TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 2
1.1
2.0

Ecological Crisis............................................................................................. 2
ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: CAUSES AND IMPACTS....................................................3

2.1

Causes........................................................................................................... 3

2.1.2

Deforestation.............................................................................................. 3

2.1.1

Transportation............................................................................................ 3

2.1.2

Fossil Fuel................................................................................................. 3

2.2

Impacts........................................................................................................... 3

3.0 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES..................................................................................... 4

3.1

Malaysian Commitments.................................................................................. 4

3.2

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)..........................................................4

3.3

Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA).......................................................................4

3.4
Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA): Encourage Use of Solar
Photovoltaic................................................................................................................ 4
4.0 DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................... 5
5.0 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................... 6
6.0 REFERENCES........................................................................................................ 7

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Malaysia is undergoing rapid development in fulfilling the aspiration of achieving a developed
nation status by year 2020 (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Urban Population Trends in Malaysia. Source: National Physical Plan 2.

It is reasoned that efficient mobility enhances productivity and encourages economic activity,
thereby increasing national output and competitiveness (Aziz, A.B.A. et al., 2012)
Many human activities produce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but roughly two-thirds of the
total anthropogenic emissions comes from fossil fuel combustion for transportation, buildings,
and industry. Transportation-related emissions are the dominant contributing source of air
pollutants today.
Land use changes that remove plants that absorb carbon dioxide (CO 2) contribute to the
problem. The increasing in GHGs concentration has become a major challenge, therefore, the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has become a primary focus of environmental programs
in countries around the world.
Ecological Crisis

Atmosphere

Hydrosphere

Ecology
Lithosphere

Biosphere

1.1

2.0 ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: CAUSES AND IMPACTS

2.1

Causes

2.1.2

Deforestation

2.1.1

Transportation

The transportation sector is greatly contributing to the socio-economic development worldwide

with inherent environmental impacts. The conflicts are ever increasing between the goals of
fulfilling mobility needs and improving quality of environment. The transport sector is responsible
for the emission of more than a quarter of CO 2 world-wide, as well as considerable shares of
methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and is thereby one of the largest single
contributors to global greenhouse gas GHG emissions. Unbounded emissions of greenhouse
gases to atmosphere warmed the planet to levels that have never been experienced in the
history of human civilization. Climate change due to global warming could have far-reaching and
unpredictable environmental, social, and economic consequences.
Narrowing CO2 emission from transport sector in Southeast Asia, Malaysia is second largest per
capita greenhouse gas emitter among the group of ASEAN countries. Although, Malaysia
shares only 0.3% of global GHG emission the major concern lies in the ever increasing trend of
GHG emission. When many developed countries have successfully reduced the GHG emission,
Malaysia continues to increase its emission level. A comparative through the time series of GHG
emission by Malaysia and a few developed countries of Europe, it is indicated that Malaysia has
already surpassed many developed countries in terms of GHG emission. As a result of which
the country is facing an increasing domestic and international pressure to decelerate its
greenhouse gas emission (Ghadimzadeh, A. et al., 2015).
2.1.2

Fossil Fuel

2.2

Impacts

3.0 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

3.1

Malaysian Commitments

3.2

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

3.3

Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA)

Under the current process, major developments will be required to include a Traffic Impact
Assessment (TIA) report to provide quantitative analysis and qualitative assessment of the
effects that the proposed development will have on the surrounding highway network, and the
scope for mitigating them. There is no specific requirement on the assessment of public
transport provision and performance.
3.4
Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA): Encourage Use of Solar
Photovoltaic

4.0 DISCUSSION
4.1

Regulatory Strengthening

Many of the key challenges identified for the development of Malaysia revolve around the need
to strengthen the regulatory framework.

5.0 CONCLUSION

6.0 REFERENCES
Aziz, A.B.A. & Amin, N.F.M. (2012). Transforming the Land Public Transport System in Malaysia.
JOURNEYS. (May): 30 37.
Ghadimzade, A., Makmom, A.A., Hosea, M.K., Asgari, N., Shamsipour, R., Askari, A. & Narany,
T.S. (2015). Review on CO2 Emission from Transportation Sector in Malaysia. IOSR-JESTFT.
(May): 61-70