2015 SLN Cat Lores

St.
Lawrence Nurseries
NORTHERN CLIMATE FRUIT AND NUT TREES

2015
CATALOG
Retirement Issue
DEADLINE FOR
SPRING SHIPMENT:
APRIL 10TH POSTMARK
325 STATE HWY 345
POTSDAM, NEW YORK 13676
E-mailtrees@sln.potsdam.ny.us
315-265-6739
World Wide Webhttp://www.sln.potsdam.ny.us
WHAT IS YOUR USDA GROWING ZONE?

Our trees are grown in a Zone 3/4 location where they have
been tested against temperatures of -30 o, -40o and occasionally even -50o F. (ambient temperature, no wind chill.)Most
commercial nursery stock is grown in Zones 5 or warmer,
where the coldest winter extremes are -20o F. A plant that is
hardy only to -20 o F. may, with luck, survive one or two
mild winters in Zone 3 or 4, but will eventually winterkill. If
this has happened to you, take heart! You don't have a black
thumb; you just need varieties that are hardy enough. We
rate our trees according to winter hardiness and guarantee
their survival. Even if you live in USDA Zone 3 or 4, you
can
grow fruit and nut trees. All you need are the right varieties!
St. Lawrence
Nurseries
Zone 3
Thanks to Storey Communications, Inc.,

Schoolhouse Road, Pownal, VT 05261, for allowing the use of the North American Hardiness Zones map above. From The Big Book of
Gardening Skills, 1993, p. 168.
We support the National Junior Horticulture Association, which promotes and sponsors educational programs for youth.
Visit their website at www.njha.org.
2
OFF SEASON & BUSINESS HOURS
St Lawrence Nurseries is a family farm and the homestead of Bill and

Diana MacKentley. As such, we are usually here to receive visitors,
but are outdoors much of the time from May through October. If you
plan to stop by, call us at (315) 265-6739. You can leave a message
on our machine, and we will return your call in the evening. For local
customers, we do not fill orders on the spot...all orders, even those for
pickup, must be received by our deadline of April 10. Although preordered plants can be picked up at the nursery only during April, you
are welcome to come any time of year to visit, see the various trees and
edible shrubs that we grow, ask questions and give us your ideas.
ABOUT OUR TREES

Organically Grown
Because we are committed to preserving the health of the air, water,
and soil, (and ourselves) we use no conventional herbicides, fungiWHO WE ARE & OUR RETIREMENT
St Lawrence Nurseries was begun in the 1920's, and was originally cides or pesticides. Instead of artificial fertilizers, we rely on mulch,
manure, and cover crops to boost soil and plant health. We use natural
the endeavor of Fred L. Ashworth, of Heuvelton, NY, a farmer
immune boosters like compost tea to help our plants fight disease
with an interest in growing and propagating fruits and nuts for
northern climates. Bill MacKentley met Fred in 1971, and within naturally. In our orchard, a regimen of Neem Oil and kaolin clay gives
us fruit that is safe to eat, delicious and nutritious. Rather than using
a few years they developed a relationship that became almost as
mechanical digging machines, we hand-plant, hand-weed and handstrong as family ties. Fred was self-taught, but extremely
dig all of our stock.
knowledgeable and well-read. During his lifetime he had tried
many fruits and nuts in this northern climate, learning what
What Our Trees are Not
survives and what winterkills here, and had recorded his
Our
trees
are
not
like
the trees that you often see lined up at your local
observations in single-space typed or laboriously hand-written
pages. Fred traded information, scionwood and cuttings with other garden center in springtime: tall, beefy specimens grown in a
plant-breeders in a forum of letters called a round-robin through favorable climate (Zones 5 to 7) and pushed with nitrogen fertilizers.
organizations like NAFEX (North American Fruit Explorers) and Heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers produces a top-heavy tree
with a disproportionately small root, which is then machine-dug
NNGA (Northern Nut Growers Assn.) In addition to supporting
(often cutting or damaging roots in the process) and shipped, first from
his family through farm labor and working for the County on the
road crew, Fred grafted and sold fruit trees in a small business he grower to wholesaler, then from wholesaler to retailera journey
which often leaves the tree water-stressed. The root is encased in
called St Lawrence Nurseries. When Fred died in 1977, we
fertilizer-enhanced media and potted or wrapped in burlap, which the
purchased the land where he had done much of his grafting and
customer is instructed not to remove, making it impossible to deterbreeding in Potsdam, NY. In 1981, we produced our first St
mine the condition of the tree's root system. Although trees should be
Lawrence Nurseries catalog. Now, 34 years later, we will be
planted when they are dormant, garden centers often sell them in full
ending our retail catalog sales after the 2015 Spring shipping
leaf. Trees sold in this way are almost never covered by a guarantee.
season. As we look forward to a quieter life in retirement on our
farm, we know that Fred's legacy lives on in the fruit /nut trees and
What Our Trees Are
edible plants that we have supplied to thousands of cold climate
customers throughout the country. St Lawrence Nurseries may be Our trees are grown here in a northern climate (USDA Zone 3)
Trees that are
carried on by younger people in the future, but there will probably because we are growing trees for northern climates.
o
o
be a gap in availability of our hardy fruit and nut trees/berry bushes unable to withstand temperatures of minus 30 to minus 40 F will not
survive our winters, and if we cannot grow it here, we dont sell it.
and edible landscaping plants for a year or two to allow for this
However, trees do grow more slowly in cold locations with short
transition.
growing seasons, and nurseries are not exempt from this law of nature.
Diana & Bill MacKentley
We do not push our trees with artificial fertilizers, but use natural
methods to encourage an optimum growth rate. The result is a smaller,
OUR LOCATION
St. Lawrence Nurseries is located north of the village of Potsdam but tougher tree with a more balanced proportion of root to top,
on Route 345. We are about 20 miles from the Canadian border in which will establish itself well and harden off properly before winter.
If you live in USDA Zone 3 or 4, you've probably been disappointed
the northernmost part of New York State. The USDA Plant
before by trees that were proclaimed to be cold hardy. Where was
Hardiness Zone Map at left designates our area as Zone 3 (-40o to
o
F winters hasproven
-30o F. average annual minimum temp.) In the past, our region has the tree grown? A tree that has been through -40
itself to be truly cold hardy. This means that a tree from our nursery
experienced a number of test winters where readings have
will grow for you even if you live in a severely cold climate, whereas
reached -50 o F. (actual temperature, no wind chill.) At these
temperatures, only truly hardy plants survive; more tender varieties a tree from a conventional nursery located in a warmer growing zone
may winterkill or simply survive without much growth or fruit. Hardy
are weeded out. There are almost no other fruit and nut tree
nurseries growing their stock in a Zone 3 location. Most grow their trees are our specialty.
stock in Zones 5, 6 or 7, where plants are never exposed to -50o,
-40o or even -30 o F. If you live in Zone 3 or 4, where these
Guarantee
temperatures are a fact of life, a plant that is hardy to only -20o
As your supplier, our job is to ship you a healthy plant that is true to
F. will sustain winter damage in spite of wraps or other heroic
name and claim. As the customer, your job is proper planting,
efforts. In contrast, our nursery stock will survive the toughest of
mulching and regular watering of that plant, and protection from mice,
climates. If we cant grow it here, we dont sell it.
rabbits, deer and other plant-munching creatures. If a plant dies
anytime within its first growing season, contact us. We will work with
CATALOGS
you to determine the fairest course of action. If it seems that the plant
We produce our catalog on recycled paper, and send it to customers did not survive in spite of proper care on your part, we will replace it
on our mailing list once a year (bulk mailing arriving in Jan/Feb,
at no charge. In some cases, we may ask you to pay for shipping or
additional requests sent out first class through early April).We do
offer to split the cost of replacement with you. Tell us what went
not sell or give away names from our mailing list. Remember
wrong, and we'll try to help you figure out what you can do to
when ordering to provide us with your winter mailing address for guarantee success with the next planting.
catalogs if it is different from the address on the order blank.
3
APPLE TREES FOR NORTHERN CLIMATES
APPLES
Our apple trees, like many fruit trees, are propagated by grafting: joining a scion
(which becomes the fruiting part, or top of the tree) to a rootstock (which
becomes the root of the tree.) This grafting allows the two
parts to grow together and function as a single
plant. Although the rootstock has an influence
on the ultimate size and hardinesss of the tree,
the scion alone determines what kind of fruit the
tree will yield. Therefore, when we produce fruit trees for
northern climates, there are two things to consider:
1) which rootstock to use 2) which cultivars
(cultivated varieties) to graft onto that rootstock.
Both must be hardy and vigorous enough to withstand the
lowest winter temperatures and grow strongly during a
short season.
Rootstock. The rootstock determines the ultimate size
of the tree. Generally, there are standard, dwarf and
semi-dwarf rootstocks. Choosing one or the other of these
rootstocks does not influence the type of fruit yielded by a tree,
but for Northern growers it can have a huge effect on how
winter-hardy the tree is, how well it grows, and whether it produces a crop. Dwarf trees
are made by grafting onto rootstocks that are inherently weak growers; they stunt the
growth of the tree.There is a popular notion that dwarf trees will produce fruit sooner, but
in USDA Zone 3 or 4, the use of a dwarfing rootstock can cause even a hardy cultivar to
winterkill or to simply linger season after season with minimal growth and no fruit. If you
live in a northern climate with a short growing season, dwarf trees will not work for you. You
need a rootstock that will grow strongly for 2-3 months and then start hardening off for
winter. We do not grow or sell dwarf or semi-dwarf apple trees, because they do not have
the hardiness, vigor, and disease resistance needed to thrive in our northern climate.
For
our apple trees we use the Russian rootstockAntonovka, an extremely hardy and vigorous
standard size rootstock which can produce strong growth during our limited growing
season. Standard means only that
Antonovka is not a dwarfing rootstock; it will not limit
the growth and thus the ultimate size of the tree, but rather will allow it to grow freely to its
full size, about 12-15 feet. For growers in Zones 3 and 4, an appleAntonovka
on
standard
rootstock will be much hardier, grow more vigorously, and bear fruit sooner and in greater
quantity than the same apple on dwarfing rootstock. If you wish a smaller tree, this can be
accomplished by pruning. A well-pruned apple tree onAntonovka rootstock, when grown
in Zones 3-5, will be equivalent to a semi-dwarf tree in size (10-12 feet at maturity), and
it will have many advantages. For instance, your tree will have the vigor to compete with
grass that grows near the base of the tree, while a dwarf tree must have clean culture (no
sod) to the drip line. It will not need to be guyed or staked, whereas dwarf trees tend to be
shallow-rooted and usually require some support. Your tree might well be producing fruit
for your great-grandchildren, while dwarf trees must be replanted every 10-20 years. Finally,
the crop yielded by your mature standard tree will be many times greater than that of a dwarf
or semidwarf tree.
Cultivars. In the apple table on pages 5-12, we list over 170 varieties of apples that can be
grown in our climate. The hardiness ratings (from hardiest to least hardy: EVMP) in the
table can help narrow the choice for those in colder areas. Or, consider one or more of the
special price packages or our picks listed at the top of the page 5.
CHOOSING A SITE FOR YOUR APPLE TREES
Apples like light, fertile soils and a south-facing slope if available. Your trees will grow faster
on a well drained, sandy loam soil. They will not grow at all in wet, heavy clay or pure sand.
Another consideration is proximity to your dwelling, especially for fruit trees, which require care
every year. Will it be out of sight, out of mind?
Be sure that water can be provided at the site.Each treeshould receive5 to 10 gal.of water
per dayuntil the end of May, and the same amount at least two to three times per week until midJuly (August in a dry year.)
Planting. Get your trees in the ground as soon as you can. Have the holes dug before the trees
arrive if possible. For details on planting, see our Planting Guide: [http://www.sln.potsdam.ny.us/
pg.html] or hard copy by mail on p. 34. A free copy will be sent with your plant order.
Spacing. Plant your apple trees 25 feet apart if they are to be kept well-pruned, 35 feet if they
will be allowed to grow to full size.
Apple pollination. Most of the apple cultivars that we offer are self-fruitful, i.e. they do not need
to be planted near a different variety of apple to produce fruit. However, since even self-fruitful
varieties can often produce better crops with cross-pollination, we recommend that the backyard
gardener plant more than one apple variety in his/her orchard location.
How long before it fruits? An apple tree from our nursery, planted in good soil, and
maintained adequately by its new owner (rabbit protection, pruning, mulching with
manure, attention to pest problems) can be expected to bear its first fruit in 3-5 years.
4
DR(sfr) Disease Resistance:

In the code column of the
apple listing on pp. 5-12, you will
see some apples tagged DR with
the subscript s (scab), f
(fireblight), or r (cedar apple rust).
These are apples which are less
susceptible (but not immune) to
these diseases.
However, don't pass over a variety simply because it is not a
DR. DR does not mean no
spray or low maintenance.
Insects like disease resistant
trees as well as normal trees.
Choose your trees first for vigor
and fruit quality, second for disease resistance.
Keeping your tree healthy will
help it fend off disease. Conversely,
any tree that is under stress will be
more likely to fall prey to disease,
whether or not it is genetically
disease resistant.
Code:
a-notably annual bearer (this
does not mean other cultivars will
not bear annually)
b-baking
c-cider
e-eating
f-ornamental flowers
g-jelly
j-juicy
k-keeper
l-large fruit
o-aromatic
p-productive
r-ripens over long season
s-sauce
u-unusual flavor
v-vigorous
y-bears young
$-sells well at market stands
Hardiness:
E Extremely hardy,
to -50oF or colder.
V Very hardy, to -50o F
with occasional winter injury.
M Moderately hardy, to -40o F
with occasional winter injury.
P May need extra protection.
Hardy only to -30o or -40o F.
Season: This refers to season of ripening and will vary with location. For
instance, Yellow Transparent, which
ripens here around Aug 1st, is ripe
approximately one month later in Anchorage, AK. Our seasons in Potsdam
may be roughly defined as:
Early end of July thru mid-Aug
Mid end of August thru Sept
Late First week of Oct and later
PRICE: Apple trees are 2 to 4 ft. Price is $24 per tree. Special low price apple packages and our pick apples are listed below.
APPLE PACKAGE SPECIALS
The packages below contain a mixture of apples for dessert, cooking, home processing, and cider that will ripen at different ti
mes
throughout the season. There is also a package of flowering crabs. Package prices apply ONLY to the following combinations. We
reserve the right to substitute in packages if necessary.
Package of Five
$110
Package #3
Package #1
Alton
(super cold-hardy)
Britemac
Ben Davis
George Webster
Heyer 12
Package #2
King Luscious
Noran
Oriole
Purdy
(old varieties)
State Fair
Bethel
Duchess
Hadlock Reinette
Northern Spy
Tolman Sweet
Ornamental &
Wildlife Package
$110
Package #4
Adirondack Crab
Chestnut Crab
Dolgo Crab
Ormiston Roy
Sherry
Package of Ten
$210
Package #6
Package #5
(old varieties)
Anoka
Canada Baldwin
Marlin Stephens
Dudley
McIntosh
Magog Redstreak
Minnesota 1734
Maidenblush
Quinte
Original McIntosh
Regent
Milwaukee
Valentine
Red Astrachan
Vista Bella
St Lawrence
Wilson Juicy
Scott Winter
Wodarz
WhiteWinter Pearmain
OUR PICK APPLES $20/EACH

Its always frustrating to see beautifully grown
young apple trees with lesser-known names go
unsold. As an encouragement to our customers to try a variety they may never have heard
of, we are offering OUR PICK apples at a
bargain price. You choose the type of apple
you are looking for, we choose a tree from some
of the best in the nursery that fit that description.
Heritage apple, our pick

Early apple, our pick
Good keeper, our pick
Good pie apple, our pick
Late-season apple, our pick
Good eating apple, our pick
Super cold-hardy apple, our pick

Good sauce apple, our pick
Good cider/juice apple, our pick
APPLE VARIETIES: pp. 5-12

Cultivar
Hardiness Parentage
Color
Season Description
Adanac
E Battleford open
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015 pollinated
Yellow, striped,
red wash
Early-mid Small size; good cooking apple, will keep 2-3 months in
Adirondack Crab
Red
NA
Longlasting, profuse clusters of white flowers give way to

tiny (1/4") fruit which hang on the tree well into winter.
Red or striped
Mid
Large size, good cooking qualities.(Great pie apple!)

Ripens continuously over several weeks.
Red
Mid
Produces heavy clusters o f 1 to 1 1/ 2 inch c rabapples that

hang on the tree all winter. A late winter feast of fermented
fruit and seeds for wildlife!
Alexander*
OUT OF STOCK
All Winter
Hangover+
OUT OF STOCK
Almata
Unknown
E Russian importation
FOR 2015
E-V Crab seedling
FOR 2015
V Beautiful Arcade X
Fluke 38 C rab
Solid red
Alton
Early cIntosh
M
NY 845
Anoka
Mercer X Duchess
Red-yellow
Antonovka*
Early Russian
Yellow
storage. Super cold-hardy.
Late-mid A very large redflesh apple, useful for sauce, pickling, etc.
to Late Dark pink flowers.
Red wash over

yellow
Early
White, fine-grained flesh bleeding to pink when fully ripe.

Pleasant flavor, good for eating or cooking. Not a keeper.
Early-mid Bears at a young age. Good for sauce and baking.
Code
b
f
b, l, r
DRs
f, p
c, f,
l, s
b, e, s
b, s , y
Mid
Make a Russian friend smile--give he r an A ntonovka tree!

Pretty pink-tinged flowers and large, yellow apples. High
acid/sugar ratio makes it good for pies.
b, f, l
Ashmeades
M Old English, unknown Red-yellow
Kernel* OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
russet
Late
Fruit of highest quality. Will keep 3-4 months. Makes

excellent-tasting cider.
c, e , k
Atlas
Mid
Tender skin, good eating and cooking apple. White flesh

against dark red skin. Tree a strong grower & productive.
b, e
k, p , v
Winter St Lawrence
X Duchess
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
*old variety
Red
+St. Lawrence Nurseries introduction
DR Disease Resistance to sscab, ffireblight, rcedar apple rust
$24 each 2 to 4 ft. trees

Cultivar
Hardiness Parentage
APPLE VARIETIES, continued

Color
Season Description
Code
Autumn Arctic*+
seedling of Arctic
Red-yellow,
striped
Mid
Medium to large fruit; good tasting, productive, scabresistant. Introduced by Fred L. Ashworth i n 1952 as a
hardier al ternative to B aldwin.
e, p
DRs
Bancroft
McIntosh X Forest
Red
Late
Quality moderately good when ripe, improve s with storage.

Exceptional keeper. Tree bears at a young age.
k, y
Beacon
Malinda X Wealthy
Red
Early
to M id
Sweet, good-tasting and juicy. Flesh s ometimes s tained

with red. Tree productive, resistant to scab and fireblight.
e, j, p
DRsf
Bechtel Crab
Malus ioensis
open pollinated
Gree n
NA
A feast for the ey es & nose, Bechtel's flo wers are delicate
light pink and multi-petaled like miniature roses. Extremely
sweet-smelling, perfuming the air when in blossom.
f, o
Grows v igorously and fruits annually at a y oung age. Fruit

quality fair...somewhat d ry...best after s everal m onths i n
storage. Keeps in common storage until Spring.
a, k , p,
v, y
e, k, $
Ben Davis*
E-V Unknown
Yellow, deep
red striping
Early to
Mid
Bethel*
E-V Blue P earmain type

from B ethel, V T
Red, striped
Late
An excellent k eeper with crisp, firm, yellowish flesh.
Blue P earmain*
V Old American,
unknown
Red
Late
Mild and aromatic, with firm, dense flesh. Will keep all
winter.
e, k
Bonkers
Deep red
Late
Very large fruit with good acidity and flavor. Excellent allpurpose apple, and particularly good for cider. Vigorous
grower. Named by Michael Phillips.
b, c,
e, l
V-M Liberty X
Red Delicious
Britemac
Melba X Kildare
Red, striped
Mid
Flesh white, juicy and crisp. Eating quality as good or

better than McIntosh.
e, j, $
Brown Betty+
Antonovka seedling
Yellow
Late
This apple will freeze right on the tree, becoming "bletted"

turning into lovely apple ge lata. Rich tasting, great k eeper.
e, k , o
Bullock*
Golden Russet X
Unknown
Yellow,
some russet
Late
Fruit small, flesh ye llow with a mild, rich, spicy flavor.

