8 Hindu Dhrmo

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW KZK 2013 wkvel _K
Ag kwYi cvVcyZKi~c wbavwiZ
wn`yag I bwZK wkv

Ag kwY
iPbv
cdmi W. cik P` gj
cdmi W. `yjvj Kvw fwgK
wez `vk
W. axi`bv_ Zid`vi
W. wkwki gwjK
wkLv `vm
mv`bv
cdmi wbib AwaKvix
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

69-70, gwZwSj evwYwRK GjvKv, XvKv-1000
KZK cKvwkZ|
[cKvkK KZK me^Z msiwZ]

cixvg~jK msiY
c_g cKvk : mî, 2012
cvVcyK cYqb mg^qK

cxwZkKzgvi miKvi
Miv jvj miKvi
KwDUvi KvR
cvidg Kvjvi Mvwd (cv:) wj:
cQ`
my`kb evQvi
myRvDj Ave`xb
wPvb
Dj Nvl
wWRvBb
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW
miKvi KZK webvg~j weZiYi Rb

gy`Y:
cmM-K_v
wkv RvZxq Rxebi mevZgyLx Dbqbi c~ekZ| Avi `yZ cwieZbkxj weki Pvj gvKvejv Ki
evsjv`kK Dbqb I mgwi w`K wbq hvIqvi Rb cqvRb mywkwZ Rbkw| fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi
PZbvq `k Movi Rb wkv_xi AwbwnZ gav I mvebvi cwic~Y weKvk mvnvh Kiv gvawgK wkvi
AbZg j| GQvov cv_wgK i AwRZ wkvi gwjK vb I `Zv mcmvwiZ I mymsnZ Kivi gvag
DPZi wkvi hvM Ki ZvjvI G ii wkvi Dk| vbvRbi GB cwqvi wfZi w`q wkv_xK
`ki A_bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvswZK I cwiekMZ cUf~wgi cwZ ` I hvM bvMwiK Ki ZvjvI
gvawgK wkvi AbZg weeP welq|
RvZxq wkvbxwZ-2010 Gi j I DkK mvgb iL cwigvwRZ nqQ gvawgK ii wkvg|
cwigvwRZ GB wkvg RvZxq Av`k, j, Dk I mgKvjxb Pvwn`vi cwZdjb NUvbv nqQ, mB mv_
wkv_xì eqm, gav I MnY gZv Abyhvqx wkLbdj wbaviY Kiv nqQ| GQvov wkv_xi bwZK I gvbweK
g~jeva _K iy Ki BwZnvm I HwZn PZbv, gnvb gywhyi PZbv, wk-mvwnZ-mswZeva,
`kcgeva, cKwZ-PZbv Ges ag-eY-Mv I bvix-cyiyl wbwekl mevi cwZ mgghv`veva RvMZ Kivi Pv
Kiv nqQ| GKwU wevbgb RvwZ MVbi Rb Rxebi cwZwU wevbi ^Zt~Z cqvM I wWwRUvj
evsjv`ki icK-2021 Gi j evevqb wkv_xì mg Ki Zvjvi Pv Kiv nqQ|
bZzb GB wkvgi AvjvK cYxZ nqQ gvawgK ii cvq mKj cvVcyK| D cvVcyK cYqb
wkv_xì mvg_, ceYZv I c~e AwfZvK iyZi m weePbv Kiv nqQ| cvVcyKjvi welq
wbevPb I Dcvcbi wkv_xi mRbkxj cwZfvi weKvk mvabi w`K weklfve iyZ Ìqv nqQ|
cwZwU Aavqi iyZ wkLbdj hy Ki wkv_xi AwRZe vbi BwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ Ges wewP KvR,
mRbkxj ck I Abvb ck mshvRb Ki g~jvqbK mRbkxj Kiv nqQ|
RvZxq wkvbxwZ-2010 Gi AvjvK gvawgK ii l _K Ag kwYi wn`yag wkv cvVcyKwUi
bvgKiY Kiv nqQ wn`yag I bwZK wkv| G cvVcyKi cwZwU Aavq agi ZvwK welqmg~n mijfve
Dcvcbi cvkvcvwk agxq aviYvi RxebvPiYgyLx wkv Ges Gi cvqvwMK w`K AvjvwPZ nqQ| dj G
cvVcyKwU Aaqbi gvag wkv_xiv Dcjw KiZ cvie, agi ZvwK vb aygv agvjvc Ges Abyvb
