Students Name:

Student Number:
Teachers Name:

ABBOTSLEIGH

2016
HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE

Assessment 4
Trial Examination

Mathematics Extension 2
General Instructions

Total marks - 100

x Reading time 5 minutes

x Attempt Sections I and II.

x Working time 3 hours

x Write using black pen.

Section I

Pages 3 - 6

x Board-approved calculators may be used.

x A reference sheet is provided.
x All necessary working should be shown in
every question.
x Make sure your HSC candidate Number is
on the front cover of each booklet.

10 marks
x Attempt Questions 110
x Allow about 15 minutes for this section.

Section II

Pages 7 - 13

x Start a new booklet for Each Question.

x Answer the Multiple Choice questions on
the answer sheet provided.
x If you do not attempt a whole question, you
must still hand in the Writing Booklet, with
the words 'NOT ATTEMPTED' written
clearly on the front cover.

90 marks
x Attempt Questions 11 16.
x Allow about 2 hr and 45 minutes for this
section.
x All questions are of equal value.

Outcomes to be assessed:
Mathematics Extension 2
A student:
HSC :
E1
Appreciates the creativity, power and usefulness of Mathematics to solve a broad range of
problems.
E2
Chooses appropriate strategies to construct arguments and proofs in both concrete and
abstract settings
E3
Uses the relationship between algebraic and geometric representations of complex numbers
and of conic sections
E4
Uses efficient techniques for the algebraic manipulation required in dealing with questions
such as those involving conic sections and polynomials
E6
Combines the ideas of algebra and calculus to determine the important features of the graphs
of a wide variety of functions
E7
Uses the techniques of slicing and cylindrical shells to determine volumes
E8
Applies further techniques of integration, including partial fractions, integration by parts and
recurrence formulae, to problems
E9
Communicates abstract ideas and relationships using appropriate notation and logical
argument
Mathematics Extension 1
A student:
Preliminary course:
PE1 Appreciates the role of mathematics in the solution of practical problems
PE2 Uses multi-step deductive reasoning in a variety of contexts
PE3 Solves problems involving inequalities, polynomials, circle geometry and parametric
representations
PE4 Uses the parametric representation together with differentiation to identify geometric
properties of parabolas
PE5 Determines derivatives that require the application of more than one rule of differentiation
PE6 Makes comprehensive use of mathematical language, diagrams and notation for
communicating in a wide variety of situations
HSC course:
HE1 Appreciates interrelationships between ideas drawn from different areas of mathematics
HE2 Uses inductive reasoning in the construction of proofs
HE3 Uses a variety of strategies to investigate mathematical models of situations involving
projectiles
HE4 Uses the relationship between functions, inverse functions and their derivatives
HE5 Applies the chain rule to problems including those involving velocity and acceleration as
functions of displacement
HE6 Determines integrals by reduction to a standard form through a given substitution
HE7 Evaluates mathematical solutions to problems and communicates them in an appropriate
form

Ext2 Task 4 2016

-2-

SECTION I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 10
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval
completely.
Sample

2 + 4 =

(A)

(B)

(C)

(B)

(A)

(C)

(D)

(D)

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the
new answer.
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer,
then indicate this by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.
correct

(B)

(A)

(C)

(D)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

1.

x2 y 2

What is the eccentricity of the ellipse
9 16

(A)

7
16

(B)

7
4

(C)

1?

9
16

2.

6
3
sin x dx is equal in value to:
0
S

(A)

6
2
sin x  sin x cos x dx
0

(C)

16
3
S sin x dx
2 

Ext2 Task 4 2016

6 S
(B)
 sin 3 x dx
6
0
S

6
(D) cos3 x dx
0

-3-

(D)

7
9

3.

Diagram A shows the complex number z represented in the Argand plane.

Im(z)

Im(z)

Re(z)

Re(z)

Diagram A

Diagram B

Diagram B shows:
(A)

4.

(C) 2z

(B) 2iz

(D) z 2

Which of the following is the equation of the circle below?

Im(z)

(A)

 z  2  z  2

(C)

 z  2i   z  2i 

Ext2 Task 4 2016

Re(z)
R

(B)

 z  2  z  2

(D)

 z  2  z  2

-4-

5.

6.

z and w are two complex numbers. Which of the the following statements is always TRUE?
(A)

z  w t zw

(B)

z  w d zw

(C)

z  w d zw

(D)

zw  z t w

If D , E and J are the roots of the equation x3  3x  4 0.