Great for c ider.
c, u
Burgundy
Monroe X NY 18491 Dark Red
Mid
Very high quality dessert apple. Beautiful appearance.

Hangs well without premature drop. Tree a v igorous
grower, b ears annually.
a, e ,
v, $
Cameo
(P)
Unknown
Dryden, WA
Yellow-green,
bright red stripe
Late
Attractive, medium to large apple with sweet-tart flavor-very

good eating. Good keeper. Hardiness still in question.
e, k
Canada Baldwin*
open poll seedling

of Pomme de Fer
Gree n, blushed
or striped red
Mid
Flesh white tinged with red. J uicy, excellent fres eating and
cider. B ears annually; he avy c ropper.
Not related to B aldwin.
a, c , e
m, p
Carroll
Moscow Pear
seedling
Red
Excellent eating apple, also go od for cooking. Strong

branching hab it; annual b earer.
a, b , e
Chenango
Strawberry*
Old American,
unknown
Yellow wi th
red striping
Chestnut Crab
V Malinda X Crab
Red-yellow,
russeted
Connell Red
V McIntosh X Longfield Red
Early
Early-mid Beautiful fruit with an exaggerated "Delicious" shape.
Excellent dessert quality. A nnual b earer, ripening o ver l ong

season.
a, e , r
Mid
Crab or not, Chestnut is one of the best-flavored apples

going. Makes superb rich cider. Fruit 2 to 2/12 in.
Late
A deep red form of Fireside. Large apples are s weet and

aromatic. Great eating & keeping quality.
e, k, o
DRr
c, e,
f, v
Cortland
V-M Ben Davis X

McIntosh
Red
Mid to
Late
Flesh white, slow to discolor on exposure to air. Good allaround apple, favored for cooking and cider.
a, b ,
c, e
Crimson Beauty*
E-V Fameuse family
Red striped
Early
One of the earliest red apples. Nice tart flavor. White flesh
w/ occasional red s treaking; great for sauce and cooking.
b, s
Yellow
Early
Large fruit; good for fresh eating and culinary use.

Tolerant to fireblight. Annual b earer.
Red
Mid to
Late
High quality dessert apple with distinctive flavor. Keeps all

winter. Resistant to scab.
e, k , u
DRs
b, c, e,
j, l, $
DRs
Dakota Gold
E-V Unknown; ND State
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015 Un iv in tro
Davey
V-M McIntosh
open pollinated
Disease-Resistant V Unknown
McIntosh
Striped, Red
Mid
We acquired this cultivar years ago from a local orchardist.

Identical to McIntosh but resistant to s cab and , to a
lesser extent, other fungal & bacterial diseases. Great
flavor.
Dodd Banana*+
Red, Yellow
Mid
A s pecialty ap ple with a banana aroma; hardier than i ts

purported parent. Good all-purpose apple.
*old variety
6
Unknown--possibly
Winter B anana X ?
a, b ,
e, l , DRf
o, u

Cultivar
Hardiness Parentage
Dolgo Crab*
E Siberian c rab

Color
Season Description
Red
Douglas
V Stone X Duchess
Red-yellow
Wormless+
Duchess*
E Russian importation Red striped,
yellow b lush
Mid
Small, good-flavored fruit that is highly ornamental and

great for j elly. Cl assic " flowering c rab" wi th e arly white
blooms. Fireblight and s cab resistant.
f, g
DRsf
Mid
Medium to large, very good, sweet eating apple. Keeps

well. Resistant to tent c aterpillar and s cab. As c lose to
""no spray"" as it gets.
e, k
DRs
Early to Famous old apple of Russian origin. Medium to large

early-mid size, pleasant taste, excellent cooking quality.
Dudley*
Duchess
open pollinated
Yellow with red

stripes
Early Cortland
Cortland X Lodi
Green with
red striping
Early Harvest*
E Unknown
Yellow
Early McIntosh
V McIntosh X Y. Trans. Yellow,
red striped
Mid
b, l, s
DRs
Earrly
Fruit similar to Cortland, but tarter. Stores well for an early

apple. Tree a vigorous grower.
b, s, v
Early
A very early apple which is good for sauce. Known for

180 y ears.
early-Mid White, tender flesh with pleasant, sprightly flavor. Good for
home and lo cal m arkets.
Red, striped
Late
Attractive fruit with rich, sweet, yellowish flesh.

Tree bears he avily and i s long-lived.
Egremont Russet*
Yellow russet
Late
Small, very high quality. Good for cider. Like all russets,
this is a good keeper.
Empire
McIntosh X
Red
Red Delicious
Enigma
E Haralson X Rescue Yellow, he avy
red blush
Enterprise
Fameuse*
M-P PRI series

Co-op 30
Red
Seed from France Yellow, red

aka "Snow Apple"
Fireside
E-V McIntosh X
Red, striped
Longfield
Freedom
(Macoun X
Antonovka)
X NY49821-46
Frostbite
V aka M N 447
b, e
DRs
Big, attractive. Makes great sauce and baked apple.
Eastman Sweet*+
E Old native,
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015 unknown
Old English
Code
late-Mid Grown by many commercial orchards. Good for cider.

Quality excellent, storage qualities good. Bears at a
young age, annual bearer. Not s elf-fruitful.
b, s
e, $
e, p
c, e , k
DRs
a, c ,
k, y
Mid
Very large, round, aromatic apple good for cooking and

fresh e ating. Similar to Norkent.
b, e, l
Late
Firm, crisp, d isease-resistant ap ple with a sharp flavor that

mellows after storage. Thick skinned, very good keeper,
annual b earer. Field-immune to s cab.
b, k
DRsfr
Early to Known among old-timers as the "Snow apple". White,

early-mid juicy flesh, sometimes tinged with red straks. Excellent for
c, e , j,
$
eating and for cider.
Late
An excellent dessert apple. Good keeper, resistant to

cedar-apple rust.
e, k
DRr
Red, striped
Late
A good quality fresh-eating, cider and cooking apple.

Keeps well in storage. Tree is vigorous and disease
resistant. Natural semi-dwarf. (Plant Patent # 5723.)
b, c, e,
k, v
DRsfr
Dark Red
Late
Small (2 1/2 inches), with an i ntense tart/sweet flavor and

crisp, j uicy te xture. Grandparent to Honeycrisp, and used
since the 1920's i n Mi nnesota's b reeding program.
c, e ,
j, o , u
Garfield King+
seedling of
Yellow
Yellow Transparent
Early
Found g rowing ne ar Fort Kent, ME. A v ery hardy tree that

is a thrifty grower and hardens off early for winter. Brought
to o ur attention by Garfield K ing.
v, s , p
George Webster+
Unknown
Yellow-red
Late
A large late-winter keeper. Good baking apple.
b, k, l
Yellow with
red blush
Mid
Sweet-tart, fi rm, c risp . E xce llent fo r eating, b aking , an d

sauce. Slow to oxidize. "Official apple of Virginia," where it
originated. Keeps 2-3 months in cold storage.
b, e, $
Ginger Gold
M-P Golden Delicious,

Albemarle Pippin
Glover Goldie
Tolman Sweet
open pollinated?
Yellow
Mid
A l arge a pple resembling Golden Delicious i n both flavor

and quality. Keeps well in storage.
e, k, l
Golden R usset*
English Russet
seedling
Yellow russet
Late
Yields the best-flavored cider. Hard fruit; stores all winter.

When using for cider, mix with juicy varieties to get a good
blend of flavor and volume.
c, e , k,
o, $
DRs
Goldrush
Golden Delicious X Yellow

PRI 1689-110
Late
A fi rm, c risp a pp le w ith c omple x fl avo r th at is go od to

exce lle nt eat ing a t h arve st and imp roves w ith storage .
Excellent keeper. Scab-resistant.
e, k, $
DRs
Goodland
Mid
Flesh c risp , j uicy and te nde r, mak es d elicious aro matic

sauce a nd i s a lso a n ex cellent ea ting a pple. P roductive;
annual b earer.
a, e , j,
o, p, s
Patten Greening
open pollinated
*old variety
Red, yellow

7

Cultivar
Hardiness Parentage
Goodmac
Gravenstein*
Code
Color
Season Description
E-V Goodland X
McIntosh
Yellow
Late-mid Medium-large fruit with cream-colored flesh that is crisp and
M-P Unknown
Yellow-green
washed
crimson
Mid to A very old apple from Denmark dating back to 1669. It has
late-Mid a sweet/tart flavor and is good for eating, sauce and pi es.
b, e,
r, s
Grimes Golden*
Golden yellow
Mid-late Given the rating of ""very good t o best"" by Beach i n The
e, o, $
Hadlock
Reinette*+
M-P Unknown
M
McIntosh X
Golden Russet
Haralred
E Red selection
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015 of Haralson
Haralson
E Malinda X Wealthy
Hazen
Heyer 12
E-V Duchess X
Starking Delicious
E
Russian
mild with e xcellent flavor.
Fine-grained, light yellow flesh. Ripens over a long season.
Apples of New York. Excellent fresh eating. Nicely textured,

crisp, aromatic. Not a good keeper.
Bronze
Bright red
Late
Juicy, flavorful. Flesh firm and fine textured. Good for eating
or cider. Similar to Golden Russet.
c, e , k
DRs
Mid to
Late
Fruit firm with white flesh, a bit sweeter than Haralson. Good
keeper. Some resistance to fireblight.
e, k
DRf
Yellow and red,

striped
Late-mid Vig oro us and p ro d uctive t ree . F irm, w hite f le sh. Mi ld ,

to Late pleasant taste ; g o o d fo r c o o king a nd c id e r. Mod e rate
b, c,
e, p, v
DRf
Red
Early to Good-tasting, firm, juicy. Produces a naturally semi-dwarfed

early-mid tree. Bears at a y oung age.
e, j, y
Greenish yellow
Early to Super-hardy. F ruit med ium s ize, juicy, a cid , mod erate ly
early-mid coarse. Good for sauce and pies. Tree very vigorous; does
b, j, s,
v, y
Late mid A sweet, exceptionally crisp-textured apple rated superior to
e, k, $
resistance to fireblight.
well where few other varieties survive. Bears at young age.
Honeycrisp
Keepsake X
Unknown
Red/Yellow
McIntosh and Delicious for fresh eating. Good keeper.
Honeygold
E-V Haralson X
Golden Delicious
Yellow
Late
The n o rth's a nswe r t o Ye llow De licious. F lavo r similar;

superior storage qualities.
e, k, $
Iowa Beauty
E-V Unknown;
Patten i ntroduction
Yellow
and red
Early
A high quality culinary/dessert apple. Very juicy with a sweet

tang; the core becomes pink sugar when overripe.
b, e, j
Early
Attractive apple with good tart/sweet balance; good for eating

and sauce. Does not keep.
b, e,
j, s
Early-mid Originated in Colton, NY on the Howard Jenner farm. Good
c, e , j
Irish P each*
Irish seedling X
Yellow Transparent
Yellow
Jenner Sweet*+
Fameuse X c rab
Yellow,
red stripes
Jonamac
Jonathan X M cIntosh Red
flavored, sweet apple. Similar to Fameuse.
Late
Attractive, firm fruit with flavor similar to McIntosh; fruit hangs

well on tree. Great for eating and sauce.
e, s, $
Jordan Russet+
E Unknown
Yellow russet
with red blush
Late-mid Juicy, hard, excellent keeper. Makes delicious cider.

to l ate
c, j, k
DRs
Joyce
McIntosh
X
Liveland Raspberry
Yellow, washed
crimson
Mid to Canadian c ultivar. J uicy, white-fleshed, ar omatic. S omewhat

late-mid similar to McIntosh.
e, j, o
Kaneb Sweet+
Tolman Sweet X
Yellow Transparent
Yellow
Kathryn's
Favorite+
Unknown
Early
Small t o m e dium-sized a pple. Tende r-skinned, j uicy and

sweet. Excellent fresh eating and for sauce. K eeps 2 to 3
months i n storage.
e, j, s
Yellow w/ red
wash & stripes
Mid
A rich-flavored, s weet and spicy a pple ex cellent f or fresh

eating. Keeps well. Named for Fred L Ashworth's daughter.
e, k
Red
Late
Very high dessert quality; firm, crisp, juicy and sweet.

Excellent keeper. Univ of MN introduction.
e, k, $
Red
Mid
One of the very best apple-crabs. Stores well; good fresh,

especially after storage, excellent for cooking & juice;
annually p roductive. White flowers
a, b, e,
k, j, p
Greenish-yellow
overlaid w/ red
Late
Very large. The flesh is yellowish-white, fine-grained, crisp

and juicy. Flavorful, great for baking or cooking.
b, l
Knobbed
V-M Unknown
Russet* OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
Deep russet w/
bumps & knobs
Late
Crisp , rich, hi g h qua lity for e ating or c ide r. H igh s ug ar

content. Also known as "Winter Apple."
c, e , k
DRs
Leafland
Greening*
Unknown
Green/Yellow
Mid
Green cooking apple especially nice for pies, cobblers,

etc.
Liberty
Macoun X
Perdue 54-12
Deep red
Late
Juicy, fine-textured white flesh with good flavor. Resistant to

scab, fireblight, cedar apple rust, and mildew.
Keepsake
Kerr Ap ple-Crab
King Luscious
*old variety
8
V-M Frostbite X
Northern S py
E
Dolgo X Haralson
V-M Uncertain -N. Carolina, 1935
b
e, j, $
DRsfr

Cultivar
Hardiness Parentage
Lodi
Montgomery X
Yellow Transparent

Color
Season Description
Early
Very similar to Yellow Transparent, but larger and stores

better.
b, e,
l, s
Early
All the good qualities of McIntosh, with disease resistance

to b oot! B red i n Canada, released 1974.
e, j
DRsfr
Mid
Similar to McIntosh. Good eating apple. Flesh is white,

highly flavored, aromatic.
e, o
Red
Mid
A spur-type McIntosh with he avier yields and compact

growth habit. Very resistant to powdery mildew.
e, p
Yellow,
red streaked
Mid
A large apple with firm, tender and juicy flesh; good for
sauce, baking and fresh eating. Does not keep.
b, e,
l, s
Yellow with red

cheek
Mid
A beautiful apple, as its name suggests. Good fresh or for

cooking. Ripens o ver a l ong p eriod. Annual b earer.
a, b ,
e, r, s
Mid
Medium to large apple with firm yellowish flesh, juicy and

good eating. Tree has considerable resistance to fireblight.
e, j
DRf
Late
Fine-grained melting white flesh with spicy flavor, very

good cooking quality. A vigorous grower.
b,e,
u, v
Yellow
MacFree
V-M McIntosh X PRI-48-177 Red
Macoun
P McIntosh X
Deep red
Jersey Black
Macspur
Magog
Redstreak*
Maidenblush*
McIntosh sport
E-V Unknown
Newport, VT
V
Early American
Code
Mandan
V Duchess X Delicious Red
Manitoba
E-V Dutchess X
Yellow wi th
Tolman Sweet
scarlet blush
Mantet
Tetovsky X McIntosh Amber, washed

& striped red
Marlin Stephens
Unknown, Lawyer
Intro., Montana
Red and yellow
Mid
Large, juicy, good for dessert or culinary use.
b, e,
j, l
McIntosh*
Fameuse
X
Detroit Red
Red, striped
Mid
The standard for comparison. White, juicy flesh, tender

skin. Large fruit.
e, j,
l, $
Melba
McIntosh
X
Liveland Raspberry
Yellow wa shed
with crimson
Unknown
Red, y ellow
Mid
Pinkish red
Early
mid
Similar to McIntosh in flavor but more aromatic, great for

sauce. Tree is annual b earer and to lerant to rust.
a, e , s,
$, DRr
Milo Gibson+
Milton
V-M McIntosh X
Yellow Transparent
Early to Excellent fo r fresh eating, sweet and juicy with p leasant

early-Mid flavor. Tree upright, productive. Great for sauce.
Early thru Attractive, high quality fruit. Tree is productive and bears at
a young age. Silver medal winner by American
Mid
Pomological Society.
A fine-tasting apple with a unique l icorice flavor.
e, j,
p, s, $
e, s, p
r, y , $
e, u
Milwaukee*
Russian importation
Yellow,
red striped
Late
Excellent keeper. Flavorful, slightly tart. Good for cooking

and cider. B ears annually and p roduces at a young age.
a, b , c,
k, s , y
Minnesota 1734
Unknown
Bronze russet
Late
One of the russets. Small fruit is hard, yellow-fleshed, and

richly flavored. M akes e xcellent tasting cider. A nnual
producer of heavy crops. Keeps all winter in storage.
a, c,
k, p
Mutsu
Golden Delicious X
Indo
Yellow/green
Late
Sweet, complex and spicy flavor. Bred in Japan and

introduced in 1948, but rebranded "Crispin" in the 1968.
Very large, somewhat lumpy, this apple has personality!
b, e,
l, u
Newtosh
McIntosh X
Yellow Newtown
Red striped
Late-mid Produces a high percentage of extra-fancy fruits. Skin
e, $
Niagara
Carlton X M cIntosh
Red
Early to
mid
e, v
Noran
Columbia Crab X
Redant
Green with red

blush
Mid
Small to medium size apple with cream colored flesh. Tart,

good for cooking. Bears at a young age.
Norkent
Haralson X Rescue
Mid
Greenish-yellow
under o range,
red, russeting
A very large ( 3 to 3 1/2 inches) apple. Sweet, crisp,

perfumy, with excellent flavor. Best for eating, but also a
good cooking apple. Keeps 3 months in cold storage.
Tree productive, upright, and spreading.
Norland
Red striped
Early
A juicy, well-colored apple for fresh eating, cider, sauce

and pies. Tree is a natural dwarf and produces crops at an
early age. A super hardy cultivar.
b, c, e,
j, s, y
Yellow c overed
with s olid red
Early
A tasty, medium-sized fruit with fair keeping quality. firm,

crisp, juicy. Tree small and spreading. Super-hardy.
b, p, v
Mid
New j oint release o f NY and ND research stations. H igh

quality dessert apple with a tart McIntosh flavor.
b, c,
e, o
Rescue X Melba
similar to McIntosh; flesh l ike Yellow Newtown, the latter

given a "best" rating in Beach's Apples of New York.

Norlove
Unknown
Northern Lights
Haralson X McIntosh Red over

yellow, striped
*old variety
Exceptionally vigorous grower. Fruit similar to McIntosh,

with high dessert quality.
b, s, y
e, o,
p, $

9

Cultivar
Hardiness Parentage
Northern S py*
V-M Unknown
Northwestern
Greening*
Golden Russet X
Alexander
Color
Season Description
Yellow wi th red
stripes & blush
Late
Green with
red wash
Flesh yellowish, fine grained, crisp & juicy. Described by

Beach as ""very good to best."" Hardy, but needs long
ripening season; does not always ripen fully in Zone 3-4.
Late-mid Large fruit, crisp, firm, juicy, with s light aroma.

Great pie apple.
Code
b, e,
j, o , $
b, e,
j, o
Nova Easy-Gro
E-V Spartan X PRI 565
Red, y ellow
Mid
Scab-resistant v ariety introduced by the Canadian Dept of

Agriculture. White-fleshed, good for cooking and eating;
fair keeper.
b, e
DRs
Original
McIntosh*
Red, striped
Mid
Grafted in direct line from the original McIntosh tree

discovered g rowing in Dundas c ounty, O ntario in 1796.
e, j,
l, $
Oriole
Fameuse
X
Detroit Red
E-V Y. Transparent X
Liveland Raspberry
Yellow,
striped red
Early
An excellent quality des sert or c ooking apple.

