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SPINAL CORD DISEASES

Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a crippling and


potentially deadly infectious disease. It is caused
by the poliovirus. The virus spreads from person
to person and can invade an infected persons
brain and spinal cord, causing paralysis (cant
move parts of the body).

Syringomyelia is a rare disorder in which a cyst forms within your


spinal cord. As this fluid-filled cyst, or syrinx, expands and
lengthens over time, it compresses and damages part of your
spinal cord from its center outward

Lupus is a chronic disease that causes swelling to many


different parts of the body. Symptoms such as arthritis, anemia
and fever make the disorder very hard to diagnose. Scientists
believe that certain types of infections, some antibiotics,
continuedongoing exposure to ultraviolet light and extreme
stress may cause lupus. Women develop the disorder at a
much higher rate than men. Although lupus can become lifethreatening when major organs are affected, modern medical
treatments have made lupus easier to live with. Medication,
exercise, relaxation and diet can all make the disease more manageable.
Hydromyelia refers to an abnormal widening of the central canal of the
spinal cord that creates a cavity in which cerebrospinal fluid (commonly
known as spinal fluid) can accumulate. As spinal fluid builds up, it may
put abnormal pressure on the spinal cord and damage nerve cells and
their connections. Hydromyelia is sometimes used interchangeably with
syringomyelia, the name for a condition that also involves cavitation in the
spinal cord. In hydromyelia, the cavity that forms is connected to the fourth
ventricle
in the brain, and is almost always associated in infants and children with
hydrocephalus or birth defects such as Chiari Malformation II and Dandy-Walker syndrome.

A spinal tumor is a growth that develops within your spinal canal or


within the bones of your spine. It may be cancerous or
noncancerous. Tumors that affect the bones of the spine (vertebrae)
are known as vertebral tumors. Tumors that begin within the spinal
cord itself are called spinal cord tumors. There are two main types of
tumors that may affect the spinal cord:

BRAIN DISEASES
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related, nonreversible brain disorder that develops over a period of years.
Initially, people experience memory loss and confusion,
which may be mistaken for the kinds of memory changes
that are sometimes associated with normal
aging.

The term cerebral palsy refers to any one of a number of neurological


disorders that appear in infancy or early childhood and permanently affect body
movement and muscle coordination but dont worsen over time. Even though
cerebral palsy affects muscle movement, it isnt caused by problems in the muscles or nerves. It
is caused by abnormalities in parts of the brain that control muscle movements.

A coma, sometimes also called persistent vegetative


state, is a profound or deep state of unconsciousness.
Persistent vegetative state is not brain-death. An individual
in a state of coma is alive but unable to move or respond
to his or her environment. Coma may occur as a
complication of an underlying illness, or as a result of
injuries, such as head trauma. . Individuals in such a state
have lost their thinking abilities and awareness of their
surroundings, but retain non-cognitive function and normal sleep patterns. Even though those in
a persistent vegetative state lose their higher brain functions, other key functions such as
breathing and circulation remain relatively intact.

Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability


that specifically impairs a person's ability to read.
These individuals typically read at levels significantly
lower
than
expected
despite
having
normal
intelligence. Although the disorder varies from person
to person, common characteristics among people with
dyslexia are difficulty with phonological processing (the
manipulation of sounds), spelling, and/or rapid visual-verbal responding.

Dementia is not a specific disease. It is a descriptive term for a collection of symptoms that can
be caused by a number of disorders that affect the brain. People
with dementia have significantly impaired intellectual
functioning that interferes with normal activities and
relationships. They also lose their ability to solve problems and
maintain emotional control, and they may experience
personality changes and behavioral problems, such as
agitation, delusions, and hallucinations. While memory loss is a
common symptom of dementia, memory loss by itself does not mean that a person has
dementia. Doctors diagnose dementia only if two or more brain functions - such as memory and
language skills -- are significantly impaired without loss of consciousness.

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