Then the cubic equation with roots D 2 , E 2 and J 2 is:
(A)

8 x3  9 x  4 0

(B)

x3  9 x 2  12 x  4 0

(C)

x3  6 x 2  9 x  16 0

(D)

8 x3  4 x 2  9 x  16 0

7.
y

x2 1

P( x, y)

The region bounded by the x-axis, the curve y

x 2  1 and the line x

about the y-axis.

The slice at P( x, y) on the curve is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
What is the volume of G V of the annular slice formed?

(A)

S 5  y2 G y

(B)

S 4   y 2  1 G y

(C)

S  4  x2  G x

(D)

S  2  x2  G x

Ext2 Task 4 2016

-5-

2 is rotated

8.

What is the acute angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola

(A)

S
3

(B)

S
4

(C)

S
6

(D)

S
2

x2
 y2 1 ?
3

9. Which of the following is the range of the function f ( x) sin 1 x  tan 1 x ?

(B) S d y d S

(A) S  y  S

(C)

3S
3S
d yd
4
4

(D)

S
S
d yd
2
2

10. Using the substitution x S  y , the definite integral x sin x dx

0
will simplify to:

(B) sin x dx
0

(A)

(C)

S
sin x dx
2 0

(D)

End of Section I

Ext2 Task 4 2016

-6-

S2
4

SECTION II
Total Marks 90
Attempt Questions 11 - 16
All questions are of equal value
Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.
In Questions 11-16, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.
Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Given that z1

(b)

(c)

5  2i and z2

z
3  4i , find the value of Re 1 in x  iy form.
z2

(i)

Show that the square roots of 35  12i are r(1  6i ) .

(ii)

Hence solve z 2  (5  4i ) z  11  7i

(i)

Express z1

(ii)

Given z2

(iii)

Hence express  z1 z2  in the form x  iy , where x and y are real numbers.

(d) (i)
(ii)

0.

1  3i in modulus argument form.

S
S
3 cos  i sin , find the value of z1 z2 in
6
6

modulus argument form.

3

On an Argand diagram sketch arg( z  2) arg z 

Describe the locus.

S
2

2
1

End of Question 11

Ext2 Task 4 2016

-7-

Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a)

(i) Express

3x  1
a
bx  c
in the form
.
 2
2
( x  1)( x  1)
x 1 x 1

3x  1

(ii) Hence find

dx .
2
( x  1)( x  1)

(b)

(i)

(ii)

tan

If t

T
2

, show that dT

By using the substitution t

(c) The diagram shows y

2
dt .
1 t2

1
S

3
tan , show that. sec T dT
2
0

ln 2  3 .

f  x  which is an odd function. There is a turning point at 1,1 .

y
1

-1
Draw a separate sketch of each of the following graphs.
Use about one third of a page for each graph. Show all significant features.
(i)

1
.
f  x

(ii)

(iii)

e f  x .

(iv)

f  x  u sin 1 x (show the coordinates of the endpoints).

 x .

End of Question 12
Ext2 Task 4 2016

-8-

Question 13 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a)

Given that the roots of the equation 4 x3  24 x 2  45 x  26 0 form an arithmetic

sequence, solve the equation.

(b)

The polynomial P( x) 12 x3  44 x 2  5 x  100 has a double root.

Factorise P( x) over the real number system.

(c)

x2 y 2
The hyperbola H has equation 2  2
a
b
2
2
x
y
 2 1.
has equation 2
2
a b
b

1 and eccentricity e , while the ellipse E

(i)

x2
y2
1
Show that E has eccentricity and hence that E has equation 2 2  2
ae b
e

(ii)

Show that E passes through one focus of H, and H passes through one focus

1.

of E .

(iii)

Sketch H and E on the same diagram, labelling the foci S, S of H and T, T

of E, and the directrices of H and E. Give the coordinates of the foci and the
equations of the directrices in terms of a and e .

(iv)

If H and E intersect at P in the first quadrant.

2 a e 1

Show that the coordinates of P is ae 2 ,

e  1 1  e2

(v)

Show that the acute angle D between the tangents to the curves at P
satisfies tan D

1
2 e  .
e

End of Question 13

Ext2 Task 4 2016

-9-

Question 14 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a)

(b)

The equation x3  2 x  1 0 has roots D , E , J . Evaluate D 3  E 3  J 3 .

