Alfie Benedict P.

Espedido

3 BS Pharmacy

1. A RECOMBINANT VACCINE is a vaccine produced through

recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding
an antigen (such as a bacterial surface protein) that stimulates an
immune response into bacterial or mammalian cells, expressing the
antigen in these cells and then purifying it from them.
EPITOPIC CONJUGATE VACCINE can isolate specific epitopes which
can replace the whole pathogen in a vaccine. However, within the
diversity of epitopes in a pathogen, it is important to notice that not all
of the epitopes, even those that seem to be dominant, are equal in
their ability to elicit antibody production.
2. An INACTIVATED VACCINE (or killed vaccine) is a vaccine consisting
of virus particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been grown in
culture and then killed using a method such as heat or formaldehyde.
An ATTENUATED VACCINE is a vaccine created by reducing the
virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live").
Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes
harmless or less virulent. These vaccines contrast to those produced
by "killing" the virus (inactivated vaccine).

ANTIBIOTIC GROUP
1. Aminoglycosi
des

2. Carbapenems

3. Cephalospori
ns
(1st gen)

EXAMPLE/S
Amikacin,
Gentamicin,
Neomycin,
Tobramycin, etc.

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Bind to the bacterial 30S or
50S
ribosomal
subunit,
inhibiting the translocation of
the peptidyl-tRNA from the Asite to the P-site and also
causing misreading of mRNA,
leaving the bacterium unable
to synthesize proteins vital to
its growth
Inhibition
of
cell
wall
synthesis

Ertapenem,
Doripenem,
Meropenem, etc.
Cefadroxil, Cefazolin, Same mode of action as
Cefalotin, Cefalexin
other beta-lactam antibiotics:
disrupt the synthesis of the
peptidoglycan
layer
of
bacterial cell walls

4. Cephalospori
ns (2nd gen)

Cefaclor,
Cefamandole,
Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime

Same mode of action as

other beta-lactam antibiotics:
disrupt the synthesis of the
peptidoglycan
layer
of
bacterial cell walls
5. Cephalospori Cefixime,
Cefdinir, Same mode of action as
ns (3rd gen)
Cefditoren,
other beta-lactam antibiotics:
Cefotaxime,
disrupt the synthesis of the
Ceftriaxone
peptidoglycan
layer
of
bacterial cell walls.
6. Cephalospori Cefepime
Same mode of action as
ns (4th gen)
other beta-lactam antibiotics:
disrupt the synthesis of the
peptidoglycan
layer
of
bacterial cell walls.
7. Cephalospori Ceftobiprole,
Same mode of action as
ns
(5th Ceftaroline fosamil
other beta-lactam antibiotics:
generation)
disrupt the synthesis of the
peptidoglycan
layer
of
bacterial cell walls.
8. Macrolides
Azithromycin,
Inhibition of bacterial protein
Clarithromycin,
biosynthesis
by
binding
Erythromycin,
reversibly to the subunit 50S
Roxithromycin,
of the bacterial ribosome,
Spiramycin
thereby
inhibiting
translocation of peptidyl tRNA
9. Penicillins
Amoxicillin,
Same mode of action as
Ampicillin,
other beta-lactam antibiotics:
Carbenicillin,
disrupt the synthesis of the
Flucloxacillin,
peptidoglycan
layer
of
Methicillin, Oxacillin, bacterial cell walls.
Penicillin G, Penicillin
V, Piperacillin
10.
Quinolo Ciprofloxacin,
Inhibits the bacterial DNA
nes or
Enoxacin,
gyrase or the topoisomerase
Fluoroquinolo Levofloxacin,
IV enzyme, thereby inhibiting
ne
Moxifloxacin,
DNA
replication
and
Ofloxacin,
transcription.
Trovafloxacin

11.
Tetracyc
lines

Demeclocycline,
Doxycycline,
Oxytetracycline,
Tetracycline

Inhibits
the
binding
of
aminoacyl-tRNA
to
the
mRNA-ribosome
complex.
They do so mainly by binding
to the 30S ribosomal subunit
in the mRNA translation
complex. But Tetracycline
cannot be taken together
with
all
dairy
products,
aluminium, iron and zinc
minerals.