Outline
WLAN v.s. Wired LAN
WiFi
IEEE 802.11 Features
IEEE 802.11 Physical Layers
Hidden Node Problem
IEEE 802.11 MAC
IEEE 802.11 Architecture
IEEE 802.11 MAC Data Frame Structure
Disadvantage
Quality of service: WLANs typically offer lower quality than
their wired counterparts
Proprietary solutions: Due to slow standardization
procedures
Restrictions: All wireless products have to comply with
national regulations
Safety and security: Using radio waves for data
transmission might interfere with other high-tech
equipment in, e.g., hospitals. All standards must offer
(automatic) encryption, privacy mechanisms, support for
anonymity etc.
WiFi
Almost all wireless LANs now are IEEE 802.11 based
Competing technologies, e.g., HiperLAN cant compete on
volume and cost
802.11 is also known as WiFi = Wireless Fidelity
Fidelity = Compatibility between wireless equipment from
different manufacturers
WiFi Alliance is a non-profit organization that does the
compatibility testing (WiFi.org)
Fourth part:
IEEE 802.11g-2003 : 2.4 GHz band, 54 Mbps/20 MHz, OFDM
Fifth part
IEEE 802.11n-2009: 2.5/5 Ghz band, 100+ Mbps/40 MHz, OFDM,
MIMO
What is OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Ten 100 kHz channels are better than one 1 MHz Channel
What is MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output
RF chain for each antenna Simultaneous reception or
transmission of multiple streams
4-Way Handshake
A
Data
Ack
DFS Example
Example: Slot Time = 1, CWmin = 5, DIFS=3, PIFS=2,
SIFS=1,
Infrastructure
Ad-hoc
802.11n
11n = Next Generation of 802.11
4x to 5x faster than 11a/g (802.11a/g have 54 Mbps over
the air and 25 Mbps to user)
64-QAM with 5/6 code rate, 2 spatial streams, 40 MHz
channel, 400ns guard interval gives 270 Mbps
802.11n products are already available
802.11p: WAVE
Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment
Data exchange between vehicles or between vehicles and
road-side infrastructure
Vehicle safety services, toll collections, commerce
transactions
Up to 1000m at 200 km/h
Provides lower layers of Dedicated Short Range
Communication (DSRC)
Uses 5 and 10 MHz channels at 5.9 GHz (5.85-5.925GHz)
Assignment 1 - WLAN
1. Two 802.11 stations get frames to transmit at time t=0.
The 3rd station has just finished transmitting a long
packet at t=0. The transmission parameters are: Slot
time=1, SIFS=1, DIFS=3, CWmin=5, CWmax=7. Assume
that the pseudo-random number generated are 1, 3. The
data size is 3 slots. Draw a transmission diagram. How
many slots before the two packets will get acknowledged
assuming no new arrivals.