Tree extremely productive.
b, e, p
Ormiston Roy
Crab
Unknown
Orange-yellow
Late
A well-known ornamental that hang s o n the tree late into

winter, providing beauty & welcome food for the birds.
Parkland
Rescue X Melba
Red
Early
Similar to Norland but keeps better. Small fruit on a

compact tree. Good for fresh eating and cooking.
b, e, j,
s, y
Patterson
Columbia Crab X
Melba
Yellow-green,
blushed red
Flavor very mild, good quality for eating and culinary use.
Keeps well. Hardy in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Resistant
to fi reblight.
b, e, s
DRf
Paula Red
V Unknown
Peace Garden
V Malinda X Duchess
Red, striped
Pierce Pasture*+
Red striped
E-V Bethel X Alexander
Pound S weet*
Mid
Solid red
Early-mid A very white-fleshed, juicy apple of good all-purpose

quality.
Late
Flesh very firm and juicy; good eating quality that

improves i n storage, hang s well on tree, excellent k eeper.
Late-mid Large apple with coarse yellowish flesh, excellent flavor.

to Late Keeps well. Good for fresh eating, cider and cooking.
aka Pumpkin Sweet; Green to yellow

early American
b,c,
e, g
j, e , k
b, c, e,
k, l
Late
A very large yellow apple. Sweet with a firm texture.

Esteemed for baking; good keeper.
b, k , l
Prairie Magic
E Goodland X Mantet
Yellow, blushed
red
Mid
A vigorous grower bred in Manitoba. Fruit medium to

large, sweet and crisp. Excellent choice for the far North.
b, e, v
Prairie Spy
Yellow wi th
red wash
and s tripes
Late
Large fruit, crisp & juicy with excellent flavor which

improves in storage. Keeps until Spring. Tree bears very
young. Some resistance to scab and cedar apple rust.
e, j, l,
k, y
DRsr
Mid
Very productive annual b earer that tends to overbear if fruit

not thinned. Field immune to s cab; also resistant to
fireblight and c edar apple rust. Medium-size fruit has good
taste and crisp flesh with licorice overtones.
a, c , e,
p, o
DRsfr
Mid to
Late
Large apple with tart but pleasant flavor. Apples ripen over
a long s eason and, if l eft, will hang on the tree i nto Nov.
Discovered in the Adirondacks in a cold Zone 3.
b, e, l,
r, s
E-V Unknown
Priscilla
Starking Delicious
X PRI 610-2
Yellow o verlain
with red;
slight striping
Purdy+
Yellow-red,
blushed
Purple Passion
Old Russian
Unknown;
crab cross
Quebec Belle
V-M Northern Spy
open pollinated
Red
Mid
Red-fleshed apple; great for coloring cider (hard and

sweet) and may be combined with other apples to
produce pink sauce. Good tannins.
Red
Mid
Originated in Hemmingford, Quebec. Resembles Delicious

in appearance and Northern Spy in quality. Keeps well.
Quinte
Crimson Beauty X
Red Melba
Yellow, heavy
red blush
Redant
Antonovka
open pollinated
Yellow wa shed
red
Red Astrachan*
Swedish importation
Green with red
Red B aron
Red E sther
*old variety
10
V
V
Early
Earliest good eating apple. Cream c olored flesh is very

tender. Annual bearer o f he avy c rops; tree v ery s trong
grower, requires pruning. Originated in Canada.
Mid-late Originated in Morden, Manitoba. A large, white-fleshed,
sweet, mild apple that beckons you to take a few more

bites. Good for eating & cooking. Keeps well in storage.
Early
Beautiful appearance. Can be used for cooking before fully

ripe. Good quality eating when ripe. Flesh white, often
tinged with red. Brisk, slightly tart flavor.
c, b,
f, s
e, b, k
a, e ,
p, v
b, e,
k, l
b, e
Golden Delicious X Yellow,

Daniels Red Duchess red blush
Mid
Flesh crisp and juicy, good for fresh eating, pies and
sauce. Stores well. Tree tolerant to fireblight. Bears at a
young age.
b, e, j,
k, s , y
$, DRf
Unknown;
aka Lawyer Nutmeg
Mid
An aromatic crisp apple with a unique flavor. Keeps well.
k, o, u
Red-yellow

Cultivar
Hardiness Parentage
Color
Season Description
Code
Redhook
Carlton X McIntosh
Deep red
Late-mid Flesh white or cream, with outer half pink when fully ripe.
e, j
Red June
Unknown
Red
Early to
Late
A small juicy white-fleshed apple good for eating and

baking. Ripens over a long period.
b, e,
j, r
Redstone
Canyon Gold+
Unknown -- f rom
Scott Skogerboe
Yellow
Late
A yellow apple from Colorado of very high quality for

eating or cooking. Very firm, sweet juicy flesh with
complex flavor. Keeps well.
b, e,
k, j
Bright red over

yellow
Late
Very juicy; flavor as good or better than Red Delicious.

High dessert quality does not diminish in storage. Fruit
hangs well, rarely dropping before harvest.
e, j,
k, $
DRr
Yellow, red
stripe or wash
Early
Very hardy Canadian ap ple-crab of good quality. Favorite

with Alaskan growers. Flesh yellowish with sweet flavor.
Pick slightly before ripe for best fruit quality.
e, f,
s, v
Regent
V-M Red Duchess X

Delicious
Rescue
E Seedling of
Apple-crab
Blushed Calville
Rhuby+
V Unknown
Richardson+
Very good eating apple. Not for processing.
Striped red
St. Lawrence X
Duchess
Late-mid Rhuby produces medium to large fruit that is great for

eating, baking and c ider. It i s resistant to s cab and
fireblight. Named for our grand-daughter, Ella Rhuby.
b, c, e
DRsf
Red
Mid
Originated i n Hammond, NY. Rich me llow flavor, white

flesh. Vigorous grower, regularly productive.
e, p,
v, $
Royalty crab
E-V From Saskatoon,

Saskatchewan
Red
Late
Purple-leaved crab with red flowers and fruit. Very

resistant to fireblight. Fruit p urely o rnamental.
f
DRsf
Sandow
V-M Northern Spy

open pollinated
Red
Mid
Fruit q uality very hi gh; aromatic, juicy, crisp.
b, e ,
j, o
Scott Winter*
Vermont seedling
Red
Mid
Flesh tinged with yellow, sometimes stained with red.

Juicy, somewhat tart in early part of season, becoming
milder toward season's end.Bears at a young age.
j, y
Secor
Salome X Jonathan
Striped red
Late
Keeps well until Spring. Juicy, good flavor and texture.
e, j, k
September Ruby
OUT OF STOCK
Sharon
OUT OF STOCK
Sherry*+
E Rescue X Haralson
FOR 2015
V McIntosh X Longfield
FOR 2015
E Unknown,
Stone type
Smokehouse*
V-M Vandevere
open pollinated
Red, yellow
Late
All-purpose apple with a pleasant, spicy-sweet flavor.

Tree vigorous grower, requires pruning. Reliable cropper.
b, c, e,
k, p , v
SnowSweet
E-V Sharon
X Co nnell Re d
Yellow wi th
bronze blush
Late
New introduction from the MN apple breeding program.

Great e ating ap ple with a r ich, sweet flavor and a touch o f
tartness. Firm, white flesh is slow to oxidize
b, e, $
Early
This cultivar comes to us from Germany via Jurgin

Reckin. Similar to Yellow Transparent.
b, e, s
Red
Early German,
possibly from Russia
Yellow
Spartan
McIntosh
Unknown
Solid red
Mid
Red striped
Spencer
eating pies, and juice. Stores well. Annually productive.
Red striped
Sofstaholm*
Early-mid Fruit is medium size, moderately acid, very good for
High quality, similar to McIntosh, but sweeter and firmer.

Tree vigorous and productive. Ripens over long season.
Very late Fruit will hang o n tree all winter. Fair q uality when picked,
but improves to good quality after storing for several
months. Annual heavy crop.
Late-mid Equal to Empire i n quality and te xture. Two weeks later

to l ate than M cIntosh. Keeps until Feb in cold storage. Bears
e, j, p
e, p,
v, $
a, c,
k, p
a, k , p
regular heavy crops.
McIntosh
X
Golden Delicious
Yellow,
red blush
Late
Eating quality e xcellent; firm, crisp, juicy. Core s maller

than M cIntosh. Tree is vigorous, up right, spreading.
St E dmunds
V Unknown
Russet* OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
Orange russet
Late
Earliest russet. Very juicy and flavorful; makes excellent

cider. Listed among the 6 best apples grown in England.
St Lawrence*
Fameuse
open pollinated
Yellow,
red stripes
Mid
Tender, fine-grained white flesh stained with red. Very

good for eating; has mild, pleasant flavor.
e, $
State Fair
Mantet X Oriole
Bright Red
Early
White-fleshed, crisp, juicy. Excellent for fresh eating.

Fruit ripens uni formly.
e, j, $
Stone*
Red striped
Late
Locally known and esteemed variety. Tree long-lived and

healthy. Sweet, yellow flesh with great flavor. Tends to
overbear, so fruit may need to be thinned.
e, k,
p, v
Green overlaid
with red streaks
Mid
Sweet, but with enough tartness to bring out the rich

flavor. From George Stilphen of Harrison, ME.
Blue earmain
P
Unknown
Striped Harvey*
V Unknown
*old variety
e, v
c, e , j
c, e , o

11

Cultivar
Sweet S ixteen
Sweet Winesap
Hardiness Parentage
V
Frostbite
X
Northern S py
M-P Unknown

Color
Season Description
Code
Striped red
Mid
Spicy and rich-flavored , sweet, c risp apple with good

storage qualities. Mildly coarse, yellowish
flesh...excellent eating.
e, k, u
Red
Late
Keeps until May in cold storage, until April in common

storage. Excellent quality for eating, baking and cooking.
Sweet with good flavor.
b, e, k
Late
A hard, s weet-fleshed apple, locally well-known and

liked. Tree is a good grower and long lived.
e, v, k
Tolman S weet*
Sweet Greening X
Old Russet
Yellow
Trailman
Apple-crab
Trail X Osman
Green overlaid
with red
Tydeman Red
Valentine
Viking*
Early-mid Superhardy crabapple about 2 inche s in diameter, good
e, p,
s, v
McIntosh X
Red
Worcester P earmain
Early to Beautiful white flesh ag ainst c lear red s kin. M ild, p leasant
early-mid flavor...good eating apple. Keeps well at 32 degrees F.
e, k
Unknown
Green,
blushed red
Early-mid Flesh white, somewhat coarse but with excellent taste. A
b, e
Unknown
Red-green
Mid
Fruit l arge , with w hite j uicy fl esh a nd a sprightly tart flavor.

Does not drop prematurely. Tree a vigorous grower.
b, e, l,
v, $
Violi's Hanging
V Unknown
Crab+ OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
Red, s triped
Late
A l arge (2 i nch) c onical crab that hangs on the tree i nto

winter. Very productive. Good flavor; slight astringency.
c, f, p
Vista Bella
Blushed red
over yellow
Early
Large fruit with creamy white flesh. Good quality

dessert apple. Tree upright and spreading.
Tends to b ear biennially.
b, c , e
Late
Good tasting when freshly picked and well-suited for

sauce and o ther home p rocessing. Tree stays s mall and
is a he avy b earer.
b, e, s,
p, $
Solid red
or striped
Late
Introduced by Univ. of MN in 1922. Good keeper. Fruit is

firm, c risp, juicy, s lightly tart. Tree large with upright
rounded habit, very productive.
b, e, j,
k, p
Red striped
Early
Large fruit ripens all at once. Excellent fo r s auce, c ulinary,

and fresh m arket. J uicy with a ni ce tart flavor.
b, e, j
l, s, $
Wealthy*
V-M Melba X Senora
Cherry Crab X
Sops of Wine
Wedge
E-V Ben Davis
open pollinated
Wellington
Cortland X
Crimson Beauty
fo r eating and sauce. Flesh crisp, juicy. Tree vigorous

and productive.
high quality eating/cooking apple. Found by Bill Adair in

Edmonton, A lberta ~ 1965.
Greenish yellow
s triped bright red
Westfield
V New England origin
Seek-No-Further*
Westland
E Heyer 12 X Dr. Bill
Red
Red striped
Early
Originating in Brooks, Alberta, this super-hardy cultivar will

fruit in the coldest c limate. Fruit large, juicy, good for p ies
and sauce but a bit tart for eating. Not a keeper.
b, c , v
White
Astrachan*
Early Russian
Green overlaid
with red stripes
Early
Similar to Red Astrachan; popular in the Midwest 100

years ago. White flesh, high quality eating. Not a k eeper.
e, o, j
White Wi nter
Pearmain*
Unknown
Yellow
Late
A fresh eating apple with very hi gh q uality flavor and

te xture. Stores well.
Wilson Juicy+
Seedling of
Fameuse
Yellow with
pink blush
Mid
Large white-fleshed, mildly tart, v ery juicy apple with a

distinctive flavor. Good keeper.
e, j, k,
l, u
Winesap*
Unknown,
Old American
Red
Late
The " original" Winesap, a bit hardier than S tayman, but

best to plant in a protected location. Medium s ize, good
fo r cider and fresh eating. Good keeper.
c, e, k,
$
Late-mid Beach rates this "very good to best" in his Apples of
New Y ork. It flourishes in well-drained, gravelly or loamy

soil. F lesh is rich-tasting and p leasantly aromatic.
b, e,
u, s
e, k
Winter Wildlife
Crab
E-V Seedling crab
Red-yellow
Late
Crabapple with 1-inch d iameter fruit which hangs all winter.

Provides excellent late -winter forage for birds, deer, etc.
f, g ,
p, v
Wodarz*
E-V Unknown
(Wodarz 8 3)
Green &
knobbly
Late
A joint release of N. Dakota and the R.L. Wodarz family,

this "ugly" apple is very sweet and stores well.
Somewhat to lerant to fireblight.
e, k
DRf
Mid
Very large and shapely, attractive variety. Good cooker,

favored for pies.
b, l
Wolf R iver*
Alexander
open pollinated
Red striped
Yellow
Transparent*
Russian importation
Yellow
Early
Begins to ripen in J uly, is excellent for cooking (Some

say it makes the best sauce) and good for eating. Found
in many o ld o rchards o f up state N.Y. Scab resistant.
b, e, s
DRs
Zestar
State F air X
Frostbite
Green,
nearly 100%
blushed red
Early
A new cultivar from Minnesota breeding program. Sweet,

crisp & juicy. Excellent summer apple. Keeps several
weeks i n c old storage. (Plant P atent #97120)
e, j,
p, $
*old variety
12
PEARS
We are proud to offer a good selection of pear varieties for

northern climates like ours, where the standard commercial
varieties will not survive.
Rootstock The rootstocks we use for our pear varieties are
Pyrus communis and Pyrus ussuriensis , hardy and vigorous
growers which produce a standard or full size tree.
Spacing Plant pear trees about 20 feet apart.
Pollination Most pear cultivars need to be cross-pollinated by
a different variety in order to produce a crop, although a few,
as noted in the descriptions, are self-fruitful.
2 to 4 ft. trees $24 each
Cultivar
Hardiness
Ripens
Description
Hardiness EExtremely hardy, to -50oF or colder; VVery

hardy, to -50o F with occasional winter injury; MModerately
hardy, to -40o F with occasional injury
How long before it fruits? A pear tree from our nursery, if
planted in good soil and maintained adequately by its new
owner (rabbit protection, mulching with manure, attention to
pests,) should yield its first fruits in 3-5 yrs.
OUR PICK PEAR PACKAGE $80
Four great eating pears for one low price!
We will choose 4 different varieties that will pollinate
eachother and give delicous fruit.
Ayers
E-V
Early Se pt.
Medium size fruit, very flavorful and sweet. An Anjou cross that grows well in Danville, VT. Skin is rose-tinted,
somewhat russeted. Tree shape quite columnar. Resistant to fireblight.
Beierschmidt
OUT OF STOCK
Cabot
Celine
V
Mid Sept.
FOR 2015
E
September
E
Early ct.
Originated in Iowa, a seedling of Bartlett but considerably hardier. Fruit long-necked, medium size, yellow,
thin-skinned, and extremely tender and melting. Fruit flavor and quality of the very best, with no grit cells.
Chazy River+
Medium size fruit. Extremely winter hardy. Flesh is melting, sweet, aromatic and good for fresh eating.
OA seedling of Patten, from crosses made by Celine Caron in Quebec. Large, sweet, juicy fruit with buttery
texture. Keeps well if picked about 1 week before ripe and allowed to ripen in cool storage.
Early o
mid Sept.
Ely+
E
October
Flemish Beauty*
Late Sept.
Golden Spice
September
The
t parent tree is a seedling growing in Sciota, NY, brought to our attention by Joe Lavorando.It is probably
about 200 y ears old. Fruit is small-medium size, good for fresh eating and canning. Precocious bearer.
The parent tree has been growing in Ely, MN for at least 100 years. Brought to our attention by Sandy Okstad.
Small, sweet, good for canning and processing. The tree has to be hardy...if you know anything about Ely!
For customers in really cold areas, see also Loma and Schroeder ND Hardy, both new this year.
A very good qu ality eating pea r, Flemish B eauty h as been a round s ince the early 1 800's. F lesh i s firm,
becoming melting as it ripens. Susceptible to fireblight.
A small, very hardy pear. Good pollinator. Vigorous grower. Flesh is tart and spicy...good for canning and
for wine. Univ o f MN intro 1949.
Hudar+
E-V Late July-Early A ug
l imited supply-- order by March 1st
Leonard
V
Late Sept.
Originated on the Hudar farm in Hammond, NY. One of our best eating pears, also good for canning. Early
and productive. Yellow with sweet, juicy flesh. Jon Busch in Aspen, Co, (8000 ft. elevation) says his Hudar
fruits every year and produces a prodigious crop. Size a bit smaller than Bartlett. Self-fertile.
A medium-size, hard, green pear which ripens yellow to a smooth, melting, flavorful fruit. B rought to our
attention by Clarke Nattress.
Loma
E-V
Late Aug.
Luscious
V Mid to late Sept.
A large roundish pear from the Saguenay area of Quebec, 2 hours north of Quebec City. High quality eating;
a good choice for places with a short growing season. Self-fertile.
Manning-Miller+
Firm flesh is sweet when green or ripe. Texture is a bit coarse, but pleasant; stands up well to processing.
Tree grows strongly and yields abundant crops. Self-fertile.
V Early to mid Sept.
Nova+
V
Mid Sept.
O'berg+
V
September
Patten
Early ct.
Savignac+
September
Schroeder ND
E
September
Hardy+ OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
Southworth+
Stacey+
V
E-V
Large, very juicy, sweet and firm yet melting pear. Ripens in storage 7-10 days after harvest and remains
excellent for fresh eating for about 2 weeks. A South Dakota E31 X Ewart cross.
Our best pear, named after our daughter, Nova. Found growing on the Hudar farm in Hammond, NY. Large,
round, melting and juicy. Can be used green or ripe. Hangs well without premature drop. Self-fertile.
This medium to l arge pea r ripens to a smooth, v ery fine qu ality fruit. E xcellent canned. The original tree
grew just south of Ogdensburg, NY for 50 years.
Very large fruit with excellent eating quality. One of the latest-ripening pears. Should be picked about 1 week
Obefore ripe and allowed to ripen in cool storage.
Very sweet juicy pear with few grit cells. Originated near Quebec City, Canada, in a very cold area. Brought
to o ur attention by Henri Bernard.
This pear is under evaluation at the Univ. of ND, and has been around for over 90 years. It regularly ripens
in ND, bearing large fruit with sweet, melting flesh; good for fresh eating and canning, with very few grit cells.
Mid to late S ept. Good-flavored, Bartlett-sized, sweet pear with juicy flesh that is firm becoming melting. Self-fertile. Tree is
a strong, vigorous grower. Originated in Northern NY.
Mid-August