For n 0,1, 2,.... let

In

S
4

tan n T dT .

(c)

1
ln 2 .
2

(i)

Show that I1

(ii)

Use integration by parts to show that, for n t 2, I n  I n2

1
.
n 1

The area enclosed by the curve y ( x  2) 2 and the line y 4 is rotated around the
y  axis . Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume formed.

(d)

(i)

On the same number plane diagram sketch the curves

y | x | 2 and y

(ii)

4  3x  x 2 .

Hence or otherwise solve the inequality

| x | 2
!0.
4  3x  x 2

End of Question 14
Ext2 Task 4 2016

- 10 -

Question 15 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a)

c
c
The points P cp, and Q cq, lie on the rectangular hyperbola xy
p

c2 .

The chord PQ meets the x-axis at C.

O is the centre of the hyperbola and R is the midpoint of PQ.

(b)

(i)

Draw a sketch showing all information.

(ii)

Find the equation of the chord PQ .

(iii)

Find the coordinates of C.

(iv)

Find the coordinates of R.

(v)

Show that OR

(i)

Show that sin  A  B   sin  A  B  2cos A sin B .

(ii)

Use the method of Mathematical Induction to show that for all positive

RC.

integers n :

cos x  cos 2 x  cos 3 x  ....  cos nx

(iii)

1
1

sin n  x  sin x
2
2

1
2sin x
2

Hence show that:

cos 2 x  cos 4 x  cos 6 x  ...  cos16 x 8cos 9 x cos 4 x cos 2 x cos x .

End of Question 15

Ext2 Task 4 2016

- 11 -

Question 16 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a)

(i) Show that the area enclosed between the parabola x 2

is

4ay and its latus rectum

8a 2
units 2 .
3

A solid figure (as shown below) has the ellipse

x2
y2

16
4

1 as its base in the xy plane.

Cross-sections perpendicular to the x-axis are parabolas with latus rectums in the
xy plane.

(ii) Show that the area of the cross-section at x = h is

16  h 2
units 2 .
6

(iii) Hence, find the volume of this solid.

Question 16 continues on the next page.

Ext2 Task 4 2016

- 12 -

Question 16 continued.
(b)

y
NOT TO SCALE

T
V 2 sin 2 T
m
g
x

ground
2

2
V 1  3V (1  3 )
m4 g
4g

dam

A man ascending in a hot air balloon throws a set of car keys to his wife who is on the
ground. The keys are projected at a constant velocity of V m s 1 at an angle of T to the
horizontal, 0q  T  90q , and from a point

V 2 sin 2 T
m vertically above the ground.
g

The edge of a dam closest to where the balloon took off, lies

V 2 1 3
m
4g

V2
horizontally from the point of projection. The dam is
m wide.
2g
The position of the keys at time t seconds after they are projected is given by:

x Vt cos T
and

(i)

 gt 2
V 2 sin 2 T
 Vt sin T 
2
g

Show that the Cartesian equation of the path of the keys is given by :

(ii)

 gx 2 sec2 T
V 2 sin 2 T

x
tan
T

2V 2
g

Show that the horizontal range of the keys on the ground is given by:

V 2 1  3 sin 2T
x
(iii)

2g

Find the values of T for which the keys will NOT land in the dam.
END OF PAPER

Ext2 Task 4 2016

- 13 -

Extension 2 Mathematics Task 4 Trial Examination 2016 Solutions:

Question

Working
2

Solution

x
y

9 16

sin ce b ! a
? a2

b 2 (1  e 2 )

9 16(1  e 2 )
7
e2
16
7
e
4

?B

6
3
sin x dx
0
S

6
2
sin x.sin x dx
0
S

6
2
sin x 1  cos x  dx
0
S

6
2
sin x  sin x cos x dx
0
3

z 2 double the argument

?A
D

?D

Im(z)

Re(z)
R

Centre  0, 2  and radius of 2

? z  2 z  2

( x  iy  2)( x  iy  2) 4
( x  iy )( x  iy )  2( x  iy )  2( x  iy )  4 4
x2  y 2  4x  4 4
( x  2) 2  y 2

22

?B

( z  w)

( z  w)
A
D

z
0
The length of any two sides of a triangle must exceed the length of the third
side. Therefore

