes carbylamine reaction is
Ans : C2H5NH2
14. Primary amine acts as
Ans : Lewis base
15. Oxidation of aniline with acidified potassium dichromate gives
Ans : p-benzo quinone
16. Which one of the following is a secondary amine ?
Ans : diphenyl amine
NaNO2/HCl
17.C6H5NH2
Ans: C6H5N2Cl
X. Identify X.
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1-Mark
Practice Book back one mark questions (self evaluation) for 19 units.
Practice the questions that where asked in the PTA guide as well as previous
year public question papers.
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3-Mark questions
TEST NO:1
TEST NO:3
1) What are antioxidants? Give example.
2) Define hybridisation.
3) The experimental value of d(Si-C) is 1.934A. If the radius of carbon is
0.77A. calculate the radius of silicon.
4) What are inter halogen compound? Give one preparation.
5) H3PO4 is triprotic. Justify with equations.
6) Why do d-block elements form complexes?
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7) What is spitting of silver? How it can be prevented?
8) What is the principle behind Hydrogen bomb.
9) How are glasses formed?
10)what is entropy? Write its unit.
TEST NO:4
1) State Le- chatliers principle.
2) What are simple and complex reactions?
3) The rate constant of the first order reaction is 1.5410-3sec-1.
Calculate its half life period.
4) What is catalysis? Give example.
5) State Ostwalds dilution law.
6) Give the structure of Z and E form of cinnamic acid.
7) Give two chemical test to distinguish propan 2-ol and
2-methylpropane-2-ol.
8) How is benzyl alcohol obtained from phenyl magenisum bromide?
9) Write perkins reaction?
10)Give the structures of lactyl chloride and lactide
1)
Br2
C6H5CONH2
X
KOH
Identify X,Y,Z.
TEST NO:5
HNO2
NaNO2
Y
HCL
Cu+
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
TEST NO:6
What are consecutive reactions? Give example
What is activation energy?
What is tyndall effect?
What is common ion effect? Give example.
Define racemisation.
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6)
7)
8)
9)
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TEST NO:9
1) The normal boiling of CHCl3 is 61.5C. calculate the molar heat of
vaporization of CHCl3 assuming ideal behaviors.
2) Show that the half period of a first order reaction is independent of the
initial concentration of the reactant.
3) Write a note on Brownian movement.
4) What is buffer solution? Give example.
5) Distinguish enantiomers from diasteromers.
6) Give two tests for aldehyde.
7)
Sn/HCl
Alcholic KOH
H2/Pt
CH3NO2
A
B
C
CHCl3
Identify A,B,C.
8) Why HF cannot be stored in glass bottle?
9) Write the uses of radio carbon dating?
10)Calculate the maximum % efficiency possible from thermal engine
oprating between 110C and 25C
TEST NO:10
1) What is pseudo first order reaction. Give example.
2) Write the Arrhenius equation and explain the terms.
3) Distinguish racemic mixture from mesoform.
4) How can acetophenone be prepared by Friedel-Crafs reaction?
5) Write any three characteristics of dyes
6) The electron affinities of beryllium and nitrogen are almost zero. Why?
7) How is chrome plating done?
8) What are parallel reaction? Give one example.
9) Calculate the change of entropy for the process,water(liq) to water
(vapour,373K) involving H vap =40850 J mol-1 at 373k
10) What are promoters? Give example.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
TEST NO:11
How is phenol prepared by Dows process?
What is Urotropine give its uses.
Give tests for salicylic acid.
Compound A is yellow colored liquid and it is called as oil of mirbane
A on reduction with tin HCl gives B. B answers carbylamines test.
Identify A ,B.
What is peptisation? Give example.
Write tests for phenol
How is nylon-66 prepared give its uses.
Formic acid reduces tollens reagent where as acetic acid does not.
Explain.
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9) Benaldehyde undergoes cannizzaro reaction where as acetaldehyde
does not Explain.
10) why He2 not formed?
5-MARK QUESTIONS
TEST NO:1
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
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TEST NO:4
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
TEST NO:5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
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10-MARK QUESTIONS:
TEST NO:1
1) a) Explain the variation of ionisation energy along the group and
period.
b) Write any five uses of Fluorine.
2) a) Explain the postulates of weners theory of co-ordination
compounds.
b) Differentiate between nuclear reaction and chemical reaction.
3) a) Write about the most common point defect.
b) How colloids are prepared by mechanical dispersion method and
electro-dispersion method?
4) a) Describe the action of an acid buffer solution with an example.
b) Write any five common terms in cell terminology.
TEST NO :2
1) a) Explain Pauling method to determine ionic radii
b) Give the uses of silicones.
2) a) Give the postulates of Valence bond theory of Co-ordination
compounds.
b) Write note on Radio carbon dating.
3) a) Explain Braggs spectrometer method.
b) Write about the preparation of colloids by chemical methods.
4) a) Write the evidences of Arrhenius theory of Electrolytic dissociation.
b) Write note on IUPAC convention of representation of a cell.
TEST NO:3
1) a) Explain Pauling scale for the determination of electro negativity.
Give the disadvantage of Pauling scale
b) How does fluorine differ from other halogens?
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4) a) Explain Quionoid theory of indicators.
b) Derive Nernst Equation.
TEST NO:4
1) a) Explain various factors that affect electron affinity.
b) How are noble gases isolated from air by Ramsay-Rayleighs
method?
2) a)Explain the following terms i) Neutral ligand ii)chelates iii) co
ordination sphere iv) coordination number v) negative ligands
b)Write a note on nuclear reaction taking place in the sun
3) a) Write the characteristics of ionic crystal.
b)Write note on i)electrophoresis ii) ultra filtration iii)Helmholtz double
layer
4) a)Derive henderson equation
b)Describe the construction and function of standard hydrogen
electrode.
TEST NO:5
1) a)Describe the factors influencing ionization energy.
b)How are noble gases separated by Dewar method
2) a)Mention the type of hybridization and magnetic property of the
following complexes using VB theory. i) [FeF6]4- ii) [Fe(CN)6]4- iii)
[Ni(CN)4]2- iv) [Ni(NH3)4]2+
b) Distinguish nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reaction.
3) a)Distinguish physical adsorption and chemical adsorption
b)Write a general characteristics of catalytic reaction.
4) a)State and explain Kohlrauschs law.
b) Explain the relation between EMF and free energy.
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