Summercrisp
V
Mid ug.
A profuse producer with medium size fruit. Should be pi cked in mid-August before fully ripe then allowed
to ripen in a cool storage space.The original tree is at least 250 years old and is growing near Staceyville,
Maine. Very vigorous grower...the sturdiest pear in the orchard. Brought to our attention by Clarke Nattress.
A Introduced by the Univ. of MN. This pear can be eaten green as a crisp juicy fruit similar to the Asian pears.
When ripe it is sweet and fine-textured. Tree vigorous and a good pollinator for other pears.
Tyson*
Early Sept.
Known since 1794, Tyson is a me dium-sized conical pear. Fruit quality very hig h, e specially for fresh eating.
Keeps only a short time in storage. Tree is large, vigorous and productive. Resistant to fireblight.
Ure
September
One of the P. communis/P. ussuriensis crosses that gives hope to those aspiring to grow pears in extremely
cold or fireblight-prone areas. Unlike many ussuriensis crosses, the fruit quality is good.
Waterville
September
Large a nd juicy with a s lightly c oarse but v ery s weet flesh. The tree is an ex tremely v ig orous gr ower.
Originated in Waterville, VT. An Elmore Roots Nursery introduction.
*old variety, + St. Lawrence Nurseries introduction
13
PIE CHERRIES
Although there are no varieties of sweet cherries (like Bing, Black Tartarian, Royal Anne) hardy
this far north, pie or sour cherries are much hardier and, with care, will flourish and fruit here.
Not truly sour, these are the bright red cherries used for pies, cheesecake topping, etc. They
are also delightful eaten fresh...just ask our nursery crew! (They like to blame it on the birds.)
Late Spring frosts may occasionally kill the blossoms on these early-blooming pie
cherries, a problem which can be partially prevented by planting in a protected spot
near a house or barn. Because cold air flows downhill, try to plant cherry trees on or
near the top of hillsides. They grow best in rich, well-drained soils.
o
Hardiness EExtremely hardy, to -50oF or colder; VVery hardy, to -50
F with
o
occasional winter injury; MModerately hardy, to -40
F with occasional injury,
P Hardy only to -30o F to -40o F. May need extra protection.
Pollination. All of the varieties of pie cherries listed in the chart below are self-fruitful,
i.e. they do not require a second tree to bear fruit.
How long before it fruits? A pie cherry will begin to bear fruit in 2 to 4 years if given
good care and planted in a favorable location. They should be screened to prevent rabbit
and rodent damage.
2 to 4 ft. trees $24.00 each
Bali trees are 1 to 2 ft.
Variety
Hardiness
Parentage
Bali
E-V
Unknown
B ali trees are 1 to 2 ft.
SOLD OUT FOR 2015
Description
Discovered growing near Edmonton, Alberta, by Dr. Ieuan Evans, Bali has fruited after withstanding
- 43 degrees F. A v igorous grower and precocious producer, yielding large (1 inch) fruit ex cellent for
pies, sauces, jams and ev en fresh eating. Five-year old trees have produced up to 10 gallons of fruit
Trees are from tissue culture, which means there is no graft or rootstock to worry about. A natural dwarf.
"No Subs" i s not an option on this i tem.

We are short on Bali cherries this year. We will fill your orders for Bali as long as our stock lasts. When we run out of Bali, if you do not list a preferred
substitute, we will substitute a Carmine Jewel dwarf bush cherry (p. 25 -- identical fruit; tree habit more bushy) with its own brass tag.
Balaton
M-P
Unknown;
morello type
Meteor
Montmorency X
Russian variety
V-M
Sweet Cherry X
Prunus tomentosa
English morello X
Serbian Pie l
Montmorency
Northstar
New to the U.S.; no t as hardy as Montmorency. Originated in Hungary, b rought to the US i n 1984 b y Dr.
Amy Iezzoni. Fruit deep red in c olor at maturity, with red flesh and juice. Fruit firm, a bi t s weeter than
most tart cherries. Vigorous grower. Space 25-35 feet apart.
We find this variety e xcellent and mo re v igorous than Northstar. The fruit i s d elicious and while no t as
deep red as Northstar, is fine for pies, compotes, etc. Introduced by Univ. of Minnesota in 1952.
Natural d warf. Space 10-15 feet ap art.
The s tandard fo r comparison i n s our cherries. Known since the 1600's, M ontmorency will grow and fruit
in Mord en, Manitoba, although late frosts often take the crop. The tree lives 50-60 years and is a vigorous
grower, becoming very large. Space 25-35 feet apart.
Introduced b y the Univ. o f M innesota a 1950. F ruit has r ed flesh and j uice. Tree a nat ual d warf. S pace
10-15 ft apart.
CHERRY-PLUMS
APRICOTS
Cherry-plums resulted from crosses made in the early 1900's between Prunus besseyi (sand cherry) and various plums. Plant
breeders wanted to produce a fruit hardy enough to withstand the
severe winters of the northern Great Plains. Even if you can't grow
plums or cherries due to late frosts or extreme winters, you may be
able to grow cherry-plums. They grow as small trees (6-8 feet at
Adirondack Gold
maturity) which are hardier and more resistant to drought and late Apricot
Spring frosts than any of the cherries or plums that we offer. Cherry- 2 to 4 ft. trees
plums yield a small, plum-like fruit that is fair eaten fresh, but not as $24.00 each
good quality as a true plum. Their life span is 10-15 years. Cross- A selection of
pollination is necessary, so plant at least two different varieties.
Manchurian
Alternatively, pollination can be accomplished with Native Ameri- found thriving
can seedling plum, (p.31,) or with any of the A group of grafted and fruiting
plums. Cherry-plums should be spaced 4 to 8 feet apart.
reliably in the
Adirondack Mountains,
where a 60-day growing
Compass Yellow-red fruit with sweet, juicy yellow flesh, sour skin. season is the norm. The fruit
Ripens in late August. Good for jams and sauces.
is a small apricot, superior to the
Sapalta Ripening with Compass or slightly earlier, this fruit is dark unselected Manchurian, with a
non-fuzzy skin, (more like a plum,)
purple inside and out. It has juicy sweet flesh, sour skin, and is
and a dense, sweet flesh. Unlike
nearly freestone.
the wild Manchurian, it does
Deep Purple OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
not require a pollinator.
Deep purple skin and flesh. Large size, over 1 inch, meaty with small
pit. Sweet, pleasant flavor. Ripens mid-August. Prostrate growth
habit, but may betrained upright for a more tree-like shape.
14
GRAFTED PLUMS
o
Plums are very hardy but blossom early, making the crop suscep- Hardiness. EExtremely hardy, to -50
F or colder, VVery
o
tible to late Spring frosts. They should be planted no more than
hardy, to -50 F with occasional winter injury, MModerately
10-15 feet apart in an area with good air drainage (high spots where hardy, to -40o F with occasional injury
cold air flows away from the tree) and good soil drainage. Plum trees
are attractive, require little pruning, and grow to a height of 12-15 ft. How long before it fruits?
In good soil and with proper care (rabbit protection, mulching,
Rootstock. We use Prunus americanaas a rootstock for our plums. attention to pest problems,) plum trees will bear fruit in 3 to 5 years.
Pollination. A grafted plum tree is not able to pollinate another tree
OUR PICK Pair of Plums $40
of the same name unless it is marked self-fertile. To ensure that
A bargain price to encourage your adventurous spirit!
your grafted plum tree will give fruit, you should choose two
different varieties from within the same pollen group, designated by
Many customers are reluctant to try a fruit with an unfamiliar
the letter A or B. You could also use a Native American seedling name. Let us choose for you! We'll give you two different
plum (p. 31) to pollinate any of the A group.
varieties that will pollinate each other and give luscious fruit.
WE ARE COMPLETELY OUT OF STOCK ON GRAFTED PLUMS!
Grp. Variety
Hardiness
Parentage
Season
A Alderman
V
Burbank X Older
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015 Univ. o f M innesota 1985
A Black I ce
V
Z's Blue Giant X Oka
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015 Brian Smith--Univ o f WI
Late August
Description
Dark red skin, golden sweet juicy flesh. Vigorous and precocious
bearer, sometimes fruiting one year after planting.
A large (2 i n) freestone plum with dark purple-black skin and juicy

Late July/
early August red flesh. Vigorous, productive tree has a compact growth habit.
A LaCrescent
E-V
Prunus am ericana X P. s alicina
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015Univ. o f M innesota 1919
Late August
Tender skin, y ellow with r ed bl ush. F ruit i s y ellow-fleshed, sweet,

melting and very aromatic, but does not keep long. Productive.
A Pembina
V
P. salicina X P. nigra 1923
A Percy's+
V
Prunus americana X
Prunus s alicina
Late A ugust
Large, o val p lum with a r ed s kin, he avy b luish b loom. The flesh i s
yellow, juicy and sweet---good for fresh eating, fair for canning.
Late August
Percy's is a delicious p lum with a rich, complex flavor. Fruit is about

1 1/2 inches in diameter, yellow-fleshed, sweet & juicy.
Late August
Large fruit with deep red tough skin that peels easily. Yellow flesh is
excellent quality for home and commercial use. Tree vigorous.
Late August/
Early Sept.
Introduced in 1933. The fruit is large, sweet and juicy, with a dark red
skin. Flesh firm and yellow, of high dessert quality. A prolific bearer
that starts b earing at a y oung ag e.
Late August
A medium to l arge da rk red plum with bl ue bl oom. F lesh greenyellow and firm, with a sweet perfumed flavor. Superb pollinator.
Mid August
Large fruit is red with golden yellow flesh---juicy, melting, and tender.
Pit is long and small. Fruit holds well in cold storage. Annual bearer;
very productive.
A Pipestone
OUT OF STOCK
A Superior
OUT OF STOCK
V-M
Burbank X (P. salicina X Wolf)
FOR 2015 Univ. o f M innesota 1942
E-V
Burbank X Kaga
FOR 2015
A Toka
E-V
Native p lum X P runus s imoni
SD E xpt. S ta. 1911
A Underwood
V
Shiro X P runus am ericana
Univ. o f Minnesota 1921
A
Vermont
V
Unknown
Plum+ OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
A Waneta
OUT OF STOCK
B Ewing Blue+
OUT OF STOCK
Late Aug/Mid Sept A l arge yellow-skinned plum with sweet yellow flesh. Introduced to
E-V
Apple plum X Terry
FOR 2015 S. Dakota E xpt. S ta. 1913
V-M
Prunus d omestica s p.
FOR 2015
us by Herb Todd.
Early Sept.
Fruit very l arge, yellow in color washed with dark red. Yellow flesh
is juicy and sweet. Hardy at Morden, Manitoba.
Early S ept.
An e xce llent p rune -typ e pl um, l arg e an d d ee p bl ue. V ig oro us

grower. Excellent for canning and fresh eating.
B Golden G age V
European, P. domestica sp.
B Green Gage
V
European, P. domestica sp.
Early Sept.
Sweet a nd l ovely ea ten fresh or made into pl um jam. Identical to

Green Gage, but with yellow skin.
Early Sept.
Originating in France as Reine Claude in the 1500's, then reborn as

Green Gage in England, this i s a very small plum with green skin
and sweet-as-honey ye llow flesh.
B Hildreth
E-V
Imperial Gage X Unknown
Early Sept.
Developed by Dr. Hildreth at the Cheyenne, Wyoming Expt. Station.

Fruit is small, but excellent quality. Notably annual and prolific bearer.
B McLaughlin
V
Unknown, Gage type
Bangor, ME
Early Sept.
Tree h as up right, strong f ramework; f ruit s mall ( 1.75 in) and r ound
with yellow skin, with melting yellow flesh; juicy, rich, sugar-sweet.
B Mt. Royal
V
Prunus domestica
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015 Quebec origin
Early Sept.
Blue prune-type plum. Good for fresh eating, with firm, sweet, yellowgreen flesh. Freestone. Self-fertile. Natural semi-dwarf.
B Northern
V
Mt Royal open pollinated
Early Sept.
Blue OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
Cheyenne, WY
The b est o f 6000 M t R oyal seedlings i n c rosses mad e b y Gene

Howard. Tree i s precocious, self-fertile and a natural semi-dwarf.
B Opal
V
Oulling X E arly Favorite
OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015Swedish introduction, 1948
B Todd+
V
Prunus d omestica s p.
+ St. Lawrence Nurseries introduction
August
This productive European plum bears a reddish fruit with yellow flesh,
excellent for fresh eating.
E arly Sept.
Introduced by our nursery and originally found by Herb Todd, this

is a European-type prune plum, large and deep blue. Very hardy.
Excellent for canning and fresh e ating.
15
We grow and sell seedling nut trees. These trees grow

directly from the nut rather than being grafted onto a
rootstock. Like children, seedlings are each genetically
different. They will not be an exact copy of either
parent. The parents of our nut tree seedlings are
selected for superior hardiness, nut quality and
straight, timber-type growth. Traits like upright
growth habit and hardiness are relatively fixed and
are present in almost all seedlings of these parents.
(Those that do not measure up are eliminated.) Ease of
cracking, size of nuts, and time of ripening will be more
variable. Because of the genetic diversity inherent in
seedlings, a small percentage will actually exceed the
performance of both parents. Keep your eyes open for the
exceptional child!
NUTS
Hazelbert Corylus sp.

3 to 5 ft. plants $9.50 each
$160 package of 20
The best of many crosses
made by Fred Ashworth in
the 1920s. All of the seedlings
are of Skinner (Hazelnut) X Graham
and Winkler (Filbert). The former is
known for its extreme hardiness and
resistance to catkin freeze-back; the
latter has size and quality of nuts.
Hazelberts grow as a tall shrub (8-12 ft.), and
make a wonderful edible hedge.
The nut clusters in their fringed husks are very
ornamental, and in the Fall the leaves turn
Choosing a site for your nut treesYoung nut trees require extra care a striking mixture of red, yellow, orange
during and immediately after planting, such as a deeper hole for the and green.
taproot, a good deep mulch to hold moisture, and water every day
while their root systems are getting established.Be sure that you
Bur Oak, Ashworth selection Quercus macrocarpa
can provide water to the trees during their first growing season.
3 to 5 ft. trees $14.00 each,
Each tree should receive 5-10 gallons of water per day until the end
$115 package of 10
of May, and 2-3 times per week thereafter through mid-July. Nut
Discovered by the late Fred Ashworth, the
trees grow very fast in rich soil, and seem to do well near
mother tree is a precocious producer of high
river bottoms (but not in frost pockets). Soils with some
quality acorns containing nearly no tannic
clay that are not constant wet spots are good for most
acid (no bitter taste). These young saplings
nut trees. They can tolerate wetter soils than fruit
will grow into mature trees that are untrees but will drown if their roots are sitting in water
equaled in their beauty and ability to
all year round. The exceptions to these guidelines are
last through generations of
hazelberts, Korean nut pines, and American chestnuts,
bad weather and abuse. A
which do not have a taproot and, like fruit trees, favor
strong, straight trunk and
light, well-drained soils. A little extra fuss and care
gnarly branches give the
during this first important year will yield a beautiful stand of
oak its spooky old tree
trees that will be a rewarding asset to the landowner and to future
silhouette. The bur oak is
generations.
the hardiest of all oaks, and
Ashworths sweet acorns
Pollination and spacing in nut treesMost of the nut trees we offer
make it a favorite with wildlife.
require pollination by a second tree of the same species to produce
a good quantity of filled nuts. In a stand of black walnuts,
Red Oak Quercus rubra
chestnuts, hickories, or oaks, the trees should be planted 20 to 40
3 to 5 ft. trees $14.00 each, $115 package of 10
feet apart (or as close as 15 feet apart if planting a single row.) The
closer spacing will force them to grow straight and tall; after 20 years One of the fastest growing oaks. This beautiful tree, with its leatheror so the stand can be thinned for timber. If you do not plan to thin colored leaves chattering in the breeze well into late Fall, will make
the stand, choose the wider spacing pattern. For hazelberts, which a handsome yard tree and is a good choice for mixed hardwood
grow as a large bush (10-15 feet tall at maturity,) a spacing of 3 feet plantings, yielding quality lumber. Grown from a truly Zone 3 seed
apart will make a nice hedge; for pollination they should be no more source (north slope of the Adirondack mountains), these seedlings
are especially well adapted to cold locations.
than 6 to 8 feet apart.
Deer Protection In some areas, deer may browse back the tips of
black walnut and other nut trees. If this is the case, deer control
measures, especially fencing to prevent access while the trees are
young, will improve the growth of your nut trees. For areas that
cannot be fenced, consider Plant Protec deer repellent units.
(p. 32.) Avoid the use of tree tubes, especially in northern areas.
They can create a mini-greenhouse effect that leaves the tree
vulnerable to winter injury
How soon will they yield nuts?This will vary widely with species,
soil, climate and care. General guidelines are 5 - 10 years for
chestnut, oak, black walnut,or hickory, and 3 - 5 years for hazelberts.
SPECIAL PRICE NUT PACKAGES
16
Nut Package #1
$65
4 Black Walnuts, mixed

4 Hazelberts
Nut Package #2
$115
5 Black Walnuts, mixed

5 Hazelberts
2 Shagbark Hickory
2 Ashworth Bur Oak
Oaks and shagbark hickory take some serious digging
on our part; their taproot can go down 2-3 feet!
Black Walnut Juglans nigra

2 to 5 ft. trees 10.00 each
25 or more $9.00 each ,
100 or more $8.00 each
Without question, our nut trees are far hardier than those offered
by any other nursery in the country. Our black walnut seedlings are
from parent trees planted by Fred Ashworth during his 50-odd years
of breeding for hardiness, timber quality, and cracking quality of
nuts. We also collect seed from a few exceptional local parent trees
which meet our standard for hardiness and quality. Black walnuts
yield a beautiful dark-grained lumber, as well as rare and flavorful
nutmeats that retail for around $15/lb. If you wish you may specify
seedlings from the list below. Listed by name of mother tree:
Bicentennial The Bicentennial parent which produces
these seedlings is of perfect timber type with cracking
quality equal to Thomas. Its seedlings are hardy, produce
a quantity of large nuts, and are vigorous growers.
Garden Tree A precocious grower which produces an
annual crop of medium sized nuts.
Medve A local find, growing on the Medve farm at Langdon
Cors, NY. Hardy, good timber type.
Northwestern These seedlings are hardy and uniform
growers. The parent tree produces small nuts.
Putney Probably the largest and oldest black walnut tree
growing in northern NY. The nuts are exceptionally large,
good crackers and fill well in our short season.
Well Tree A precocious grower which produces large nuts
Weschcke Weschcke seedlings are slow but uniform
growers. The parent tree bears a heavy annual crop of nuts
American ChestnutCastanea dentata

Restoring the American Chestnut,
which was wiped out in the 1930's by
the blight, has been the focus of
groups like the American Chestnut
Foundation. In the early 1970's, Fred
Ashworth found three trees in the
Watertown, NY area which, although
blighted, healed over their cankers and
continued to produce seed for many
years. These are 4th-generation seedlings of
those Watertown trees, and are likely to exhibit even more resistance than their predecessors.Plant more than one for pollination.
Protect from rodents and deer!
Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata
These are seedlings of an extremely
cold-hardy local shagbark from the
Ashworth plantings. The nuts fill
well even in our short season.
Hickories put most of their beginning growth into their
very substantial taproot,
so many of these have a
longer root than top!
Would you like to taste black walnuts? Woodward's Walnut World

is a family-scale black walnut producer 585-765-2544
NUT WIZARD HANDY PICK UP TOOL
Perfect for picking up black walnuts and
butternuts, but also works for tennis balls,
drop apples, oranges, sweet
gum fruits, almost
anything that is round
or oval and between
11/4 inch and 4 inches.
Comes with its own
handle and wire frame
unloading bracket,
which can be
mounted on a
standard
5-gal.
bucket.
Simply place the
flexible tines down over the
hump of the bracket , twist, and voila the nuts or other
gathered objects fall easily into the bucket!
Nut Wizard Tool $50.00, Shipping $20.00: Total = $70.00
.
HARDSHELL NUT CRACKER