' OAB

z  w t zw

' OAC

z  w d zw

' AOB z  w d z  w
' AOB z  w  z t w

If replace x with

 x   3 x   4
3

x x 3 x

?D

4
C

x  x  3 4
x  x  3

16

x  x 2  6 x  9  16
x3  6 x 2  9 x  16 0

y
V
?V

x2 1

? x2

?C

y2 1

S  22  x 2  G y

S  4  ( y  1)  G y
2

?B

Asymptotes y

? tan T

1
x
3

m1  m2
1  m1m2

tan T


3
1
1

3

tan T

3
3

?T

60q

3
1

?A

Domain :  1 d x d 1
sin 1 (1)  tan 1 (1) d y d sin 1 (1)  tan 1 (1)
S S
S S

d yd 
2
4
2 4
3S
3S
d yd
?C
4
4

10

x sin x dx (S  y ) sin (S  y ).  dy
0
S
S

S sin (S  y )  y sin(S  y ) dy
0
S

S sin y  y sin y dy
0
S

S sin x  x sin x dx
0
S

? 2 x sin x dx
0
S

? x sin x dx
0

S sin x dx
0
S

S
sin x dx
2 0

?C

Question
11(a)

Working

Solution

z1 5  2i

z1 3  4i
5  2i 3  4i
u

3  4i 3  4i

15  20i  6i  8i 2

9  16i 2

7  26i

25
7  26i
? Re

25

11(b)(i)

35  12i

a  ib

 35  12i

a 2  b 2  2abi

? a 2  b2

35

So a 2  
a2 

7
25

6 2
a

36
a2

2ab 12 (ie : b

and
35

35

6
a

)
2

? a 4  35a 2  36 0
(a 2  36)(a 2  1) 0
?a

r6i

r1

So a 1 b 6
a 1 b 6
Therefore 35  12i

11(b)(ii)

11(c)(i)

1  6i and  1  6i

5  4i r (5  4i)2  4(11  7i)

z
2
5  4i r 25  40i  16  44  28i
z
2
5  4i r 35  12i
2
5  4i r (1  6i)
from (i )
2
3  5i or 2  i

z1

1  3i z1

r (cos T  i sin T )

mod z

11(c)(ii)

z1

(1) 2  ( 3) 2

tan T

arg( z )
? z1

3
1

S  S3 

?T

2S
3

2  cos  23S   i sin  23S  

2  cos  23S   i sin  23S   and z2

3  (cos( S6 )  i sin( S6 ) 

 2  cos    i sin   3  (cos(

? z1 z2

2S
3

2S
3

)  i sin( S6 )  

6(cos( 23S  S6 )  i sin( 23S  S6 ))

6(cos( 56S )  i sin( 56S ))
11(c)(iii)

 z1 z2 

 6(cos( 56S )  i sin( 56S )) 

63 (cos(3 u 56S )  i sin(3 u 56S ))

216(cos( 52S )  i sin( 52S ))

216 (0  1i)
216i
11(d)(i)

arg( z  2) arg z 

10

arg( z  2)  arg z

S
2

2
? centre (1,0) and (0,0)

and angle between lines is 90q

-10

-5

10

-5

-10

11(d)(ii)

Locus: semi circle with radius 1 and centre (1,0)

ie : y

1  ( x  1)2

Question
12(a)(i)

Working
3x  1
( x  1)( x 2  1)

Solution

a
bx  c

x  1 x2  1
a( x 2  1)  (bx  c)( x  1) 3x  1
? Let x 1
a((1) 2  1)  (b(1)  c)((1)  1) 3(1)  1
a
? ax  bx
2

1

1  b 0

b 1

?x 0
a((0) 2  1)  (b(0)  c)((0)  1) 3(0)  1
ac 1
?

12(a)(ii)

3x  1

dx

2
( x  1)( x  1)

3x  1
( x  1)( x 2  1)

1
x2

x  1 x2  1

1  x  2 dx

x  1 x2  1
x
2
dx
 ln( x  1) 
 2
2
x 1 x 1
1
 ln ( x  1)  ln ( x 2  1)  2 tan 1 x  C
2

12(b)(i)

tan T2

dt
dT

1
sec2 T2
2
1
(1  tan 2 T2 )
2
1
(1  t 2 )
2

dt
(tan T2 )
dT

or dT

2 dt
1 t2
1

OR
t tan T2

tan 1 t

1 t2
2

2 tan 1 t

dT
dt
dT

2
1 t2
2
dt
1 t2

12(b)(ii)