AvjvPbvi ga mxgve bq GwU bwZK Pwi MVb Ges mgvRi GKRb bwZK I gvbweK Ymb
fvjvgvbyl Mo Zvjvi c_ wb`kKI|
GKwesk kZKi AxKvi I cZqK mvgb iL cwigvwRZ wkvgi AvjvK cvVcyKwU iwPZ nqQ|
KvRB cvVcyKwUi AviI mgwmvabi Rb h Kvbv MVbg~jK I hywmZ civgk iyZi m weewPZ
ne| cvVcyK cYqbi wecyj Kghi ga AwZ ^ mgqi ga cyKwU iwPZ nqQ| dj wKQy fyjywU
_K hZ cvi| cieZx msiYjvZ cvVcyKwUK AviI myì, kvfb I ywUgy Kivi Pv AevnZ
_vKe| evbvbi AbymZ nqQ evsjv GKvWgx KZK cYxZ evbvbixwZ|
cvVcyKwU iPbv, mv`bv, wPvb, bgybv ckvw` cYqb I cKvkbvi KvR hviv AvwiKfve gav I kg
w`qQb Zuvì abev` vcb KiwQ| cvVcyKwU wkv_xì Avbw`Z cvV I cZvwkZ `Zv ARb wbwZ
Kie ej Avkv Kwi|
cdmi gvt gvdv KvgvjDwb
Pqvigvb
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv
m~wPc
Aavq
Aavqi wkivbvg
cv
c_g
Ckii î~c
1-9
wZxq
agM
10-22
ZZxq
wn`yagi î~c I wekvm
23-34
PZz_
wbZKg I hvMvmb
35-44
cg
è-èx I c~Rv cveY
45-55
agxq DcvLvb bwZK wkv
56-66
mg
Av`k RxebPwiZ
67-87
Ag
wn`yag I bwZK g~jeva
88-100
Ckii îc
c_g Aavq
Ckii îc
KZ wewP Avgvì cKwZ I cwiek! Dci Ab AvKvk, wbP RxeKyj, b`-b`x, cvnvo-ceZ| Avgvì
cw_ex Adzi cvKwZK m` Ges cvKwZK ewP ficyi| hgb FZzPi AveZb, w`b-ivwi cvjve`j,
MnvYycyi Avcb Kc_ wbqgZvwKfve AvewZZ nIqv cfwZ| Ab AvKvk P`, m~hmn AmsL Mn,
DcMn I b iqQ| GmKj Mn, b I DcMnmg~n wbw` MwZc_ NyiQ| msNvZi mw nQ bv|
mewKQyB GKwU Mfxi HK I kLjvi gvag PjQ| G mewKQyi KviY Cki Ges mewKQyi wZwbB wbqK|
Ab_vq G-gnweki mewKQy h_vwbqg AvewZZ nZv bv |
Cki GK I AwZxq| wZwb wbivKvi, kvkZ ev wbZ, Awebki|
G-wek hv wKQy NU Zvi GKwU KviY AvQ| G-KviYiI KviY AvQ| G-gnvwek mwi KviY Abymvb
Kij AbK KviY LyuR cvIqv hve| mwi c_g KviYK hw` cavb m~PbvKvix wnme AvLv Ìqv hvq, Ze
`Lv hve wZwbB Cki, wZwbB mwi c_g KviY|
Cki hLb wbivKvi, ZLb wZwb e| Avevi wZwbB fMevb Ges Rxei ga AvZvic wZwbB Aevb Kib|
vbx, hvMx I f wbR wbR `wKvY _K Ckii îc Dcjw I evLv Kib| wPikvw ev gvjvfi
Rb f Ckii KvQ wZ Kib Ges Zuvi KvQ cv_bv Rvbvb| wn`y agMmg~n AbK g I kvK
iqQ| G-Aavq DwjwLZ welqmg~n msc AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
G-Aavq-kl Avgiv
Cki GK I AwZxq G-aviYvwU evLv KiZ cvie
e, Cki, fMevb I RxevZv G-aviYvmg~ni evLv KiZ cvie
vbx, hvMx I fi `wZ Ckii îc evLv KiZ cvie
Ckii AvZvic Aevb I îc evLv KiZ cvie
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
agM _K Ckii Dk GKwU cv_bvg~jK msZ kvK I GKwU evsjv KweZv A_mn evLv
KiZ cvie
Ckii îc Dcjwi gvag Ckii cwZ fw I wekvm vcb KiZ cvie|
cvV 1 : Cki GK I AwZxq