This high-leverage heavy duty cracker is designed so that even kids
can crack the most difficult nuts. Black walnuts and butternuts crack
rapidly and easily. Nut size adjustment is simple and the unit may
be mounted either horizontally on a homemade wooden
tray or vertically on a wall. Shells break outward
from the kernel yielding chunks instead of bits.
Now you can have your own freshly-cracked
nuts in breads, cakes, cookies and candy.
5 lb., $52.00
17
HOW TO ORDER
ORDERS MUST BE MAILED Unless you are a local customer who intends to pick up
your plants, you must mail your order to us with a check or money order.
We do not take
credit cards. There are two order forms in the center of each catalog. Plants go on one
side, nonplant items on the reverse side. Shipping and handling charges are listed on these
forms. Local customers may call or email their orders to us and pay when they pick up.
WHEN TO ORDER and CUTOFF DATEWe will give your order a number according
to its postmark, and then use this number to determine its priority when packaging season
arrives. Although we accept orders postmarked through April 10, those with an early
postmark (Jan./ Feb.) will be among the first to be filled, and we are less likely to be out
of stock on requested items.Orders postmarked after April 10 will be returned.This
being our retirement year,we highly recommend that you order well before the deadline
,
since we may run out of stock early.
SHIPPING SEASON Your plant order will be shipped sometime between the last few
days of March and April 30. As a rule, plant orders are shipped in the same sequence that
they were received. The earliest orders can expect a ship date of March 24 - April 15th.
Please note thatsnow or frost will not hurt a dormant tree!See p. 19 on When To Plant.
Because heat in shipment is the main concern for live plants, it is better to receive your
plants early rather than late, even if your ground is still frozen when they arrive. See p.
19: If You Cannot Plant Right Away. Orders going to the northern parts of Alaska (e.g.
Fairbanks) will be filled in proper sequence, but held for shipping until late April unless
earlier shipment is requested. Special ship dates can be accomodated, but please do not
request late shipment unless absolutely necessary. If you include your email on your
order form, we will send you an email when your order is shipped.
SIZE The size noted in each plant description is the size of the plant when you buy it.
This number is an average, so your plants may be slightly larger or smaller than the stated
size. Because they are grown in a cold climate and are not pushed with artificial fertilizers,
our trees tend to be smaller than those of many other nurseries. Smaller trees ship and
transplant better because they have a more balanced proportion of root to top.
SHIPPING AND HANDLING Shipping and handling charges are listed on the order
forms. Our plants are shipped by Priority Mail. For some addresses, this means that your
plants may not be delivered to your house, but held for you at the Post Office, with a note
telling you of their arrival. Books and other non-plant items will be shipped separately
from your trees.
WHOLESALE QUANTITIES Wholesale prices for fruit trees (mixed varieties):
50 or more $21.00 each, 100 or more $20.00 each, 250 or more $19.00 each
We do not guarantee plants purchased for resale.
GIFT CERTIFICATES Trees and plants can be shipped only in April, but you can give
a St. Lawrence Nurseries Gift Certificate any time of year. To order, send a check for the
desired amount, the name and address of the recipient, and any special instructions.
CANADIAN CUSTOMERS Regrettably, we will no longer ship orders to Canada. We
suggest that you check out www.hardyfruittrees.ca (Francais: www.pepinieriste.ca )
18
PLANT ORDER FORM-2015
Please do not write in this space
DEADLINE FOR SPRING SHIPMENT:
APRIL 10 POSTMARK
PLEASE ORDER EARLY
**NY State residents: Because the shipping & handling is not an exact shipping amount, NY State requires that it be included when figuring sales tax.
Orders are shipped by Priority Mail. Please remember that you may not
receive this delivery at your home, but rather be notified of your package's
arrival at the Post Office via a slip in your mailbox. If you provide us with
your email address, we will notify you when your order has shipped.
SUBSTITUTION POLICY.
Please list on the order form which substitutes
Postal Address___________________________________________________ you would prefer if we run out of the variety you
if you collect your mail at a Post Office box, use the box number here have ordered. Should you wish a refund on items
that are out of stock, write No Subs. If your first
Town, State, ZipCode_____________________________________________ choice is out of stock, no preferred substitute is
listed, and you have not specified No Subs, we
Telephone_______________________________________________________ will choose a substitute that is as close to your
original preference as possible.
e-mail (not used for solicitation)_____________________________________
SHIP ORDER TO:________________________________________________
QUANTITY
PLANTS (List possible s ubstitute in parentheses)
UNIT PRICE
TOTAL PRICE
Is this a non-plant item? Please use the separate form and shipping schedule onthe next page.
Is this a non-plant item? Please use the separate form and shipping schedule on reverse side.
Late ordering? Check www.sln.potsdam.ny.us for a list of out-of-stock items.
TOTAL PLANT PURCHASE
SHIPPING & HANDLING ON PLANTS

CATEGORY STATES INCLUDED
PLANT TOTAL
SHIPPING &
HANDLING
Nearby
States
CT, MA,
MA, MD,
MD,
CT,
NH,
NJ,
NY,
PA,
NH, NJ, NY, PA,
RI,
VT
RI, VT
Up to $45
$45.01 - $90.00
$90.01 - $150.00
$150.01 - $200.00
over $200
$14.00
$15.50
$18.50
$20.50
10% of order
Middle
Distance
States
IA,
Up to $45
IA, IL,
IL, IN,
IN, KY,
KY
ME,
MI,
MN,
$45.01
- $90.00
ME, MI, MN,
MO,
NC,
OH
$90.01
$150.00
MO, NC, OH,
TN, VA,
VA, WI,
WI, WV
WV $150.01 - $200.00
TN,
over $200
$18.50
$21.50
$25.50
$29.00
13.5% of order
Distant
States
AK, AZ, CO,

Up to $45
OR, ID, KS, MT,
$45.01 - $90.00
ND, NE, NM,
$90.01 - $150.00
NV, OK, SD, TX, $150.01 - $200.00
UT, WA, WY
over $200
$25.00
$29.50
$33.50
$37.00
18.5% of order
**Shipping & Handling __________________

Total__________________
Sales Tax (8%) if NY Resident__________________
Amount Enclosed__________________
Please make checks payable to BILL MACKENTLEY
TERMS OF PAYMENT. Full payment by check or
money order must accompany your order. The
exception to this is local customers, who may pay
when they come to pick up their trees. We do not
take credit cards.
Mail to: St. Lawrence Nurseries

325 State Hwy 345
Potsdam New York 13676
Telephone (315)-265-6739
NON-PLANT ORDER FORM-2015

Non-plant items (unless out of stock) will be shipped immediately via U.S. Postal Svc.
SHIP ORDER TO:_____________________________________________________________
Postal Address_________________________________________________________________
Town, State, ZipCode___________________________________________________________
Telephone_____________________________________________________________________
e-mail (not used for solicitation)___________________________________________________
QUANTITY
BOOKS, PRUNERS, T-SHIRTS, N UTCRACKERS, *NUT WIZARDS,

*PLANT PROTECS, *PRE-CUT SCREENS, *BRASS TREE LABELS
*brass labels below

books & t-shirts p. 34
nut cracker p. 17
*nut wizard p. 17
*Plant Protec p. 32
pruners & saws p. 32
*precut screens p. 19
UNIT PRICE
TOTAL PRICE
Want to order plants? Please use the separate form and shipping schedule on reverse side.

325 State Hwy 345
Potsdam, New York 13676
TOTAL NON-PLANT PURCHASE
Telephone (315)-265-6739
PERMANENT BRASS TREE LABELS

Plastic labels like those that we ship with our trees are temporary and will
fade due to sunlight, becoming unreadable after one season. These
permanent labels are hardened brass, about the thickness of a dog license
(40 thousandths of an inch), and custom imprinted with the name of your
tree. A wire hanger and instructions for attachment are included.
Shipment is by Priority Mail.
Specify imprint names of trees or plants.
1-12 labels $3.00 each, $5.75 shipping on all
50+ labels $2.50 each, shipping 10% of total
Shipping & Handling __________________

*Shipping is included or noted in description:
brass labels, plant protec units, nut wizards
& precut hardware-cloth screens
For other items see chart below.
Total__________________
Sales Tax (7%) if NY Residen t__________________
SHIPPING & HANDLING CHARGES

BOOKS, T-SHIRTS, PRUNERS,
NUTCRACKERS
TOTAL WEIGHT
3 oz or less
over 3 oz. to 1 lb.
1 to 3 lb.
3 to 4 lb.
4 to 7 lb.
7 to 12 lb.
BOOKS
ONLY
$2.50
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
7.50
NON-BOOKS
INCLUDED
-6.00
9.50
10.50
14.00
--
Total Weight non-plant items_____

Books only or non-books included?
PLANT ORDER FORM-2015
Please do not write in this space
DEADLINE FOR SPRING SHIPMENT:
APRIL 10 POSTMARK
PLEASE ORDER EARLY
**NY State residents: Because the shipping & handling is not an exact shipping amount, NY State requires that it be included when figuring sales tax.
Orders are shipped by Priority Mail. Please remember that you may not
receive this delivery at your home, but rather be notified of your package's
arrival at the Post Office via a slip in your mailbox. If you provide us with
your email address, we will notify you when your order has shipped.
SUBSTITUTION POLICY.
Please list on the order form which substitutes
Postal Address___________________________________________________ you would prefer if we run out of the variety you
if you collect your mail at a Post Office box, use the box number here have ordered. Should you wish a refund on items
that are out of stock, write No Subs. If your first
Town, State, ZipCode_____________________________________________ choice is out of stock, no preferred substitute is
listed, and you have not specified No Subs, we
Telephone_______________________________________________________ will choose a substitute that is as close to your
original preference as possible.
e-mail (not used for solicitation)_____________________________________
SHIP ORDER TO:________________________________________________
QUANTITY
PLANTS (List possible s ubstitute in parentheses)
UNIT PRICE
TOTAL PRICE
Is this a non-plant item? Please use the separate form and shipping schedule onthe next page.
Is this a non-plant item? Please use the separate form and shipping schedule on reverse side.
Late ordering? Check www.sln.potsdam.ny.us for a list of out-of-stock items.
TOTAL PLANT PURCHASE
SHIPPING & HANDLING ON PLANTS

CATEGORY STATES INCLUDED
PLANT TOTAL
SHIPPING &
HANDLING
Nearby
States
CT, MA,
MA, MD,
MD,
CT,
NH,
NJ,
NY,
PA,
NH, NJ, NY, PA,
RI,
VT
RI, VT
Up to $45
$45.01 - $90.00
$90.01 - $150.00
$150.01 - $200.00
over $200
$14.00
$15.50
$18.50
$20.50
10% of order
Middle
Distance
States
IA,
Up to $45
IA, IL,
IL, IN,
IN, KY,
KY
ME,
MI,
MN,
$45.01
- $90.00
ME, MI, MN,
MO,
NC,
OH
$90.01
$150.00
MO, NC, OH,
TN, VA,
VA, WI,
WI, WV
WV $150.01 - $200.00
TN,
over $200
$18.50
$21.50
$25.50
$29.00
13.5% of order
Distant
States
AK, AZ, CO,

Up to $45
OR, ID, KS, MT,
$45.01 - $90.00
ND, NE, NM,
$90.01 - $150.00
NV, OK, SD, TX, $150.01 - $200.00
UT, WA, WY
over $200
$25.00
$29.50
$33.50
$37.00
18.5% of order
**Shipping & Handling __________________

Total__________________
Sales Tax (8%) if NY Resident__________________
Please make checks payable to BILL MACKENTLEY
TERMS OF PAYMENT. Full payment by check or
money order must accompany your order. The
exception to this is local customers, who may pay
when they come to pick up their trees. We do not
take credit cards.

325 State Hwy 345
Potsdam New York 13676
Telephone (315)-265-6739
NON-PLANT ORDER FORM-2015

Non-plant items (unless out of stock) will be shipped immediately via U.S. Postal Svc.
SHIP ORDER TO:_____________________________________________________________
Postal Address_________________________________________________________________
Town, State, ZipCode___________________________________________________________
Telephone_____________________________________________________________________
e-mail (not used for solicitation)___________________________________________________
QUANTITY
BOOKS, PRUNERS, T-SHIRTS, N UTCRACKERS, *NUT WIZARDS,

*PLANT PROTECS, *PRE-CUT SCREENS, *BRASS TREE LABELS
*brass labels below

books & t-shirts p. 34
nut cracker p. 17
*nut wizard p. 17
*Plant Protec p. 32
pruners & saws p. 32
*precut screens p. 19
UNIT PRICE
TOTAL PRICE
Want to order plants? Please use the separate form and shipping schedule on reverse side.

325 State Hwy 345
TOTAL NON-PLANT PURCHASE
Telephone (315)-265-6739
PERMANENT BRASS TREE LABELS

Plastic labels like those that we ship with our trees are temporary and will
fade due to sunlight, becoming unreadable after one season. These
permanent labels are hardened brass, about the thickness of a dog license
(40 thousandths of an inch), and custom imprinted with the name of your
tree. A wire hanger and instructions for attachment are included.
Shipment is by Priority Mail.
Specify imprint names of trees or plants.
50+ labels $2.50 each, shipping 10% of total
Shipping & Handling __________________

*Shipping is included or noted in description:
brass labels, plant protec units, nut wizards
& precut hardware-cloth screens
For other items see chart below.
Total__________________
Sales Tax (7%) if NY Residen t__________________
SHIPPING & HANDLING CHARGES

BOOKS, T-SHIRTS, PRUNERS,
NUTCRACKERS
TOTAL WEIGHT
3 oz or less
over 3 oz. to 1 lb.
1 to 3 lb.
3 to 4 lb.
4 to 7 lb.
7 to 12 lb.
BOOKS
ONLY
$2.50
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
7.50
NON-BOOKS
INCLUDED
-6.00
9.50
10.50
14.00
--
Total Weight non-plant items_____

Books only or non-books included?
RECEIVING YOUR PLANTS

WHEN TO PLANT
Don't wait. Snow or frost will not hurt a dormant tree.

Trees should be transplanted when they are dormant, before they
begin to leaf out and grow. For most of USDA Zones 3-5 , this
means early to mid April, when the water table is still high.This is
not a very comfortable time for the planter (you); however, an
early planting date can often make the difference between vigorous growth or lingering survival in the first season. Don't wait until
garden-planting time! Plant your trees as soon as the ground is
thawed.
DAMAGE If an order is damaged in transit, please notify us right
away so that we can replace the damaged stock as soon as possible.
GUARANTEE We expect that you, the customer, will do your
part to assure that your trees are planted in a timely fashion,
watered and cared for adequately. If a plant dies anytime within its
first growing season, contact us. We will work with you to
determine the fairest course of action. If it seems that the plant did
not survive in spite of proper care on your part, we will replace it
at no charge. In some cases, we may ask you to pay for shipping
or offer to split the cost of replacement with you.
CUSTOMER SERVICE Our desire is to give you the pleasure,
ultimately, of picking fruit from your own trees. During the busy
season, we cannot personally oversee the selection and packaging
of each order. Mistakes do happen. If you have questions,
problems, or complaints about your order, please remember that
we are on your side. We will be reasonable and fair with you; we
ask only that you be honest and courteous to us. Write or call us
anytime: 315-265-6739 or email: [trees@sln.potsdam.ny.us]
During off-season months, (June through November,) we are
outdoors much of the time, so may take a bit longer to respond to
inquiries.
IF YOU CANNOT PLANT RIGHT AWAY It is better to

receive your plants early rather than late, even if your ground is
still frozen when they arrive. If the following directions are
heeded, the trees will keep fine until they can be planted.
1) Take off the outer white plastic wrapper. Inspect your plants to make sure that
they are in good condition and your order
was correctly filled. Look carefully...sometimes labels and smaller plants can be hidden down inside the inner root wrapper, or
wrapped in newspaper to protect them.
2) Check the roots for moisture (left)if
they seem dry, undo the inner wrapper and
soak the roots in a bucket of water for
several hours, then repack with damp sawdust. If you have a place in your garden that
has thawed on the surface, it may be possible to heel in the trees: dig a shallow
depression (below), lay the roots in it, and
cover with some loose, moist dirt. The roots
should not be exposed to air, even for a little
while. Keep them protected from wind and
sun until the moment of planting.
3) If heeling-in is impossible, keep the trees,
with roots in moist sawdust, in a cool place
such as a cellar or porch, but protect from
sunlight and extreme freezing temperatures.
Plant as soon as the ground is thawed. (A bit
of frost in the ground will not hurt.)
PLANTING GUIDE Planting and care instructions for each type

of plant that we sell can be found in our St. Lawrence Nurseries
Planting Guide. A complimentary copy of this booklet will be sent
to you with your order. (In the outside packet, under your shipping
label.) We have also included information on organic pest and
disease management, and many little tips that might be helpful
to you. If you'd like a peek at the Guide before your plants arrive,
we'll mail it to you for $4.50 (shipping included,) or you can view
it on our website: http://www.sln.potsdam.ny.us/pg.html
Precut Hardware-cloth Screens

for mouse and rabbit protection:
It may seem extravagant to buy screens instead of cutting
your own from a 3-ft. roll of hardware cloth, but having those
screens right there when you plant (instead of, Oh, the trees
will be OK until I get a chance to pick up a roll at the store...
and later, D__n! I meant to get that tree screened!)
After years of hearing sad stories about girdled fruit trees,
we have started offering to our customers the same 1 1/2-ft.
hardware-cloth screens that we use in our own orchard. We
recommend hardware cloth instead of plastic guards or wraps
because it allows air to circulate freely around the stem, keeping
away molds and rot. The screen will make a 4-inch diameter
cage. Instructions included.
Quantity
1-2
3-8
9-12
13-15
Price each
$4.00
$3.50
$3.50
$3.50
Shipping on all
$7.50
$10.50
$12.00
$13.50
19
CURRANTS & GOOSEBERRIES

The strong flavor of Black Currants is familiar to most Europeans
but fairly new to the American palate. They are used mostly in jams
and juices, and are high in vitamin C, potassium and bioflavinoids.
Black Currant, Ben Connan Ribes nigrum
2 to 3 ft. plants $11.50 each, $50 package of 5
(may mix Ben Connan, Ben Sarek, and Titania)
A cross between Ben Sarek and Ben
Lomond by the Scottish Crop Research
Institute. Large berries ripen early
and yield prodigiously. Highest
yielding variety in UK National trials. Compact growth habit.
Black Currant,
Ben Sarek
Ribes nigrum
2 to 3 ft. plants $11.50 each,
$50 package of 5 (may mix Ben Connan,
Ben Sarek, and Titania)
Developed by the Scottish Crop Research
Institute and released in 1984. Compact
growth habit, high yield and large fruit make
it ideal for U-pick. Hardy and disease resistant.
About 3 ft. tall at maturity. Plant 3 ft. apart.
Black Currant, Titania Ribes nigrum
(may mix Ben Connan, Ben Sarek, and Titania)
Our favorite. A very large berry with excellent taste.
Developed in Europe in the 1980's, Titania is
extremely hardy and disease resistant, both
to mildew and white pine blister rust.
Growth habit is vigorous and upright. Fruits heavily, with a long
season of ripening, beginning
midsummer and ending in early
September. A bit milder than other
cultivars, but with typical black
currant flavor. Mature height is 3-4
feet. Space 4 to 6 feet apart.
Black Currant, Consort
Kerry X Ribes ussuriens
While the fruit is not as large as Titania or the
Bens, Consort is very hardy and immune to
White Pine Blister Rust, making it possible to
grow these currants in areas where white pine is
planted. Plants will bear fruit the second year.
Mature height 4 ft. Plant 3 ft. apart.
Because Ribes species can serve as an

intermediate host for the White Pine
Blister Rust fungus, they are still
banned in several states, although
the Federal ban was lifted in 1966.
The black currant cultivars Consort
and Titania are highly resistant to white
pine blister rust. In 2003, following studies
done at Cornell re-assessing the risk to
white pines, New York made it legal to
grow red currants, gooseberries and
all cultivars of black currants in the
state. Customers concerned with
local laws in other states should
consult their State or County
Conservation Dept.
Red Currant, Red LakeRibes sp.
$70 package of 10
An extremely hardy and abundantly productive red currant, Red Lake is the best known
variety for jellies, compotes and fresh eating. The fruit is large and juicy, ripening in
mid-July. Red Lake has recently been listed
as very resistant to White Pine Blister Rust.
Mature height 3 ft. Plant 3 to 5 ft. apart.
White Currant, White ImperialRibes sp.
Named in Geneva, NY, about 1890. A white form of the red currant
--beautifully translucent and yummy!
Ornamental Black Currant,
Crandall Ribes odoratum
$70 package of 10
Also known as spicebush or
clove currant, this robust
grower is often referred to as
the North Country's answer to
Forsythia. Crandall is a selection of
ornamental black currant, an attractive,
4-foot bush that can produce an abundant
crop of edible fruit in its second season.
The berries are large and make a wonderful
pie! Spicy-scented flowers bloom in early Spring,
giving a burst of yellow to the landscape. Plant 3 to 4 feet apart.
Gooseberries, Pixwell variety Ribes sp.