1
6
3
tan 0 0

tan

t1
t2

? sec T

1 t2
1 t2

3
sec T dT
0
1

2
3 1  t u 2dt

0 1  t 2 1  t 2

3 2 dt

0 1  t 2

1
3

1
1


dt
1 t 1 t
1

1  t 3
ln 1  t
0

1

1 3
ln

1 1

3 1
ln

3 1
42 3
ln

3 1

ln 2  3

12(c)(i)

-1

Vertical Asymptotes and Odd

Vertica
Shape

12(c)(ii)

Mirror image through y axis

-1

12(c)(iii)

y
e

shape
-1

max at y
either m

e or min at y

1
e

12(c)(iv)
S

1, 2

S
1, 2

-1

mirror image y axis and shape

poi
end points

Question
13(a)

Working

roots D  d , D , D  d

4 x3  24 x 2  45 x  26 0

D  E J

b
a

Solution

D  d   D   D  d 

24
4

? 3D

D
c
a

DE  DJ  EJ

D D  d   D D  d   D  d D  d 
D 2 Dd D 2 Dd D 2  d 2
3D 2  d 2
3(2) 2  d 2

2
45
4
3

?d

3
2

3
3
, 2, 2 
2
2

? Roots 213(b)

45
4
45
4
45
4

P( x) 12 x3  44 x 2  5 x  100
P '( x) 36 x 2  88 x  5
P( x)

13(c)(i)

18 x  1 2 x  5
2
 2 x  5   3x  4 

For hyperbola b2

a 2 e2  1 e2

b2
a2

 1 or

b2  a 2
a2

For ellipse let eccentricity be H .

b

but a 2
?

a 1 H

b2  a 2

b2

1 H 2

b2  a 2

H 2 1
?H

b2

b2  a 2  b2

a2

b2  a 2

b2  a 2

b2  a 2

1
e

a2

a b
a b

e2 a 2

? ellipse has equation:

13(c)(ii)

x2
a 2e2

y2
b2

Focus of hyperbola:  r ae, 0 

e2

Focus of ellipse:  r ae, 0  but

a

ae and H

1
? r ae ,0
e

1
e

 r a, 0 

Sub  r a,0  into

Sub

x2
a2

 r ae, 0  into

LHS 1  0

y2
b2

x2
a 2e2

1,
y2
b2

LHS 1  0

RHS 1

? the hyperbola passes through  r a,0

RHS 1

? the ellipse passes through  r ae,0 

13(c)(iii)
y

2
x

Ellipse
Ellips
Hypbe
Hypberola

13(c)(iv)

x2
a2
x2
a2

y2

b2
x2

x 2 e2  1
x r

y
b

2
2

1
y2

?y

 e  1
x

2a e

 e  1

2 2

1 e
a e
2
e  1
b2
2
1  e

b2

a 2 e2  1
1  e2

1  e2

dy
dx

at P

dy
dx

b2 x

a2 y

dy
dx

ellipse:

tan D

a 2 e2  1

a e2  1

hyperbola:

tan D

a e2  1
2
? P ae 2 ,

e  1 1  e2

13(c)(v)

> 2@

a 2e2

2 2

b2

or r ae

? y2

y2

2a 2 e 2

2a 2 e 2

1

a 2e2

a 2e2

x2

>1@

b 2 x

a 2e2 y
2e

2
e
 2
1  2e

e
2e 

2e 
1 2

2
e

tan D

1
e
2
1

tan D

2 e 
e

e

dy
dx

2
e
2

Question
14(a)

D  2D  1 0 or D
3

Working
2D  1 ...(1)

E 3  2E  1 0 or E 3

2 E  1 ....(2)

J 3  2J  1 0 or J 3

2J  1....(3)

Solution

? (1)  (2)  (3) D 3  E 3  J 3

 2D  2E  2J  3
2 D  E  J   3
b
a

since D  E  J 

14(b)(i)

I1

tan T dT

then 2  0   3 3

sin T
dT
cosT

 ln  cosT  04

 ln
 ln1
2

1
ln 2 or ln 2
2

14(b)(ii)

In

S
4

tan T dT
n

tan n 2 T u tan 2 T dT

tan n 2 T u sec2 T  1 dT

S
4

tan n 2 T u sec2 T dT 

In

S
4

S
4

tan n 2 T dT

tan n 2 T u sec2 T dT  I n 2

(1)

