Preliminary Pages

COLLEGE STUDENT COUNCIL (CSC) ELECTIONS:
PRACTICES AND INSIGHTS
A Thesis
Presented to
the Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences,
Teacher Education and Information Technology
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Arts
Major in Political Science
by:
GARCIA, JETLE WARREN B.

GURTIZA, VANESSA YVONNE A.
REYES, JOSELLE J.
1
March 2016
INDORSEMENT
This
thesis
entitled,
COLLEGE
STUDENT
COUNCIL
ELECTIONS:
PRACTICES AND INSIGHTS OF SAINT LOUIS COLLEGE (LA UNION),

prepared and submitted by Jetle Warren B. Garcia, Vanessa Yvonne A.
Gurtiza and Joselle J. Reyes, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree BACHELOR OF ARTS MAJOR IN POLITICAL SCIENCE, has
been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral
Examination.
JOSEPH M. CRISTOBAL, Ed. D

Research Adviser
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, COLLEGE STUDENT COUNCIL

ELECTIONS: PRACTICES AND INSIGHTS OF SAINT LOUIS COLLEGE,
prepared and submitted by GARCIA, JETLE WARREN B., GURTIZA,
VANESSA YVONNE A. and REYES, JOSELLE J., is recommended for

Oral Examination.
DANIEL B. PAGUIA, Ed.D

Chairperson
FELJONE G. RAGMA, Ed.D

Member
JOCEL R. OPEA, AB
Member
APPROVAL
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a Rating of ____ %

on ______________ (date).
DANIEL B. PAGUIA, Ed.D

Chairperson
FELJONE G. RAGMA, Ed.D

Member
JOCEL R. OPEA, AB
Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for

the degree Bachelor of Arts Major in Political Science.
AURORA D. CARBONELL, Ed.D.

Dean, CAS-TE-IT
Saint Louis College
City of San Fernando (La Union)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research study is not the work of the researchers alone. The
involvement of diverse students and instructors has made this possible
to be accomplished. Thus, we sincerely extend our gratitude to the
following:
To the Almighty God, who is the provider of all things here on
Earth especially for the gift of life, love and perseverance.
To their supportive parents, Mr. Edgar Gurtiza, Mrs. Melinda

Gurtiza, Mr. Ruben L. Garcia and Mrs. Jenny B. Garcia Mr. Josue
Reyes and Mrs. Josefina Reyes, for their indispensable sacrifices, love,
patience,
understanding,
and
unending
support
throughout
the
researchers studies.
To their classmates and friends who have given their support in
administering the research questionnaires.
Their research adviser, Dr. Joseph M. Cristobal, for their advice
and effort in proofreading the drafts as well as their support and
patience in imparting to us their knowledge on this field of expertise;
Their panelists, Dr. Feljone Ragma, Dr. Daniel Paguia, Mr. Jocel
Opea, and Dr. Joseph Cristobal for their guidance, vast knowledge and
thought-provoking suggestions as well as their academic expertise in
making this study more scholarly;
Finally, the participants of the study, for sharing their time,
cooperating and responding to their researchers sincere favor in
answering the questionnaires necessary for this study.
-The Researchers
5
Dedication
This research study is dedicated by the authors
To Almighty God,
To their Parents,
Relatives,
Advisers,
Panelists,
Instructors,
Friends,
Readers,
and
Future researchers.
-Vanessa Yvonne, Jetle Warren and Joselle
RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Title:
COLLEGE STUDENT COUNCIL (CSC) ELECTIONS:

PRACTICES AND INSIGHTS
Authors:
GARCIA, JETLE WARREN B.

GURTIZA, VANESSA YVONNE A.
REYES, JOSELLE J.
Adviser:
JOSEPH M. CRISTOBAL, Ed. D
Institution: Saint Louis College

Location:
City of San Fernando (La Union)
Abstract: This descriptive-survey research assessed the ideal practices