A very hardy plant originating in North Dakota in 1932. Fruit is
medium in size, green, becoming purple when it ripens. The bush
is low, (about 3 ft.) has small thorns, and is very productive. Plant
3 feet apart.
20
Grape Culture. Grapes grow best in rich gravelly-loam soil. They should be supported on a 2-strand wire
fence or on a trellis, and, in very cold regions, pruned to a low-headed double trunk, so that the tough woody
part stays close to the ground and the more flexible canes can be bent down to be covered with mulch in
winter. Although ourPlanting Guide gives some basic information on planting and caring for
grape vines, a good book on grape culture is indispensable to the serious grower (p. 34.)
How long before they fruit? With proper cultivation and care, grape plants will start
to produce in 3-4 years. This will vary with soil type and climate.
Pollination. Most grapes are self-fruitful; however, St Pepin requires a pollinator,
and should be interplanted with other cultivars. In fact, all varieties can benefit by
some cross-pollination.
Spacing. Grape plants should be spaced 6 to 8 feet apart, with 6 to 8 feet
between rows.
1 ft. plants $9.00 each, $75 package of 10 (mixed varieties)
GRAPES
Cultivar
Hardiness
Parentage
Description
Blue s lipskin, small, tart, b est used for jams
and jellies. Extremely hardy, vigorous, and
disease resistant. Ripens mid-Sept.
Beta
E-V
Concord X Vitis Riparia
Bluebell
Beta X Unknown
Brianna
Kay G ray x E.S. 2-12-13
A French-American hybrid bred by Elmer Swenson in

WI and released by Iowa S tate i n 2001, B rianna has thick
skinned green-gold berries that can be made into white
wine or used as a seeded table grape. Matures late August.
Edelweiss
V-M
MN 7 8 X U nknown
White s lipskin. Ripens early, bearing heavy c lusters of fruit.

Excellent for juice and fresh eating. Produces a fruity wine
with a " foxy" fl avor.
Fredonia
V-M
Champion X Lucille
Blue s lipskin, large, e xcellent for j uice, fresh eating and wine.
Similar to Concord but 2 weeks earlier.
Frontenac
Medium size blue slipskin, good for fresh eating,

juice and jelly. Ripens early September with Worden.
Sweeter and larger than Valiant.
One of the hardiest wine grapes bred to date. Fruit quite small; produced in large, loose
Vitis riparia X
French hybrid Landot 4511 clusters. A good grower with marked resistance to most common grape diseases. Makes
excellent red wine.
Frontenac Gris
Originating from a bud mutation of Frontenac, this grape is essentially identical to it except
Vitis riparia X
French hybrid Landot 4511 for it's color: it is pink-white instead of red. Makes excellent white or blushed white wine.
Kay Gray
open poll. seedling of 217 White s lipskin, good for fresh eating and juice. Very disease resistant. Matures late August.
(MN 78 X G olden M uscat) Juicy and s weet, low acid. Not the best for wine.
King of the North
E-V
wild seedling
LaCrescent
MN 1166
St Pe pin X ES6-8-25
One of the best white wine selections from the Univ. of MN breeding program. Loose
clusters of fruit turn a golden brown when fully ripe. The fruit's delicious apricot-like flavor is
imparted to wines.
Louise S wenson
E-V
ES 48-33
One of Elmer's hardiest selections, Lo uise m akes a very fine white wine. May also b e used
as a table grape.
Marquette
MN1094 X R avat 262
Univ o f MN cultivar p roduces an o utstanding red wine. It s hows hi gh disease resistance and
is very hardy. Ripens in mid-Sept. Berries small to medium, with high (25.9) brix.
Prairie Star
ES 2-7-13 X
ES 2-8-1
Bred b y E lmer Swenson, possibly e ven hardier than Frontenac (to -40 degrees F.) Small
to medium white grape, ex cellent for fresh e ating and for wine. P roduces a non-foxy, fullflavored wine; often used in a blend to fortify thinner white wines. Ripens mid-September.
Sabrevois
(MN 78 X Siebal) X
(MN 78 X S eneca)
Produces medium-size c lusters of dark, nearly black, berries that make a high quality red
wine. One of the most vigorous and hardy of the Elmer Swenson crosses out of MN.
Somerset Seedless
ES 12-7-98
At last our first hardy seedless grape! Rosy, medium size fruit with an indescribably
wonderful taste. Ripens early (mid Sept) and berries often retain a slightly crunchy empty
ovule which i s not unp leasant in the least.
St. Pepin
M-P
Seyval X
(MN 78 X S eneca)
White slipskin with good disease resistance and exceptional vigor. Fruit has good dessert
quality. Makes good white wine and pink juice. Needs winter protection in cold areas.
(Hardy to -25 degrees F.)
Swenson Red
M-P
MN 78 X
Seibel 11803
A dark red non-slipskin table grape with 2 or 3 small seeds. Very disease resistant. Keeps
well in cold storage. Excellent for fresh eating with thin skin and a meaty texture. Also
makes a nice red wine.
Swenson White
M-P
ES6-1-43
Medium-large c lusters ripen to a y ellow, thick-skinned fruit, excellent for white wines. The
fruit ripens l ate and has a " flowery" taste. Very d isease resistant.
Valiant
Fredonia X
Vitis ri paria
Blue slipskin. Recent research has s hown Valiant to be e ven hardier than B eta, al though it
is not quite as disease tolerant. The berries are slightly larger and borne in larger clusters
than Beta, and are lower acid, but otherwise similar. A vigorous grower.
Worden
Concord,
open pollinated
Medium to large blue slipskin Concord-type grape. Produces tight clusters of sweet fruit
good for fresh eating and juice. An incredibly v igorous grower, producing 5-6 times more
growth p er y ear than any o ther i n this climate. Establishes quickly; fruits at a y oung ag e.
Blue slipskin, Concord type. Excellent for juice and fresh eating. 2-3 weeks earlier than
Concord. Almost never needs winter protection. Grapes hang onto stem better than
Fredonia but are not quite as sweet.
21
JUNEBERRIES
In Canada they are known as Saskatoons. Plant breeders have worked with Juneberries (the native shrub
is sometimes called Serviceberry or Shadblow) since the early 1900's, breeding for size and quality of fruit
and for higher production. Similar to a blueberry in looks and taste, the fruit hangs in clusters from
spreading, open, vase-shaped bushes which vary in height from 6-10 feet m
( ost Amelanchier alnifolia)
to 20-25 ft (Autumn Brilliance.) Suckering, the sprouting of multiple stems from the root, is considered
a desirable quality, since it increases the fruiting capacity of the bush. Plants are initially small, and benefit
from being set into a garden spot for 1-2 years, where they will receive extra watering and weeding,
before being moved to their permanent location. For many people, Juneberries are easier to grow
than blueberries because they do not require acid soils. They grow well on a variety of soils,
but prefer a loamy site with a pH of 6.0-7.0. It can be moist but not constantly wet.
Pollination Juneberries are self-fertile; however, planting more than one cultivar will
enhance yields.
Spacing 4 to 5 feet apart for
Fergie, 6 to 8 ft apart for
Honeywood, Lee #8, Martin, Nelson,
Northline, Pembina, Parkhill, Prince William, Regent, Smoky and Success. 10 to 15 feet
apart for Autumn Brilliance, Princess Diana, and Theissen. For a hedge effect, spacing
can be slightly closer.
6 to 12 inch plants $9.50 each,
$160 Package of 20, mixed varieties (you may choose)
Cultivar
Description
Autumn Brilliance
Amelanchier canadensis
Will reach a height of 20-25 feet. Beautiful white blossoms are followed by purplish sweet fruit. Very productive.
Fall foliage is a brilliant red-orange. Bark a smooth light grey reminiscent of beech.
Princess Diana
Can reach up to 20 f eet tall. Delightful large p urplish-red fruit i s sweet and abundant. Large white blossoms and vibrant Fall
color.
Prince William
Short in stature for Amelanchier canadensis, reaching only 10 feet at maturity. Blooms and fruits abundantly, producing an
annual crop o f hig h quality b erries. Brilliant Fall color.
Fergie
Amelanchier stolonifera
Our smallest Amelanchier, reaching o nly 5 ft. Well ad apted to more acid e astern soils. Tasty fruit, b right Fall color.
Fergie is no t a he avy p roducer o f suckers. Flowers a b it later than other varieties.
Productive, slightly tart, full flavor variety. Flowers a b it l ater than o ther varieties and ripens o ver a l onger period.
Honeywood
Amelanchier alnifolia OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015 Saskatchewan introduction by A . J . P orter.
A cross b etween Theissen and Northline, selected b y L. Le e i n Barrhead, Alberta. Lee # 8 reaches a maximum of 6-7 ft. It is
Lee #8
Amelanchier alnifolia OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015 a compact b ush that spreads slowly. High yield and consistent fruit q uality.
Martin
Amelanchier alnifolia
Largest fruit of any juneberry cultivar. Originated in S askatchewan in 1990 as an improved selection o f Theissen, with
larger b erries and more uni form ripening.
Medium to large berries, with few seeds and a good tangy flavor. Multi-stemmed and compact. From Bradwell,
Saskatchewan, 1974.
Nelson
Northline
Parkhill
Pembina
Regent
Smoky
Success
or A. sanguinae
Berries slightly pear-shaped, full-flavored with good sweet/tart

balance. Bears at an early age and suckers freely. From
Beaverlodge, Alberta. Introduced 1960.
Excellent ornamental with high q uality fruit. Bush up right
and vigorous, with moderate suckering. Originated in
Michigan. Matures at 5 - 7 ft.
Fruit full-flavored, borne on long clusters. Bush upright,
slightly spreading, with limited suckering. Bred i n
Barrhead, Alberta. Introduced 1952.
Best known variety in the U.S. Fruit hi gh quality, with a mild
flavor. Bush vigorous and productive. Developed in Regent,
ND. Matures at 4-6 ft.
Fruit large and round with a sweet, mild flavor. Ripens over long
period. Bush vigorous and spreading, forming many suckers. From
Beaverlodge, Alberta. Selected in 1928, i ntroduced in 1952.
The oldest known cultivar of Juneberry, dating to 1868. Upright, 6 t o 8 f oot
multi-stemmed shrub producing sweet, juicy berries, somewhat apple-like
in flavor. Will pollinate A utumn B rilliance, Princess Diana, and P rince William

From Saskatoon, S askatchewan. Introduced 1976. Open-shaped bush
Thiessen
22
with sprawling g rowth hab it, reaching 12 to14 feet i n he ight and e ven wider
crown at maturity. Moderate suckering. Large fruit; mild, pleasant flavor.
BLUEBERRIES
In recent years, Agriculture Research Stations have released many new half-high
blueberries, making it possible for us to produce reliable crops in Zone 3-4, where
most of the standard highbush blueberry cultivars (Bluecrop, Berkeley, Earliblue)
suffer frequent winter injury. Eightof these new half-highs were bred using the
Ashworth blueberry, which originated here at St. Lawrence Nurseries. The
shorter varieties, like Northsky, Northblue, and Putte, are readily covered by
snowfall, which affords them additional winter protection.
Blueberry Culture. The soil for good blueberry culture should be modified toward high
acidity (pH 4.5-5.2). A heavy annual application of pine needle mulch will accomplish this, or,
if more radical acidification is needed, plain sulfur will do the trick. Take time to test the pH of
your soil; blueberry plants will be sickly if the soil is not acid enough. Since you will want to provide
water and bird protection to the crop, consider the location of your blueberry patch accordingly. A good
continuous water supply is amust (drip irrigation or overhead), especially during fruit set, enlargement and
ripening. Insufficient water results in small, poor quality berries. Screening for birds is also necessary. A tightly
enclosed plastic or wire mesh should be used during the entire ripening period if you expect to get fruit. More specific
information on planting and growing blueberries can be found in our Planting Guide.
Pollination. Most of the blueberry cultivars listed are self-fruitful.
St. Cloud, Chippewa and Polaris require a different variety nearby
for pollination. Even for self-fruitful varieties, however, the fruit
crop will be increased, and fruit size enhanced, by the presence of
more than one variety in a planting.
8 to 18 inch plants $9.00 each
$150 Package of 20, mixed varieties (you may choose)
Spacing. Northsky and Putte may be set about 3 feet apart;

Northblue, St. Cloud, and Northcountry 4 feet apart; Bluegold,
Chippewa, Friendship, Patriot, Polaris and Superior should have
4-5 feet between plants. Northland is a bit more spreading, so space
5-6 ft apart. Spacing between rows should be 6-8 ft.
How long before they fruit? Blueberries will bear some fruit the
second year. They should be producing a good crop 4 years from
planting if their cultural requirements are fulfilled.
Variety
Parentage/Source
Description
Bluegold
Blue Haven X
(Ashworth X Bluecrop)
A productive and vigorous 4-foot bush. Berries are medium size, between Northland and Patriot.
They are aluminum blue with a good flavor. Yield is similar to Northland. Late season berry.
Chippewa
(G65 X Ashworth) X
U53
This half-high bush will reach 4 ft. in height . Chippewa is a midseason berriy with classic aluminum
blue color. Fruit is of medium size and very sweet . Needs a pollinator.
Friendship
Seedling of native
plant found growing
near Friendship, WI
About 3 ft. tall at maturity, Friendship is a late season, sky blue berry of medium size with a wild
blueberry flavor. Its productivity equals that of the Univ. of Minnesota crosses.
Northblue
(G65 X Ashworth) X
US3
Univ. o f Minnesota
A vigorous half-high reaching 2 ft. in height. Berries are large and dark b lue, with a flavor superior
to m ost h ighbush cultivars. A t m aturity Northblue will produce 5 -8 l bs. of f ruit per bush. A real
"workhorse" and very reliable cropper. Fall color particularly vivid.
Northcountry
(G65 X Ashworth) X
R2P4
Univ. of Minnesota
Introduced in 1983, and a sibling of Northsky, this half-high blueberry has shown itself to be very
hardy, vigorous and productive. Mature plants reach 2 1/2 to 4 ft. and yield 3-7 lbs. of fruit. Fruit
is medium size, with an attractive alumi num blue c olor.
Northland
Michigan Univ.
A half-high ( 4 ft.) b ush. N orthland is no t q uite as hardy as o ther half -highs, b ut will o ut-produce
them because it is a large, spreading bush. Berries are medium size and sweet with mild flavor.
Great for fresh eating.
Northsky
(G65 X Ashworth) X
R2P4
Univ. of Minnesota
Classified as a half -high, b ut grows as a l ow ( 1 f t.) s preading b ush. It m akes an excellent lo w

bord er fo r e dible l andscaping . F ruit i s s maller t han Northb lue an d s lower p icking, but i t's
exceptional sweetness and flavor make it our favorite for freezing. Attractive aluminum blue color.
Mature plants yield about 4 lbs. per bush.
Patriot
US3 X Earliblue
Univ. o f M aine
A half-high (4 ft.) b ush ab out as hardy as Northland. Berries have g reat flavor and are very large
(some cover a quarter). Highly productive. Easy picker. Good choice for U-pick operations. At
market, this is the variety that impresses our customers the most.
Polaris
Bluetta X
(G65 XAshworth)
A highly productive, early ripening half-high berry with yields similar to Northblue. Berries are very
aromatic with aluminum blue color. The bush will reach up to 4 ft. in height. at maturity. Needs a
pollinator.
Putte
Swedish Univ. o f
Agriculture Sc ience,
Balsgrd
A true lowbush, rather than a half-high, Putte was developed in Sweden using material from the
Nova Scotia breeding program. Plants mature at 12-18 inches and yield a sweet, blue-black berry.
In central Sweden it has survived -40 degrees.
St. Cloud
(G65 X Ashworth) X
US3
Univ. of Minnesota
Introduced in 1990, this half-high blueberry can reach up to 4 ft. when fully mature. Its fruit is usually
the earliest to ripen, and is small to medium with superior firmness and flavor. Bush is heavily
productive, yielding 2-7 lbs. per bush. Needs a pollinator.
Superior
MN 5451
records lost;
probably
G65 X Ashworth
This new r elease is a lat e-midseason b erry that matures at 3 t o 4 f t. i n o ur c limate. S imilar to
Chippewa; more upright than Northblue. Berries are large, medium blue, with a pleasant, balanced
flavor.
23
RASPBERRIES
When purchasing raspberry plants, it is an advantage to start with

plants that are clean or free of virus. There are many viruses
which affect raspberries, and these are found to varying degrees in
all parts of the country. The raspberry plants listed below are
virus indexed, meaning that they have been propagated from
stock that is free of virus. They can and often will, however,
gradually become virus-infected in later years, giving lower and
lower yields after many years in the same spot. If properly managed,
however, raspberries can be one of the easiest and most rewarding
small fruits to grow.
Planting. One of the most common mistakes in setting out raspberry cuttings is planting them too deep. Make sure the living buds
(green or white, see photo at left) near the root are not buried. These
buds are where the new growth will come from. While the roots
should be under the soil, the buds should be right at the surface so
that light can reach them. The cane above may put out leaves or die
back, but the top of the cane is unimportant compared to the buds
near its base.
Raspberry Culture. Set plants in rows rather than in a patch. Red raspberries will sucker, making new plants by sending
out shoots from the roots. To limit their expansion, we rototill the soil between the rows 3-4 times in a season. We alsochmul
only in the rows, never between them.(Mulching encourages suckering.) Keep the rows managable by pruning out old and
dead canes each year, or by mowing the whole patch after harvest if you have Fall berries. After several years, if the plants
show signs of virus (general decline), dig up some of the new shoots and start them in another location.
Raspberries like an acid soil (pH around 5) and lots of organic matter...leaves, manure,etc.
Pollination. It is not necessary to plant more than one variety for
Red Raspberries -- Summer vs. Fall pollination.
Most red raspberries bear two crops,
How long before they fruit?Raspberries will usually yield fruit the
a summer crop and a fall crop.
second year after planting, reaching full production in 3-4 years.
The first crop is in July and is
borne on 2-year canes. The late
Spacing. Red raspberries should be set 1-2 ft. apart, with 6-8 ft.
or fall crop is borne on 1-year between rows. Purple raspberries should be spaced 3 to 4 feet apart,
canes, and may come as early as with 10 to 12 ft between rows.
August or as late as November.
If a northern gardener wants a variety Red Raspberries
12 to 18 in. rooted cuttings $4.00 each, $40 per dozen
for its fall crop, it's important to
choose one that bears before freezing (maximum of 2 different varieties per dozen)
weather. Redwing and Autumn Bliss
Purple Raspberries
are such choices.
12 to 18 in. rooted cuttings $5.50 each, $55 per dozen
Cultivar
Parentage/Source
Description
Boyne
Chief X Indian Summer