Now

tan

S
4

tan n 2 T u sec2 T dT

0
n2

 n  2  tan n3 T u sec2 T

T, u'

v ' sec2 T ,

tan T

S
4

tan

n2

tan

T sec T dT

n2

T tan T 4 
0

**

1   n  2

tan n2 T u sec2 T dT

S
4

 n  2  tan n2 T sec2 T dT

S
4

tan n 2 T u sec2 T dT

1   n  2  

S
4

tan n  2 T u sec2 T dT

S
4

1
n 1

tan n  2 T u sec2 T dT

1
 I n2
n 1
1
? I n  I n2
n 1
In

OR from **
Now

tan

S
4

tan n 2 T u sec2 T dT

0
n2

 n  2  tan n3 T u sec2 T

T, u'

v ' sec2 T ,

tan T

S
4

tan

n2

tan n 2 T tan T 4 

T sec T dT

S
4

tan n 2 T u sec2 T dT 1   n  2 

S
4

 n  2  tan n2 T sec2 T dT

S
4

tan n 2 T u sec 2 T dT

SO I n 1   n  2 

S
4

tan

n2

T u sec T dT  I n2

1  (n  2)  I n  I n  2   I n  2

In

BUT

S
4

tan n 2 T u sec 2 T dT

I n  I n 2 from (1)

I n  I n 2 1  (n  2)  I n  I n  2 

 I n  I n2   (n  2)  I n  I n2 
 I n  I n2  1  n  2  1
 I n  I n2   n  1 1
1
n 1

I n  I n2

14(c)

VShell

2S rh. dx
2S x  4  ( x  2) 2 

dx

2S x  4 x  x 2  dx
V

2S x  4 x  x 2  dx
4

 4x

 x 3  dx

2S

4x x

2S
4 0
3

128S
3

14(d)(i)

y | x | 2
y

14(c)(ii)

4  3x  x 2

| x | 2
! 0 when | x | 2 ! 0 and 4  3x  x 2 are both positive or both negative
2
4  3x  x
By inspection of the graphs above 2 < x < 4

and -2 < x < -1

Question
15(a)(i)

Working

Solution

P
1
C
R

15(a)(ii)

m pq

c
p

 qc

1
pq

cp  cq
Equation PQ :
c 1
(1  cp)
y
p pq

x  pqy

c( p  q)

15(a)(ii)

Let y 0
x c( p  q)

? C  c( p  q), 0 
15(a)(iii)
15(a)(iv)

cp  cq cp  qc
c
c( p  q )
Midpo int :
,
R  p  q,

2
2 pq
2

c 2 ( p  q)2 c 2
2
OR
 ( p  q)2
2 2
4
4p q
RC 2

2
c 2 ( p  q)2
 2c ( p  q)  c( p  q)
2 2
4p q

c 2 ( p  q)2 cp cq 2
  2  2
4 p2q2
2
c 2 ( p  q)2
  2c ( p  q)
2 2
4p q

c 2 ( p  q)2 c 2
2
 > ( p  q)@
2 2
4
4p q
OR 2
? RC OR

15(b)(i)

sin  A  B   sin  A  B 

sin A cos B  cos A sin B  sin A cos B  cos A sin B

2sin A cos B

15(b)(ii)

n 1

LHS

cos x

RHS

3
1
sin x  sin x
2
2
1
2sin x
2

1
2cos x sin x
2
1
2sin x
2

cos x

? true for n 1

Assume true for n k

cos x  cos 2 x  cos3 x  ...  cos kx

1
sin k  x  sin x
2

2
1
2sin x
2

Prove true for n k  1

3

1
sin k  x  sin x
2

2
RTP : Sk 1
1

2sin x
2
Now Sk 1 Sk  cos  k  1 x
1

1
sin k  x  sin x
2

2  cos k  1 x
 
1

2sin x
2
1

1
1
sin k  x  sin x  2sin x cos  k  1 x
2

2
2
1
2sin x
2
1
1

1
1

sin k  x  sin x  sin x   k  1 x  sin  k  1 x  x

2
2

2
2

1

2sin x
2
1
1
3

sin k  x  sin x  sin k  x  sin k  x

2
2
2

1
2sin x
2
3

1
sin k  x  sin x
2

2
1
2sin x
2
? true for n k  1
Now the statement is true for n 1 and we have just proved it
true for n k  1.
? It is true for n 1  1, i,.e n 2, 3,....
Hence it is true for all positive integers n