Cki G-wek mw KiQb| wZwbB wekevi mKjwKQyi wbqK|
è-èxiv ZuviB Y ev kwi cwZf| wZwb GK I AwZxq|
kZvkZi Dcwbl` Ckii GKZ mK ejv nqQ
GKv èt mef~Zly M~pt
meevcx mef~ZvivZv|
Kgvat mef~Zvwaevmt
^vx PZv Kejv wbMyYv \
mijv_ : èvw`è Cki wekev Ges Rxei ga cQbic Aevb KiQb| wZwbB meevcx| mKj
Rxei AvZv, mKj KvRi KZv Ges mKj Rxei Avevmj| wZwb mKj wKQz `Lb, mKj RxeK PZbv
`vb Kib| wZwb wbivKvi e|
Cki wekevK GK kLjvi gvag cwiPvwjZ KiQb| Mn-DcMn I bmg~n G-gnvKvk wbw` MwZc_
AvewZZ nQ| Rxe I Roe mewKQyB GKwU kLjvi ga AvewZZ nQ| Rxe Rbjvf KiQ, Avqykl gZzi
ga w`q `nZvM KiQ| wn`yagvbymvi `ni asm AvQ, wKy RxevZvi asm bB|
cw_exi wewfb Rxei ewPi gvS GKwU kLjv weivR KiQ| GKRb K`xq wbqK bv _vKj Ggnvweki mKj wKQy kLjvi ga cwiPvwjZ nZv bv|
avbaviYv I gvbyli AwfZv nZ Ckii AwZ cgvY Kiv hvq| c~YZvjvfi A_B vbvRb, kwi mq|
avwgKZv I mZZv Ckii AwZi cwZ wekvm Avbqb Ki, hvi gvag bwZK wPveva weKwkZ nq|
Dcwbl` DjL AvQ h, m~h ZuvK cKvk KiZ cvi bv, P`, ZviKv, we`yr, AwMI ZuvK cKvk KiZ cvi
bv, me wZwbB cKvwkZ AvQb Ges mKj wKQyB wZwb cKvk Kib| Dcwbl` AviI ejv nqQ, cvYx I
AcvYx h-Kvbv welq ev c`v_ h-vb _K Rbjvf Ki, gZz ev asmi gvag Avevi huvi KvQ wdi
Avm, wZwbB e ev Cki|
bvqkv Abymvi fvjv KvRi dj f Ges g` KvRi dj Akyf| Cki me| wZwb mewKQz Rvbb| ZvB
wZwb cyYvZvK myLx Kib, AcivaxìK kvw `b Ges A`kfve mewKQy wbqY Kib| wZwb mewKQyi
GKgv wbqK|
Ckii îc
GKK KvR : Ckii GKZ mK kZvkZi Dcwblì