and the level of actual practices in conducting the CSC election along the
pre-election phase, election phase, and post-election phase. Data were
gathered using a questionnaire treated by frequency count, and weighted
mean. Four (4) employees from the Student Affairs Office, three (3)
Departmental Deans, and fifty-six (56) College Student Council Officers
8
were the respondents of the study. The study found out that the ideal
practices in the conduct of CSC election are needed to be practiced and
observed and the level of actual practices in conducting the CSC election
is high. Strengths were found most on the practices or rules. However,
one of the practices in which watchers are not allowed to go and talk with
the voters was identified as weakness on the said actual practices. Based
on the findings, the researchers concluded that all of the ideal practices
in conducting the CSC Election are needed to be observed and the actual
practices in conducting the CSC election are properly followed by the
persons involved in conducting the CSC election which contribute to
have a systematic and fair election. A proposed College Student Council
(CSC) Election Code was crafted by the researchers to enhance the level
of actual practice in conducting the CSC election along the pre-election
phase, election phase, and post-election phase.
Keywords: Election, Officers, Ideal Practices, Actual Practices, PreElection Phase, Election Phase, Post-Election Phase, Needed to be
Observed, Customary Practice, Election Code
9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
INDORSEMENT
APPROVAL SHEET..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..
DEDICATION.
ABSTRACT.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
LIST OF TABLES.
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study.
Theoretical Framework.
Conceptual Framework.
Statement of the Problem.
Assumptions.
Importance of the Study..
Definition of Terms.
II
METHOD AND PROCEDURES
Research Design
Sources of Data..
Locale and Population..
Instrumentation.
.
10
i
ii
iii
iv
vi
viii
ix
xiii
xix
1
5
9
17
18
18
20
23
24
24
25
Validity of the Questionnaire.....

Administration and Retrieval of
26
27
Questionnaire.............................
III
Tools for Data Analysis.

Data Categorization...
27
29
Ethical Consideration...
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
32
Ideal Practices in Conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) Election along
Pre-Election Phase, Election Phase,
and Post-Election Phase.
33
Summary Table on the Ideal Practices in

Conducting
the
College
Student
Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase, Election Phase, and

Post-Election Phase..
93
Level of Actual Practices in Conducting

the College Student Council (CSC)
Election along Pre-Election Phase,
94
Election Phase, and Post-Election

Phase.
Summary Table on the Level of Actual

Practices in Conducting the College
11
146

Strengths and Weaknesses of Level of
Actual Practices in Conducting the
College Student (CSC) Election along
148

Summary Table on the Strengths and
Weaknesses
of
Level
of
Actual
Practices in Conducting the College

177

A Proposed College Student Council (CSC)
Election Code.
180
IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary..
200
Findings.
201
Conclusions.....
202
Recommendations..
202
BIBLIOGRAPHY
205
APPENDICES
A. Sample Letter for the Validation...
211
B. Sample Letter for Respondents.
212
C. Sample Questionnaire..
213
D. Summary of Observations, Comments,
Problems,
Suggestions
Recommendations
on
the
and
Actual
Practices in Conducting the CSC Election

as Perceived by the Respondents.
12
226
E. Sample Computation of the Validity

F. Sample Frequency Distribution Table.
G. Sample Computation on the Ideal Practices in
238
236
Conducting the CSC Election along the

Three
Phase
under
its
Subphases
249
H. Sample Computation on the Summary Table of

the
Level
of
Actual
Practices
in
Conducting the CSC Election along the

Three Phase under its Subphases
CURRICULUM VITAE.
LIST OF TABLES
13
251
250
Tables
1
2
Distribution of Respondents....
Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student
Council (CSC) Election along Pre-Election
Phase
under
Composition
of
Election
Committee...
Phase
under
Functions
of
Election
Committee...
Page
25
34
38

Phase under Elective Positions..
45

Phase under Qualifications of Candidates.
46

Phase under Filing of Candidacy..
49

Phase under Announcement of Qualified
Candidates
51

Phase under Campaign Period...
52

Phase under Campaign Methods..
54
14
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Phase under Miting de Avance...
55

Phase under Date of Election
58

Phase under Student Voters..
59

Phase under Voting Hours..
60

Phase under Manner of Election
61

Phase under Election Assistants...
65

Phase under Voting Procedures (Computerized
Election).
68

Phase under Voting Procedures (Ballot
Election).
15
70
Phase under Validity of Votes.

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Phase under Board of Election Tellers.
Phase under The Watchers.
73
74
77

Phase under Regulations in the Polling Place..
79

Phase under Closing of Polling Stations.
82

Phase under Canvassing of Votes.
83

Phase under Breaking a Tie
87

Phase under Protest or Complaint Period..
88

Phase
under
Certification.
16
91
Phase under Announcement and Publication..