15(a)(iii)

1
1

sin 8  2 x  sin  2 x 
2
2

1
2sin  2 x 
2

cos 2 x  cos 4 x  cos 6 x  ...  cos16 x

sin17 x  sin x
2sin x
sin  9 x  8 x   sin  9 x  8 x 
2sin x
2cos9 x sin 8 x
2sin x
sin 8 x 2sin 4 x cos 4 x
4sin 2 x cos 2 x cos 4 x

8sin x cos x cos 2 x cos 4 x

2cos9 x sin 8 x 8cos9 x sin x cos x cos 2 x cos 4 x
?
2sin x
sin x
8cos9 x cos x cos 2 x cos 4 x

Question
16(a)
End points of latus rectum are

Working
 2a, a  and  2a, a 

Solution

2a x2
4a 
dx
2 a 4a
2

Area

2a
1
x3

2 a
12a
2
8a
4a 2 
6
2
8a
unit 2
3

4a 2 

16(b)(i)
at x
2

y
4

y2
y

h2
16
h2
4
4
1

r2 1 

h2
16

For parabola 2a
a

1

? Area

3
2 1

h2
16

h2
16
8 h2
1 
3 16

16  h 2
units 2
6
2a

OR use Simpsons rule OR A 2 a  y dx

0

16(b)(ii)

16  h 2
wh
6

wV

lim

xo

h 4

16  h 2
wh
6

416  h 2
2
dh
6
0
4

1
h3
16
h


3
3 0

1
64
64   0

3
3
128

2
units3 or 14
9
9

Volume
16(c)(i)

so t

Vx sin T V 2 sin 2 T
 gx 2


2V 2 cos 2 T V cos T
g

becomes y

When, y

V 2 sin 2 T
 gx 2 sec2 T
 x tan T 
2
2V
g

? y

16(c)(ii)

x
V cos T
V 2 sin 2 T
 gt 2
in y
 Vt sin T 
2
g

Given x Vt cos T

V 2 sin 2 T
 gx sec2 T
x

tan

T
g
2V 2

V 2 sin 2 T
 gx 2 sec2 T
 x tan T 
2
g
2V

g sec 2 T V 2 sin 2 T
u
g
2V 2
2
 g sec T
V2

 tan T r tan 2 T  4 u
x

 tan T r tan 2 T  2 tan 2 T

 g sec 2 T
V2
 tan T r 3 tan 2 T
 g sec2 T
V2

 tan T 

3 tan T V 2

g sec T

or

V tan T 1  3
2

g sec T
2

 tan T 

3 tan T V 2

g sec T
2

V tan T 1  3
2

or

g sec T
2

V 1  3 sin T cos T
2

g
since 1  3  0 this value of x occurs to the left of the y  axis
So x

OR

V 2 1  3 sin 2T
2g

as required.

16(c)(ii)

When, y
0 

gt 2
V 2 sin 2 T
 Vt sin T 
g
2

g V 2 sin 2 T
V sin T r V sin T  4 u u
g
2
g
2u
2
2

V sin T r V 2 sin 2 T  2V 2 sin 2 T

g
V sin T r 3V 2 sin 2 T
g
V sin T r V sin T 3
g

V sin T 1 r 3
g

V sin T 1  3

But t ! 0

sub into x Vt cos T

x V cos T u

V sin T 1  3

V 2 sin T cos T 1  3
g
V2

sin 2T
1 3
2
g

V 2 sin 2T 1  3
g

16(c)(iii)

From part  ii  the range of the projectile is given by x

V 2 1  3 sin 2T
2g

V 2 1 3

The near edge of the dam is located at

, 0

4g

At this point,

V 2 1 3

4g

? sin 2T
2T

V 2 1  3 sin 2T
2g

1
2
30 ,150
150 ,...

T 15 , 75 since
0  T  90
i

V 2 1 3

V 2 3 3

V2

The far edge of the dam is located at


, 0 that is, at
, 0

4g
2g
4g

At this point,

V 2 3 3

4g

V 2 1  3 sin 2T

2g

3 3

2 1  3 sin 2T

sin 2T

3 3
22 3
3 3 2 2 3
u
22 3 22 3

sin 2T
2T

66 3 2 3 6
4  12
4 3
8
3
2
60 ,120
120 ,...
30 , 60

0  T  90