Morden, Manitoba
Canes grow to about 5 ft. and are vigorous, e rect and sturdy. B erries d o not weight d own the
canes, so stay clean and are e asy to p ick without the use o f a support or trellis. Boyne is a
reliable cropper he re and has s hown itself to be very hardy. F ruit is r ed, medium size, with
good raspberry flavor...our favorite for freezing
Killarney
Chief X Indian Summer

Morden, Manitoba
Medium-size c anes, p erhaps a b it t aller than B oyne. K illarney is a li ght ho ney-red, and i s
extremely sweet for a raspberry. Tends to bear in clusters that weight down the canes, so support
is recommended.
Autumn Bl iss
US Plant Patent#6597
East Malling, England
A very early fall bearer (at least 2 weeks ahead of Heritage) with an extended harvest season.
We picked these from late August through the last week of September. Bliss is large and firm,
ships well, and is good for processing. It is resistant to mosaic virus.
Heritage X Fallred
Univ. of Minnesota
A productive fall berry that ripens a few days after Autumn Bliss. Smaller and softer than Autumn
Bliss and does not ship as well, but sweet and flavorful -- a good bet for home growers.
summer bearing
summer bearing
fall bearing
Redwing
fall bearing
Purple Raspberries
Purple Raspberries have the growth habit of a black raspberry. They do not spread by layering (sending shoots out underground)as red
raspberries do, but tend to stay put where they are planted. The canes are longer, with wider-spaced, very catchy thorns, and tend
to want to bend down to touch their tips to the ground. They should be tied to a trellis or wire support.
Brandywine
Purple
Raspberry
24
Hilton X NY631
NY Ag Ex pt Sta
Geneva, NY
A cross between a red raspberry and a black raspberry, Brandywine is a large, gorgeous berry
with a t art, full f lavor. It is marginally hardy for our area, but we have returned it to the c atalog
because we never stopped loving its special real raspberry" flavor. Fine for Zones 4 and up;
Zone 3 g rowers might see some winter dieback.
EDIBLE LANDSCAPE PLANTS
attractive to
wildlife
Dwarf Sour Cherry Prunus cerasus X Prunus fruiticosa 1 to 3 ft. plants $20.00 eachZone 2 Hardy. These two bush cherries are
the result of breeding work done originally by Dr. Les Kerr in the 1940's, and later by the Univ of Saskatchewan, crossing Prun
us cerasus
(pie cherries) with Prunus fruiticosa (dwarf ground cherry.) They are well adapted to the prairies, and will grow in clayrand/o
alkaline soils.
Mature height is from 4 to 8 ft, making them well-suited for high-density plantings. These cherries increase in sugar content
f left
i on the
bush, rising from 14 to17 brix in late July to up to 22 brix in late August. They will yield their first crop within 3 years
planting.
of Self-fertile.
Carmine Jewel Ripens early, from mid July
to mid August. The fruit is large; identical in
size and flavor to that of a pie cherry like Bali.
Has a more shrub-like growth than Bali, but
the ultimate size of the plant is similar. Small,
hard pits are easy to remove; flesh to pit ratio
of 5 to 1. Mature plants reach a height of 6-8
feet and can produce more than 20 lbs. of fruit.
Crimson Passion OUT OF STOCK FOR
2015 No suckers! Fruit large, almost the size
of a quarter. Of all Saskachewan's new bush
cherries, Crimson Passion has the highest
sugar content up to 22 brix. Because of it's
lower tendency to sucker, it's yield is less than
Carmine Jewel. It also has larger pits. Mature
height 4-5 ft. Ripens late Aug.
Aronia or Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa
Nero 2 to 4 ft. plants$8.50 each, $75 package of 10
Viking 1 to 2 ft. plants $8.50 each, $75 package of 10
Aronia berries contain the highest known
levels of antioxidants of any temperate fruit
five times higher than blueberry or
cranberry and also contain strong
anti-cancer compounds.
Nero and Viking are cultivars that produce a fruit
reputedly used in Russia
for pie production, and can
also be processed into juice.
Astringent when eaten fresh, but
useful as juice or wine, alone or
blended with other fruit. Will reach a
height of 5 feet. Plant 6 ft. apart, or 3
to 4 ft. apart for a hedge.
*Wild Black Chokeberry, McKenzie Aronia melanocarpa
Used traditionally as a landscape plant due to its hardiness and its
shiny, clean-cut leaves which turn crimson in the Fall. Berries are
borne in clusters that turn black as they ripen...very astringent,
but birds enjoy them! Nice scarlet Fall color. This cultivar was from
seedlings selected at the USDA Research Center in Bismark, ND.
*Wild Juneberry orServiceberry
Amelanchier alnifolia & canadensis
1to 2 ft. plants $6.00 ea, $50 package of 10
These are unselected (wild-type) seedlings. The fruit,
while smaller and less abundant than that of the
selected Juneberry or "Saskatoon" varieties on p. 22,
is very attractive to wildlife. Also known as Shadblow, this native shrub, more like a small tree, is the
first to adorn the Spring landscape, bursting forth
with a profusion of small white flowers. The fruit is
similar to a blueberry Fall foliage is
striking red splashed with yellow
and orange. The lowbush form,
Amelanchier alnifolia, grows best
in the western states, whereas the highbush form, Amelanchier canadensis , is best for
eastern locations. Alnifolia grows to 6-10 ft and should
be spaced 3 to 4 feet apart; canadensis reaches 20-25 ft.
and should be planted at least 6 to 8 feet apart.
Meader Bush Cherries

Prunus japonica X
P. jacquemontii
Joy 3 to 4 ft.Jan 1 to 2 ft. Joel 1 to 2 ft.
$13.00 each, Package of 5 $57.50
(your choice: may mix Joy, Jan & Joel)
Developed by E. M. Meader of the
Univ of New Hampshire, these three
cultivars produce a firm-fleshed, tart
cherry on a 4-foot bush. The
fruit ripens in August,
thereby avoiding heavy bird
pressure. About as hardy as
Nanking cherry, (to minus 30o F,)
although snow cover may afford additional protection. Loaded with fruit in
the late summer and with flashy red
autumn color, it makes a striking landscape
plant. For a hedge, plant 3 to 4 ft. apart. Joy
and Joel are self-fertile; Jan requires one of
the other two for pollination.
*Winterberry, Ilex verticillata

Winter Redfemale 3 to 4 ft. plants $7.50 each
Male 1 to 2 ft. plants $6.50 each
$65 package of 10 (8 female, 2 male)
A bright flash of color in an otherwise barren landscape, winterberry
shows up best in late Fall. This
northern holly loses its leaves but
produces scarlet red berries, which
hug the stem, lasting well into
winter to provide food for hungry birds. The boughs make
beautiful decorations for the
Winter Solstice season.
Mature plants will
reach 6 to 8 feet.
Winterberry plants are male
or female; only females make
berries but both are
necessary for fruiting.
Plant males 2 to 10 feet
from females or plant 1 of
each sex in the same hole to
ensure pollination.
*at least 2 plants required for pollination
25
EDIBLE LANDSCAPE PLANTS

American Highbush Cranberry Viburnum trilobum
Used for jams & preserves and to attract wildlife, the cranberry
bush is not a true cranberry but
rather a Viburnum related
to the Nannyberry. Berries are bright red and are
borne in large clusters
that are particularly ornamental against a
background of winter
white. Makes a dense
winter hedge which
will reach 6 to10 feet.
Thrives on a variety of
soil types... even slightly
wet areas (but not in a bog or
swamp). Plant 3 to 5 ft. apart for a
hedge.
Wentworth is a selection of the American
highbush cranberry with less tartness to the fruit.
Wild, unselected 2 ft. plants$6.00 each, $50 package of 10
Wentworth 3 to 4 ft. plants $8.00 each, $70 package of 10
WENTWORTH OUT OF STOCK FOR 2015
*Siberian Pea Shrub
Caragana arborescens
2 to 3 ft. plants $6.50each,
$55 package of 10
A member of the legume family, this
attractive shrub is nitrogen-fixing,
extremely hardy, and produces
small podded peas about the size
of elderberries. The peas are reportedly 36% protein and could be
used for flour, sprouts or animal (particularly chicken) feed. Mature height is
10 to 12 feet; may be kept shorter by
pruning. Does not mind sandy, alkaline
soil or open areas with high wind exposure. Spacing should be 8 to 15 feet, or 4
to 6 feet apart for a hedge.
*Sea Buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides
Unsexed 3 to 4 ft. plants$8.00 each,
$70 package of 10
Plant several to ensure pollination and fruiting.
Bright orange berries clustered close to
the stem, beautiful sliver-grey foliage,
and long thorns characterize this
small tree or shrub (10-12 ft. at
maturity) also known as
Seaberry or Siberian
pineapple. Planted 2
feet apart, it can make a
unique roadside hedge
that is tough and salt tolerant. The berries, although astringent, are
high in vitamins C and E.
Extremely hardy and tolerant
to drought, they will also grow
on alkaline soils. Plant no more
than 6 to 8 ft.apart.
26
attractive to
wildlife
*Haskap (Edible Honeysuckle)

Lonicera caerulea var. edulis
The fruit of this bush is a blue, teardropshaped berry with very tiny seeds (like
a blueberry.) The fruit is slightly tart but
tasty and useful for jam ,juice, dried fruit
and wine. These are the earliest plants in
the nursery to leaf out, flower and set
fruit. Cedar waxwings adore
them and so do the
bumblebees. The bush
is not climbing and not
invasive, and reaches
a height of 4 to 6 ft. Borealis,
Indigo Gem and Tundra will
pollinate eachother to a small
degree, but it's best to have at least one "Cinderella" plant to every
5 plants of the other three varieties.
*Borealis Excellent flavor, soft texture, good for fresh eating.
*Indigo Gem Excellent flavor, slightly "chewy" quality,
good for processing.
*Tundra Good flavor, firm texture, good for market.
*Cinderella Best pollinator for all of the other three varieties.
Haskap Package 4 plants $45.00
1 each Borealis, Cinderella, Indigo Gem, Tundra
*Rugosa rose Rosa rugosa
1 to 2 ft. plants$6.50 each,
$55 package of 10
A strong grower which is
tolerant to salt and sandy soil,
this ornamental rose bush
will reach a height of 3 to 6
feet. Blossoms are mostly pink,
but sometimes white or red.
Blooms fragrantly throughout the summer, producing large, mild-flavored hips
with an extremely high vitamin C content.
The hips can be dried for tea or used for jam,
jelly, syrup, and sauces. Rosa rugosa is the
hardiest rose known, withstanding-50oF. with no damage.
Plant 1- 2 feet apart for a hedge.
*Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina
A fast-growing native edible ornamental
that will often form thickets. "Rhus-ade"
made from ripe seed heads is
similar to lemonade and
very high in vitamin C.
The individual plants
grow10-12 feet tall in cold
climates, taller in warm climates. It prefers upland sites
with good drainage, and does not
do well in heavy, wet soils. Fall foliage is a stunning deep crimson
and the soft, beautiful
yellow-green wood,
when 2-3 inches
in diameter,
is ideal for
carving. Plant 2
to 5 feet apart.
*Elderberries Sambucus
canadensis
1 ft. rooted cuttings $7.00 each
$50 package of 8
(2 of each variety)
A pretty ornamental
and fruit bush which
will grow to a height of
6-7 feet. Tolerates wet
locations well, is
productive and
hardy, and has
Northrop Mulberry
lovely fall foMorus alba
liage. Berries
are ideal for
L
Northrop is the hardiest mulberry we've found. The parent tree was pies, jam, juices
and wine. Elplanted on the Northrop farm in the 1850's. Its location in just
outside of Potsdam, and it is the only mulberry for 70 miles in all derberry juice
directions. It is now over 2 1/2 ft in diameter and 70 ft tall These plantsis the best mediare propagated via tissue culture rather than by grafting, so they are cine for colds and
genetically identical to the parent from root to tip. Even though the flu, and a wonderful winter tonic! These plants come as a rooted cutting; they should
Northrop exhibits great hardiness, (it has survived minus
be buried with the green stem (if any) above the ground and the
50F,) young plants may take some winter dierest just below the surface. Plant 4 to 6 feet apart. To ensure
back due to extremely rapid growth in their first
pollination and abundant fruit, plant more than one variety.
few seasons. With care, Northrop can fruit
Varieties offered:
in 3-5 years. Self-fertile.
Homestead Hawthorn Crataegus mollis

This small (15 ft at maturity) tree is extremely
hardy and attractive with its long thorns,
pretty Spring flowers, ornamental fruit
and brilliant Fall color. Hawthorn berries have long been used in herbal
medicine, and birds also enjoy them.
Plant 15 feet apart;6 to 8 feet apart for
a hedge.
*Nannyberry (Wild Raisin)

Viburnum lentago
2 to 4 ft. plants$6.50 each,
$55 package of 10
About 8-10 feet when fullgrown, this attractive
bush bears a sweet flatseeded berry. Good to eat, if you can
beat the birds to the crop. Extremely
hardy. Plant 3 to 4 feet apart.
*Buffaloberry Shepherdia argentea

Unsexed 1 to 3 ft. plants$5.50 each
Plant several to ensure pollination & fruiting.
This attractive silver-leafed shrub is excellent for
hedges (reaching 8 to12 feet,) extremely hardy,
nitrogen-fixing, and produces a small
tart berry superb for jams and jellies.
Plants are male or female and are not
sexed, so its best to plant several to
ensure pollination. Although tolerant to drought when mature, it establishes best with plenty of water.
Space plants 2 to 3 feet apart for a
hedge.
Adams Originated in NY state, 1926. Berries exceptionally large.

Johns Originated at Nova Scotia Experiment Station. Has large
berries and clusters, ripens earlier than Adams. Extremely vigorous.
Nova Originated in Nova Scotia in 1946 as an open pollinated
seedling of Adams. Fruit large, sweet and uniform. Vigorous.
York Originated in NY state, 1964. A very large bush with
fruit larger than Adams. Considered one of the best cultivars.
Elderberry Juice - the best medicine for colds and flu;
a wonderful winter tonic!
Cut the umbels of fruit when the berries are black. You
can rake the berries from stems with a fork.
(A few stems won't matter.) Cook on top of stove with a
small amount of water, then strain as for jelly.
Optional: To make syrup, add 2 c.sugar
and 10 cloves for each pint of juice.
OUT OF STOCK FOR
*Wayfaring Bush Viburnum lantana 2015
Maturing at 8-12 ft, this is a lovely and often
overlooked edible landscape plant. Visually interesting, with a symmetrical
leaf texture,downy shoots, and prominent buds at each axil. Clusters of
black, flat-seeded berries are sweet
and very similar
to nannyberries.
*Nanking Cherry
Prunus tomentosa
18 in. to 3 ft. plants $7.00 each,
$60 package of 10
Beautiful flowers grace this shrub in early
spring, later developing into small sour
cherries which are fine for pies, jams and
jellies. Mature height is 5 to 6 ft. Medium
hardiness (to minus 30oF.) At least two plants
required for pollination. For a nice full
hedge, plant 3 to 4 feet apart.
27
28
TIMBER ANDYARD TREES

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum
$60 package of 10
The Hard or Rock
Maple is extremely
hardy and produces
some of the highest
quality lumber known.
There are trees more than
350 years old on record.
An excellent ornamental;
the standard tree used in
maple syrup production.
Red Maple Acer rubrum
The true native red or soft maple. Leaves are
green in summer and turn scarlet in the Fall;
providing a striking accent t o the autumn
tapestry of green, orange and gold. Tolerates moister soil conditions than the sugar
maple. Can be tapped.
Sweet Sap Silver Maple OUT OF STOCK
FOR 2015
10 or more $17 each, 100 or more $14 each
Our Sweet Sap Silver Maple is a special selection of
Acer saccharinum that produces sap with a sugar
content of 3 to 5%. (Sugar maples run about 2 to 2.5%.)
The advantage to the syrup maker is less time collecting,
hauling and boiling down sap. Silver maples will grow on wetter soils
than sugar maples and they are much faster growers, becoming
tappable in 8 to 10 years. They are also tolerant of clay soils.
Discovered in Canada by Cedric Larson, and propagated via tissue
culture. Maple syrup producers take note! There are a few
suppliers promoting and selling seedlings of high-sugar parent
trees. Although seedlings are important for their contribution to
a diverse gene pool, they will not necessarily exhibit the
high-sugar trait, since seedlings always involve genetic
recombination. Only vegetative propagation (cuttings
or micro-cuttings; tissue culture) will reliably produce the sweet sap trait in the offspring.
Black Cherry Prunus serotina
Our native Black Cherry, often overlooked in favor of
exotics, is a wonderful specimen tree in any yard. The
attractive bark and white flowers are the more obvious
benefits to humans; the small black cherries that follow
the flowers are a boon to wildlife. Birds adore the tree for
nesting sites. (With the grocery store so close by!)
And Black Cherry is also a leading
native timber tree, fast growing and valuable for lumber.
Thornless Honeylocust
Gleditsia triacanthos
Grown from local seed,
these trees are very hardy
and have a lacey oriental appearance. Their delicate leaf with many small
leaflets makes them a favorite yard and street tree.
The curly, long brown
pods often hang on the
tree well into winter.
THE STORY OF THE

SWEET-SAP SILVER MAPLE
The Sweet Sap Silver Maple is a project that has been in
the works since the 1960s. At that time, H. Cedric Larsson,
a regional research forester with the Ontario Dept of Lands
and Forests in Maple, Ontario, had found a cultivar ofAcer
saccharinum with a high sugar content in the sap. It tested
somewhere around 3 to 5 % sugar content. He gave some root
cuttings to his plant-breeder friends, one of whom was Fred
L. Ashworth, the originator of St Lawrence Nurseries in
northern NY state. Fred planted the cuttings and they
quickly grew into trees. After Fred died in 1977, Bill
MacKentley of Potsdam, NY, took over the nursery.
One of the sweet sap silver maples that Fred had
planted was on the nursery property.
The problem was how to propagate this tree in
a way that reliably yielded offspring with the
same high-sugar sap. Seedlings would be quite
variable. Root cuttings would not yield very
many trees. Because of the interplay of root and
stem in the yearly process of sap rising, grafting
would probably not work, because the rootstock
would exert an influence. As tissue culture began
to be successful with other species, Bill wondered
whether the SSS maple could be propagated by this
new method. He finally found a tissue culture lab that was
able to propagate the sweet sap silver maple.
The importance of this cultivar is not as a replacement for
sugar maple, but as an addition. Silver maples have more
tolerance to wet and/or clayey soils. They can be planted on
low lands that are not hospitable to sugar maple. They are fast
growing, becoming tappable in 8 to 10 years. And this
particular cultivar has a higher-than-average sugar content
in the sap, which means less hauling and less boiling down.
Sir William Cottonwood OUT OF STOCK
Populus deltoides FOR 2015
$65 package of 10
Introduced by Dr Glen Stanosz of
the Univ. of WI.Sir William can
grow 6-10 feet in the first year. It
is not weak wooded, and grows
into a healthy, sturdy, large tree
that can live 150+ years. Grows
well on a variety of soils, including
clay. Because of its fast growth and large
size (it can reach 80 feet) it should be planted at
least 30 ft. from any building. Resistant to all major
poplar diseases and hardier than any hybrid poplar.
Hackberry Celtis occidentalis
$65 package of 10
Resembles the American Elm in shape
and stature. Very hardy, with a natural
range that includes cold places like
northern Minnesota and North Dakota. The trunk has a rough corky
bark which forms distinct, visually interesting ridges. Birds like the berries.
29
SHRUBS AND HEDGES

Potentilla Potentilla fruticosa
2 ft. plants $6.50 each,
$55 package of 10
Specify white or yellow.
These beautiful small shrubs reach
2-3 ft. at maturity and flower all summer long, lending splashes of color to
any landscape. They blend well with
fruiting shrubs or trees and make excellent borders and low hedges. Hardy
to minus 50o F, potentilla grows well
in a variety of soils. It has a very
attractive tiny leaf. For borders
space 3 ft. apart.
Red Osier Dogwood Cornus sericea

You might have first noticed this native plant in
winter, when its blood red stems show brilliantly
against a background of snow. Red Osier keeps a
low profile, reaching 3-5 feet in height. It tends to
sucker, popping up new stems around the original
plant. Able to tolerate a range of soil types, Red Osier
is particularly well adapted to wet soil situations. The
berries are blue.
Forsythia
Forsythia sp.
$75 package of 10
Both of the following cultivars
will flower in much colder locations than most forsythia. Forsythia
does best on deep, well-drained soils.
An annual dose of compost is recommended. Plant 4 to 6 feet apart
Meadowlark An introduction
from North Dakota and the Arnold Arboretum.
Matures at 8-10 feet with bright yellow flowers; the buds
are fully hardy in Zone 3, withstanding winter extremes of
35 below.
Northern Gold Grows and flowers well in most Zone
3 conditions. Originated in Ottawa, Ontario in 1979.
Matures at about 7 feet.
30
Peking Cotoneaster
Cotoneaster lucidus
$50 package of 10
An extremely hardy, vigorous
grower, this is the standard shrub
used for hedge plantings in
northern climates. It has small,
shapely dark green leaves and attractive blue berries. A Cotoneaster hedge
will reach a height of 5 ft. but can be
kept pruned if desired. Plant 1 ft.
apart for a hedge.
Corkscrew Willow Salix sp.