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Summary Table on the Ideal Practices in

Conducting the CSC Election along PreElection Phase, Election Phase, and PostElection Phase.
Level of Actual Practices in Conducting the College
Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Composition of Election
Committee.....
Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Functions of Election
Committee.....
92
94
95
98

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Elective Position..
102

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Qualifications of
Candidates....
103

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection
Phase
under
Filing
of
Candidacy..
Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Announcement of
Qualified Candidates.
17
107
109
Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Campaign Period.....
110
36

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Campaign Methods....
37

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Miting de Avance.....
115

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Date of Election
118

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Student Voters..
119

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Voting Hours....
120

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Manner of Election..
122

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Election Assistants..
124
38
39
40
41
42
43

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Voting Procedures
18
112
(Computerized Election)...
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Voting Procedures
(Ballot Election)...
126
128

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Validity of Votes...
130

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Board of Election Teller.
132

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under The Watchers.
134

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Regulations in the
Polling Place..
Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Closing of Polling
Stations..
Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection
Phase
under
Canvassing
of
Votes...
19
135
137
139
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Breaking a Tie
Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Protest or Complaint
Period..
141
142

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Certification...
144

Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Announcement and
Publication
146
Summary Table on the Level of Actual Practices

Practices in Conducting the CSC Election
along Pre-Election Phase, Election Phase, and
Post-Election Phase..
147
Strengths and Weaknesses on the Level of Actual

Practices in Conducting the College Student
Phase
under
Composition
of
Election
Committee.....
149

Phase
under
Functions
of
Election
Committee.....
151
20
58
59
60
61
62
63
64

Phase under Elective Position....
Phase under Qualifications of Candidates.
Phase under Filing of Candidacy..
Phase under Announcement of Qualified
Candidates...
Phase under Campaign Period..................
Strengths and Weaknesses on Level of Actual
Phase under Campaign Methods.....
Phase under Miting de Avance......
21
152
153
155
156
157
158
159
65
66
67
68
69
70
71

Phase under Date of Election.
Student Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase under Student Voters..
Phase under Voting Hours.....
161
161
162

Phase under Manner of Election...
163

Phase under Election Assistants...
164

Phase under Voting Procedures (Computerized
Election)....
Phase under Voting Procedures (Ballot
Election)....
22
166
72
73
74
75
76
77
78

Phase under Validity of Votes...
Phase under Board of Election Teller
Phase under The Watchers.
Phase under Regulations in the Polling
Place...
Phase
under
Closing
of
Polling
Stations..
Phase
under
Canvassing
of
Votes...
23
166
168
168
170
171
172
173

Phase under Breaking a Tie
79
80
81
82

Phase
under
Protest
or
Complaint
Period..
Phase under Certification....
Phase
under
Announcement
and
Publication
Summary Table on the Strengths and Weaknesses
on Level of Actual Practices Practices in
Conducting the CSC Election along PreElection Phase, Election Phase, and PostElection Phase....
24
174
175
176
177
178
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure
1
The Research Paradigm....
25
Page
16

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COLLEGE STUDENT COUNCIL (CSC) ELECTIONS:

PRACTICES AND INSIGHTS

GARCIA, JETLE WARREN B.

PRACTICES AND INSIGHTS OF SAINT LOUIS COLLEGE (LA UNION),

JOSEPH M. CRISTOBAL, Ed. D

This is to certify that the thesis entitled, COLLEGE STUDENT COUNCIL

VANESSA YVONNE A. and REYES, JOSELLE J., is recommended for

DANIEL B. PAGUIA, Ed.D

FELJONE G. RAGMA, Ed.D

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a Rating of ____ %

DANIEL B. PAGUIA, Ed.D

FELJONE G. RAGMA, Ed.D

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for

AURORA D. CARBONELL, Ed.D.

To their supportive parents, Mr. Edgar Gurtiza, Mrs. Melinda

-Vanessa Yvonne, Jetle Warren and Joselle

COLLEGE STUDENT COUNCIL (CSC) ELECTIONS:

GARCIA, JETLE WARREN B.

JOSEPH M. CRISTOBAL, Ed. D

Institution: Saint Louis College

City of San Fernando (La Union)

Abstract: This descriptive-survey research assessed the ideal practices

Validity of the Questionnaire.....

Tools for Data Analysis.

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College

Summary Table on the Ideal Practices in

Council (CSC) Election along PreElection Phase, Election Phase, and

Level of Actual Practices in Conducting

Election Phase, and Post-Election

Summary Table on the Level of Actual

and Post-Election Phase.

Pre-Election Phase, Election Phase,

Practices in Conducting the College

and Post-Election Phase.

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Practices in Conducting the CSC Election

E. Sample Computation of the Validity

Conducting the CSC Election along the

H. Sample Computation on the Summary Table of

Conducting the CSC Election along the

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Phase under Validity of Votes.

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student

Phase under Announcement and Publication..

Summary Table on the Ideal Practices in