Copyright Reserved 2009

Borderless Resources Sdn. Bhd.

Co. Reg. 774870 - W

Passion + Peak Performance + Purpose = Better Than Good

Learning Objectives

To enable the participants to:

- Acquire basic knowledge on Construction Safety.

Our Menu

Introduction.
Pre Construction Activities.
Construction Activities.

A 3D Industry

Construction industry is a 3D
industry:
- D Difficult.
- D Dangerous.
- D Dirty.

The Scenario

The Statistic
Reported Construction Accidents for the Year 2006
(SOCSO)

CATEGORY

Reported
Cases

Reported
Disability

Reported
Fatality

Reported
Cases

Reported
Disability

Reported
Fatality

General contractors
including civil engineers

2,930

436

43

2,714

216

403

33

40

Special trade contractors

756

107

21

676

80

97

10

21

Total

3,686

543

64

3,390

296

500

43

61

It is Not a 3D Industry

Construction industry is a 4D industry:

- D Difficult.
- D Dangerous.
- D Dirty.
- D Death.

Contributing Factors

The Victims

The Victims

The Victims

The Victims

The Victims

The Victims

Accident Causation
Basic/Root
Causes

Unsafe Acts

Direct Causes

Lack of
Management Control

Indirect/ Immediate Causes

Unplanned
Released of
Energy and/or
Hazardous Material

ACCIDENT
Personal Injury
Property Damage

Unsafe Conditions

Considerations

Kos

Pre Construction Activities

Copyright Reserved 2009

Borderless Resources Sdn. Bhd.

Co. Reg. 774870 - W

Passion + Purpose + Peak Performance = Better Than Good

Introduction
CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT
TENDER
EVALUATION &
SELECTION
PRE-TENDER
STAGE
COMPLETION
OF PROJECT
CLOSED OUT
CONTRACT
MANAGEMENT
TENDER STAGE

Pre-Tender
PRE-TENDER
STAGE

Design Stage
Design Considerations:
- OSH during construction.
- Safety and health of end user.

Tender Document Considerations:

- OSH provisions to be incorporated in the
specification, instruction to tender, etc.

TENDERING

Preparation of
Tender
Document

Tendering & Post Tender

Tendering
Tender
Evaluation

Contract
Signing

Call for Tender

Selection
Closed Tender

Commencement
of Work
Selection Criteria:
- Experience.

Award

- Technical Capabilities.
- Financial Capabilities.
- OSH Competencies & Records.

Administrative Matters
Prior to Commencement of
Work

Preliminary HIRARC

OSH MS
Documentation

Organisational
Structure

Statutory Notification

Execution of Work

Site Planning &

Mobilisation

Construction Activities

Copyright Reserved 2009

Borderless Resources Sdn. Bhd.

Co. Reg. 774870 - W

Passion + Purpose + Peak Performance = Better Than Good

Introduction
The site environment - a dangerous mix:
- Temporary duration.
- Constantly changing.
- Many trade/sub-contractors.
- Long working hours.
- Time and cost constraint.
- Exposure to weather.
- Dangerous plant and equipment.

Introduction
Execution of
Work

Hazrds & risks exist at each of the

activities.

Site Mobilisation &

Clearance

M&E Installation

Liability & Defects

Sub-Structures

Finishing

Closed Out

Super Structures

Testing &
Commissioning

Introduction

Hazard:
- Anything that have the potential to cause harm.
To ensure work activities being carried out safely and
healthily, potential hazards need to be idenditified,
assesed and controlled.

Assess the Risks

Control the Risks

Monitor & Review

Continual Improvement

Identify the Hazards

Risk Management Techniques

Risk Management Communication

Hazard & Risk Management

HIRARC

HI
Hazard
Identification
RA
Risk
Assessment
RC
Risk Control

Hazard Identification

Work at height (fall of person/falling objects).

Slipping/tripping/falling.
Plant and machinery (collisions, crushing, over-turning).
Excavations (collapse/falling).
Electricity (electric shock/electrocution).
Manual handling (musculoskeletal injuries, strains/sprains).

Hazard Identification

Noise (hearing loss).

Hazardous substances (chemical burns, respiratory illnesses).
Sharp objects e.g. nails, (cuts, lacerations).
Hot work e.g. welding (burns, eye damage).
Flying particles (eye injuries).

Risk Assessment
Severity (S)
Likelihood
(L)

Negligible
(1)

Minor
(2)

Serious
(3)

Fatal
(4)

Catastrophic
(5)

Most Likely
(5)

10

15

20

25

Possible
(4)

12

16

20

Conceivable
(3)

12

15

Remote
(2)

10

Inconceivable
(1)

Risk Assessment
Risk Factor

Action Level
A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control the hazard as detailed
in the hierarchy of control.

15 - 20

High
Actions taken must be documented on the risk assessment form
including date for completion.
A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard
and applies temporary measure if required.

5 - 12

Medium
Actions taken must be documented on the risk assessment form
including date for completion.
A risk identified as LOW may be considered as acceptable and further
reduction may not be necessary.

1-4

Low
However, if the risk can be resolved quickly and efficiently, control
measures should be implemented and recorded.

Hierarchy of Control
Hazard

Yes
Eliminate

No

Substitute

Isolate/Engineering

Administrative

PPE

General Administrative Control

Define policy.
Establish and implement safe work procedures.
Establish and implement permit-to-work system where
appropriate.
Conduct training.
Clear instruction and information.

General Administrative Control

Supervise the work.

Monitor effectiveness of other control measures.
Review and revised safe work procedures and control
measures if necessary.

General Control Measures

General Site Rules:

- Discipline at work.
- Prohibition of alcohol and drugs.
- Prohibition of dangerous weapons.
- Use of PPE.
- Penalty for non-compliance.

General Control Measures

Mobile plant and machinery:
- In good working conditions and properly maintained.
- Operated by competent operators.
- Defensive driving techniques.
- Enforce speed limit.
- Establish log-out tag-out system for maintenance of plant
and machinery.

General Control Measures

Electrical installation:
- Competent electrician.
- Weather proof distribution boxes.
- Proper layout out of cables and cords.
- Proper connections.

General Control Measures

Hand & power tools:

- Operated by competent/trained operators/workers.
- Selection of suitable tools.
- Use of suitable PPE.
- Proper storage of tools.
- Maintenance of tools.

General Control Measures

Use of ladders:
- Erected and safe angle and secured.
- Only one person should be on a ladder at any time.
- Maintain 3-points of contact:
use both hands when climbing or descending a ladder
nothing should be carried in hands.
- Always face the ladder when climbing up or down.

General Control Measures

Use of scaffolding:
- To be designed, erected, altered, dismantled and inspected
by competent person.
- Erected on firm base.
- Use the designated access stairs / ladders.
- Platforms to be fully boarded.

General Control Measures

Floor edges and openings:
- To be protected and posted with suitable warning signs.
- Materials used to be of adequate strength.

General Control Measures

Hazardous materials and substances:

- CSDS where appropriate.
- Kept in suitable container and labelled.
- Stored in suitable storage areas and appropriate sign posted.
- Different
separately.

types

of

flammable

materials

to

be

stored

General Control Measures

PPE and clothing:
- Do not wear loose clothing.
- Hard hats to be worn at all times.
- Suitable feet protection to be worn at all time.
- Suitable eye protection to be worn when expose flying
object, chemical splashes, etc.
- Suitable hearing protection when expose to excessive noise.
- Fall arrest equipment when working at height.