2 to 3 ft. plants 7.50 each, $65 package of 10
Can be trained as a small tree or multistemmed
shrub. Naturally contorted branches twist and
turn resembling the much less hardy Harry
Lauder's Walking Stick. Even the leaves are
wavy. Unique specimen plant; likes wet areas.
Basket Willow Salix viminalis

2 to 3 ft. rooted cuttings $5.00 each,
$40 package of 10
The basket willow is a vigorous, uprightgrowing tall bush, producing 5-7 unbranched
stems per season. These stems can be woven
into baskets like the traditional laundry basket.
Plants should be cut to the ground every 2-3
years and mulched heavily. The silvery
catkins are small, but attractive. Does well in
wet soils and makes nice hedges.
Lilac Syringa vulgaris (common Lilac)
1 to 2 ft. plants 5.50 each, $45 package of 10
This shrub is ideal for large hedges, providing habitat and food for
birds and other wildlife. Its fragrant, pale purple flower clusters are
recognized by all as a sign that Spring is really here! Long lived
and sturdy, they will reach a mature height of 12 feet, filling in to
form a dense screen to increase privacy or block unwanted views.
Plant 4 to 6 ft. apart.
SEEDLING FRUIT TREES
These are trees that are not grafted but rather grown from seed. This means that their fruit is generally
lower quality and quite a bit more variable than that of a grafted cultivar. Still, they are fine for deer
and wildlife plantings, and some of them are used as hardy rootstocks.
Wild Apple Malus antonovka
$25 package of 10,
$50 package of 25
A vigorously growing seedling
apple which is used as a rootstock
by northern growers. The fruit is
nothing to write home about; a large,
yellow apple that can be used for
drying, cider, sometimes even fresh
eating depending on the seedling.
(Each one is genetically different.) A
good choice for wildlife plantings.
Manchurian Apricot
Prunus armeniaca var.mandschurica
These seedlings are hardy, but early bloom
time makes them a lottery ticket for many
who experience late Spring frosts. The fruit
varies with the seedling, but is said to be
good for fresh eating, preserves and drying. They grow as a small tree (12 ft. at
maturity) and should be planted 10 to 15 ft.
apart. Two are required for pollination.
Native American Plum

Prunus americana
Manchurian Crabapple Malus baccata
Extremely hardy and
precocious producers of
$25 package of 10, $50 package of 25
a red-yellow, sweet plum
The hardiest member of the apple family, this species is often used
that is delightful eaten
as a rootstock for hardy crabapples. The fruit is a small, tart
fresh. The pulp is univercrabapple relished by deer, birds and other wildlife. A foolproof
sally sweet, while the skin
grower in the far North.
tends to be tart. Grows as
a tall shrub or small tree,
and can be spaced as close as
5
feet
to create a plum patch or
Siberian Pear Pyrus ussuriensis
flowering hedge that will yield plenty for birds, kids, neighbors and
fresh plum sauce (we use a Squeezo to separate the pulp from the
$25 package of 10,
skins, then store in the freezer). Ripens late August through Sept.
$50 package of 25
Needs to be pollinated by another Native American seedling plum,
Extremely hardy seedling pear with
a cherry-plum (p. 14) or one of the A group of grafted plums (p.15)
an astringent fruit that, although it
is unpalatable, makes a delightful
vinegar. The tree has thorns, is a
vigorous grower, very hardy, and
Common Seedling Pear Pyrus communis
produces a profusion of white
1 to 2 ft. trees $3.00 each, $25 package of 10, $50 package of 25
blossoms which open about a
We use Pyrus communis as a rootstock for most of the pears we
week before the apples. Used as a
graft. It is a hardy, standard size tree which, ungrafted, will bear fruit
rootstock for Ussurensis-type
of variable size and quality. Not as hardy as P. ussuriensis, but
pears. Bright orange-red Fall color.
compatible with European-type pears for grafting. Two required for
Two required for pollination.
pollination.
31
TOOLS, ETC.
Felco 8 (righty) and 9 (lefty)
Precision Cut Pruners: These Swiss
hand-held pruners are the best in the
3
business.
/4 lb, $52.00
Felco 6: (righty only):For small hands,
these are the same quality as the 8's and
9's, but are easier to grip. 3/4 lb, $52.00
Simply the best pruners

in the World
Leather holster for pruning shears

1
/4 lb, $8.50
Pruner and holster package
Felco #'s 6,8 or 9
1 lb, $58.00
Plant Pro-tec Natural Deer Repellent

This Natural Deer Repellent lasts 6 to 8 months, thanks to
a semi-permeable membrane that prevents breakdown of
the active compounds (garlic and hot pepper) as they are
slowly released. One unit may be enough, or you may need
2 or 3 for a larger tree. We have used these to good effect
on our black walnut plantings. Use only where a fence is
not practical.
32
Quantity
Price,
including shipping
25 units
50 units
250 units
$21.50
$33.50
$126
Felco 600: A folding saw small enough to

fit into your pocket. It really cuts! Will
handle branches up to 4" diameter.
1
/2 lb, $28.00
Felco 21: Long-handled professional
pruners used in commercial orchards. If
you do a lot of pruning on mature trees,
these are worth having. 4 lb, $85.00
Felco SS: A 3-3/4 inch-long sharpener
with a composite steel blade. No
pressure required. Great! 1/4 lb, $17.00
33
BOOKS & T-SHIRTS

St. Lawrence Nurseries Planting Guide , 42 pp. Contains planting
instructions for each species that we sell, as well as suggestions for
follow-up care and organic methods of pest and disease management.
A free copy will be sent with each tree order. Booklet 3 oz, $2
The Apple Grower: A Guide for the Organic Orchardist; Phillips,

Michael; 343 pp.; Illus.; Chelsea Green Pub. Co.; 1998. People
always ask, Is there one book dealing with all aspects of organic
apple growing? Here it is! This new edition has added 100 pages,
more info and many color photos on site selection, orchard care,
Uncommon Fruits for Every Garden; Reich, Lee; 288 pp.; Illus.;
pruning, spraying, pests, marketing, etc. Whether you plan to grow
Timber Press. Many non-mainstream fruits are described in this book, apples organically or chemically, this book is a must for your library.
which is illustrated with beautiful color plates. Lee gives us historical Softbound 2 lb, $40.00
background, interesting facts, tips on cultivation and propagation, and
suggestions for the harvest and use of juneberry, lingonberry, mulThe Wholistic Orchard: Tree Fruits & Berries the Biological Way;
berry, Russian olive, currants, gooseberries, Nanking cherries, and
Phillips, Michael. ; 399pp.; Illus.; Chelsea Green Pub. Co; 2011. If we
many others. Softbound 1 1/2 lb, $17.00
want truly healthy fruit trees, it's not enough to grow them in the
traditional orchard manner and simply substitute organically certified
Diseases of Tree Fruits;(New Edition!) Jones, A.L. and Sutton, T.B.; sprays for petrochemical poisons. The goal is to emulate nature...to
116 pp.; Illus.; Michigan State Univ; 1997. This booklet has 170 full- cultivate the tree's own defense against disease. Supporting the
color photos of all major diseases of pome and stone fruits. The life
fungal network through haphazard mulching and making a friendly
cycle of each disease is outlined, with cultural practices, resistant
environment for beneficials through judicious mowing are examples
varieties, and other control mechanisms discussed fully.
of the topics covered in this new book. Soft bound 2 lb, $40.00
Softbound 1 lb, $17.00
The Sugarmaker's Companion; Farrell, Michael; 328pp.; Illus.;
Tree Basics; Shigo, Alex; 42 pp.; Illus.; Shigo & Trees. The late Alex Chelsea Green Pub. Co; 2013. Did you know that black walnut,
Shigo was the Father of modern tree biology. He developed the
butternut and birch can be tapped like maple to produce a delicious
internationally used CODIT system, was first to describe how
and valuable syrup? Should you tap or cut your woodlot for timber?
branches are attached to trunks, and discredited the long-believed
How about community syrup making? Mike Farrell gives a thorough
heartrot concept. This is a wonderful primer on how trees grow and and thought-provoking overview on the maple sugar industry and its
respond to injury, with tips on how to prune in the way that least hurts possibilities. Soft bound 2 1/4 lb, $40.00
the tree. Softbound 1/2 lb, $9.00
The Cider Maker's Handbook; Jolicouer, Claude; 338pp.; Illus.;
Training and Pruning Apple Trees; Forsley, C.G.; 23 pp; Illus.
Chelsea Green Pub. Co; 2013. Covers all aspects of cidermaking from
Cornell Information Bulletin #112. This pamphlet is an excellent
cultivar selection through pressing, fermentation, and the finished
treatise on pruning and shaping apple trees. Illustrated with 28 black- product. Lots of technical information presented in a clear, welland-white drawings showing where and why to cut, with accompany- explained manner. For the DYIer he includes detailed plans on
ing text geared to the amateur fruit grower.
building grinders and presses. There is also a dynamite chapter on
Booklet 2 oz, $3.50
making ice cider Soft bound 3 lb, $40.00
The Pruning Book; Reich, L.; 234 pp. ;Illus.; Taunton Press; 1997.
Extremely well written; covers all aspects of pruning. Explains how
to make pruning cuts, as well as introducing the reader to the pruning
needs of tree fruits and vines. There is even a chapter on pollarding.
Extensive use of color photographs and explanatory drawings. Voted
best new book on Horticulture for 1997.
Softbound 1 1/2 lb, $22.00
The Foragers Harvest; Thayer, Samuel; 360pp.; Illus.; Foragers

Harvest Press; 2006. The most complete treatment of wild edible
plants we've come across in 50 years of reading. Every aspect of how,
when and where to harvest 32 of the most common wild plants, and
the nuances of preparing and eating your bounty. Great photos and
stories of foraging experiences.
Soft bound 1 3/4 lb, $25.00
Northern Winework--Growing Grapes & Making Wine in Cold

Climates, 2nd Edition;Tom Plocher & Bob Parke;220 pp.;Illus.; selfpublished, 2010. Extremely well-written in a clear and conversational
style that makes even the technical info easy to understand. Special
marks for the authors' clear explanation of winter hardiness. You can
tell these guys are actually out there
doing what theyare writing about.
Softbound 1 3/4 lb, $40.00
Nature's Garden; Thayer, Samuel; 512pp.; Illus.; Foragers Harvest

Press; 2010. This second volume continues Sam's thorough coverage
of the plants in The Forager's Harvest, as well as 42 more. He clearly
explains details of gathering greens, bush and tree fruit, nuts, roots,
wild grains and berries, as well as many little tricks for cooking and
preparing that only one with long personal experience (and many
failures!) could know. Soft bound 2 1/4 lb, $25.00
Growing Grapes in Minnesota; 64 pp.; Illus.; Minnesota Grape

Growers Association; 1990. This new edition is an excellent and
easy-to-read primer on growing grapes in cold climates. Especially
enlightening on trellis systems, pruning and winter protection.
Softbound 1/2 lb, $15.00
Mighty Giants, An American Chestnut Anthology; Chris Bolgiano
& Glenn Novak, 268 pp, Illus.; Amcn Chestnut Foundation; 2007.
This book chronicles the heyday of the American chestnut, its
devastating loss due to chestnut blight, and the quest to bring this
legendary species back to our woods and fields.
Softbound 21/4 lb, $25.00
Nut Tree Culture in North America Vol. I; Fulbright, Dennis W.
editor; 395 pp.; Illus.; Northern Nut Growers Assn. Inc.; 2003. This
first volume (Vol. II to follow) represents half the nut world, covering
hazels, pecans, hickories, chestnuts, and lesser nuts. Despite grainy
photos and rough drawings, there is a wealth of information on
nutrition, marketing, culture, processing and propagation.
Hardbound 2 1/2 lb, $55.00
34
Plant Till
You're Planted
T-Shirt
Our green design on a bright yellow
100% cotton T-shirt features this
earthy motto borrowed from the late
John Hershey, a well-known tree
crops advocate, illustrated creatively in the print of an original
paper-cut by local artist Susan
Heberling.
Med, Lg, ExLg
1/2 lb, 12.00
GRATITUDE
After 34 years in business, St Lawrence Nurseries will be ending our retail catalog sales after 2015.
It's been a great and fulfilling
livelihood, and we consider ourselves lucky to have been surrounded and supported by many hard-working and talented people.
Nearing 70 yrs of age, we are ready for a quieter life, perhaps including some writing (a book on Nut-Growing is first on the
list,) and simply concentrating on the business of everyday living on our farm
. We will continue to wholesale some specialty items,
like Sweet Sap Silver Maples and our northern-grown black walnuts.
Over the years, our crew has always been the backbone of our success as a business.In June you might find them lying down
between the nursery beds in the hot sun, cutting rubbers on the new grafts. During the summer they water, mulch and weed all
of the beds of trees to encourage optimum growth during our very limited season, hauling hoses where they are needed and gpullin
cartloads of weeds for the compost pile.In November, they might well be working out in blizzard conditions, digging and baggi
ng
trees for winter storage. Each season demands a different set of skills, and these amazing individuals do it all with energy,
competence and a sense of humor. Their cheerful and helpful attitude is part of what makes St Lawrence Nurseries the customerfriendly business that it is.
For the past 30 years, our friend and artist, Mike DiGiorgio, has created the beautiful drawings which are such an integral
part of our catalog. Mike's first love is birds, but he has also faithfully rendered over 100 plant illustrations for us over
the years.
Some of his prints and original paintings can be found at [http://www.mdigiorgio.com] Mike also does beautiful pet
portraits...check them out at [http://www.etsy.com/listing/82734683/pet-portraits-on-etsy-by-michael]
Friend and computer mentorRuss Nelson of Crynwr Software, [nelson@ crynwr,com], had us on the web before most of us even
knew what www. was. Russ guided us into the computer generation, and since then has helped us with hardware, software,
website, email, and mailing list.
But our most profound gratitude goes toYOU, our customers, who live in all the coldest places in the country. You have shown
us your approval by ordering over and over again, and by telling your friends about us! As we enter our retirement years, we
will think fondly of the orchards and edible landscapes that we helped you create.
Bill and Diana MacKentley
St Lawrence Nurseries Fall 2014 digging crew, from left to right:

Bill MacKentley, Sal Sarmiento, Tony La Joie,Adam Randall, George Morris, Zac Fitzgerald, Dean Thornton.
St. Lawrence Nurseries

325 State Hwy 345
Change Service Requested
Standard Rate
U.S. Postage
PAID
permit No. 25
Potsdam, NY
CONTENTS
Topic
Page
About us..................................... 3
Apples...................................... 4-12
Apricots ..................................... 14
Books......................................... 34
Blueberries................................. 23
Bush Cherries............................ 25
Pie Cherries............................... 14
Cherry-Plums............................. 14
Currants ..................................... 20
Deer Repellent .......................... 32
Edible Landscape ................... 25-27
Grapes........................................ 21
Juneberries................................. 22
Labels, brass.................nonplant order form
Nut Trees................................. 16-17
Ordering info............................ 18
Receiving your order ................ 19
Rootstock .................................. 31
Pears.......................................... 13
Grafted plums............................ 15
Seedling fruit trees .................... 31
Pruners & saws ......................... 32
Raspberries.............................. . 24
Screens, protective .................... 19
Shrubs & Hedges ...................... 30
T-shirt ........................................ 34
Timber, Yard Trees.................. 29
Zone Map.................................... 2
Printed on recycled paper

Cover is 100%
post-consumer recycled

2015 SLN Cat Lores

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

2015 SLN Cat Lores

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

St.

NORTHERN CLIMATE FRUIT AND NUT TREES

325 STATE HWY 345

POTSDAM, NEW YORK 13676

World Wide Webhttp://www.sln.potsdam.ny.us

WHAT IS YOUR USDA GROWING ZONE?

Thanks to Storey Communications, Inc.,

OFF SEASON & BUSINESS HOURS

St Lawrence Nurseries is a family farm and the homestead of Bill and

ABOUT OUR TREES

APPLE TREES FOR NORTHERN CLIMATES

DR(sfr) Disease Resistance:

OUR PICK APPLES $20/EACH

Heritage apple, our pick

Late-season apple, our pick

Good eating apple, our pick

Super cold-hardy apple, our pick

Good cider/juice apple, our pick

APPLE VARIETIES: pp. 5-12

Longlasting, profuse clusters of white flowers give way to

Large size, good cooking qualities.(Great pie apple!)

Produces heavy clusters o f 1 to 1 1/ 2 inch c rabapples that

storage. Super cold-hardy.

Red wash over

White, fine-grained flesh bleeding to pink when fully ripe.

Early-mid Bears at a young age. Good for sauce and baking.

Make a Russian friend smile--give he r an A ntonovka tree!

Fruit of highest quality. Will keep 3-4 months. Makes

Tender skin, good eating and cooking apple. White flesh

+St. Lawrence Nurseries introduction

DR Disease Resistance to sscab, ffireblight, rcedar apple rust

$24 each 2 to 4 ft. trees

APPLE VARIETIES, continued

Quality moderately good when ripe, improve s with storage.

Sweet, good-tasting and juicy. Flesh s ometimes s tained

Grows v igorously and fruits annually at a y oung age. Fruit

E-V Blue P earmain type

An excellent k eeper with crisp, firm, yellowish flesh.

Flesh white, juicy and crisp. Eating quality as good or

This apple will freeze right on the tree, becoming "bletted"

Fruit small, flesh ye llow with a mild, rich, spicy flavor.

Monroe X NY 18491 Dark Red

Very high quality dessert apple. Beautiful appearance.

Attractive, medium to large apple with sweet-tart flavor-very

open poll seedling

Excellent eating apple, also go od for cooking. Strong

Early-mid Beautiful fruit with an exaggerated "Delicious" shape.

Excellent dessert quality. A nnual b earer, ripening o ver l ong

Crab or not, Chestnut is one of the best-flavored apples

A deep red form of Fireside. Large apples are s weet and

V-M Ben Davis X

E-V Fameuse family

Large fruit; good for fresh eating and culinary use.

High quality dessert apple with distinctive flavor. Keeps all

We acquired this cultivar years ago from a local orchardist.

A s pecialty ap ple with a banana aroma; hardier than i ts

+St. Lawrence Nurseries introduction

DR Disease Resistance to sscab, ffireblight, rcedar apple rust

$24 each 2 to 4 ft. trees

APPLE VARIETIES, continued

Small, good-flavored fruit that is highly ornamental and

Medium to large, very good, sweet eating apple. Keeps

Early to Famous old apple of Russian origin. Medium to large