vwU Avew Ki|
bZzb k : kvkZ, Awebki, wekev|
cvV 2 : e, Cki, fMevb I RxevZv

Ckii wewfb bvg iqQ Ges Avgiv ZuvK wewfb bvg WvwK|
hgb e (cigvZv), Cki I fMevb| Fwliv CkiK e
cigvZv, Cki, fMevb I AvZv (RxevZv) - ic Dcjw KiQb
Ges Zuvi îc evLv KiQb| Avgiv Fwlì eYbvbymvi e,
Cki, fMevb I RxevZvi cwiPq Rvbe|
e
wn`yag Abymvi wekev eiB mw| e me, mekwgvb mKj Rxe I ei mv| G wekev hv
wKQy NUQ meB Zuvi KviY| wbivKvi eK evSvevi Rb Fwliv Iu G cZxKx k eenvi KiQb| e
ki A_ nQ enr| envr eenr ejB bvg Zuvi e Ges G-e wbivKvi| Avevi eK ejv nqQ,
wZwb mZ| A_vr mZB e| Kvbv Kvbv Fwl Avevi ejQb, e Avb`îc| Avgvì Avb` eiB
Avb`| GB eKB Avevi ejv nq cigvZv|
Cki
Cki ki A_ cfy| A_vr mKj Rxei mKj KvRi cfzZKvix| e hLb Rxei Dci cfzZ Kib Ges
RxeKzj mKj KvR cwiPvjbv I wbqY Kib ZLb ZuvK Cki ejv nq| wbivKvi Cki Zuvi wbRi BQv
Abymvi, wbRi Avbì Rb wbRKB bvbvic icvwqZ Kib|
CkiB AeZvi| wZwb hLb `yi `gb Kib Ges bvq-bxwZ I kLjv cwZvi Rb cw_exZ bg Avmb,
ZLb ZuvK AeZvi ej| hgb grm, K~g, eivn, evgb, ivg cfwZ|
Avevi Ckii Kvbv Y ev kw hLb AvKvi cvq, ZLb ZuvK èZv ev è-èx ej| hgbkwi èx
`yMv, we`vi èx mi^Zx BZvw`|
GK_v mZ h, Cki e bq| AeZvi ev è-èx CkiiB wewfb ic| meB GK Ckii jxjv|
fMevb
CkiK Avgiv mekwgvb wnme kv I fw Kwi| mekwgvb ev mewKQzi wbqK ej Avgiv ZuvK mgxn
Kwi Ges fvjvevwm| ZvuK wNi Avgvì ga wewfb aibi fvjvevmvi Rvj mw Kwi| fvjvevmvi Aci bvg
gvqv ev ggZv ; GB gvqvi Rvj mKj Rxe Ave| Ze Avgvì KvbvwKQzi Afve NUj ev iyZi mgmvi
myLxb nj Cki Avgvì KvQ Gm DcwZ nb| Avgiv ZvuK `LZ cvB bv, Dcjw KiZ cvwi Ges fw
Kwi| fi wbKU Cki fMevbic Avwef~Z nq _vKb| fi KvQ fMevb mvKvi, Avb`gq I mekwgvb|
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
fM kwUi gvb nQ Hkh| GLvb fM ejZ Ckii QqwU Yi K_v ejv nqQ| G-Yjv njv
Hkh, exh, hk, kx, vb I eivM| GB QqwU fM ev Hkh AvQ ej CkiK fMevb ejv nq| fMevb fi
WvK mvov `b I jxjv Kib| myZivs, Cki hLb fì Kcv Kib, Zvì `ytL `~i Ki Zvì gj Kib
ZLb ZuvK fMevb ejv nq|
AvZv ev RxevZv
Cki ev ei AviK bvg cigvZv| G-cigvZv Rxei ga Aevb Kib ejB Rxei PZbvkw AvQ|
GB PZbvB RxevZv ev cigvZv| G-RxevZv ev cigvZvi asm bB| Kej `ni asm nq| Avi `ni G
asmKB ejv nq gZz|
wekKwe iex`bv_ VvKzi Rxei ga AvZvic wbivKvi e ev cigvZvi wqvkxj _vKvi welqwU PgrKvifve
Zuvi GKwU KweZvq cKvk KiQb :
mxgvi gvS Amxg Zzwg

evRvI Avcb myi,
Avgvi gvS Zvgvi cKvk
ZvB GZ gayi|
Rxei `ni mxgvi ga AvZvic cigvZv weivR Kib| ZvB Rxei ga Cki wqvkxj ejB Rxeb GZ
myì, GZ gayi|
myZivs eB Cki, fMevb Ges RxevZv| Cki GK Ges AwZxq|
`jxq KvR : Ckii wewfb ic mK wjL GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|
bZzb k : K~g, fM, eivM, me|
Ckii îc
cvV 3 : vbx, hvMx I fi `wZ Cki

vbx, hvMx Ges f CkiK wbR wbR `wKvY _K Dcjw KiQb Ges eYbv KiQb| vbx vbi
`wZ, hvMx hvMmvavbvi ga w`q Ges f fwi ga w`q Ckii îc Dcjw KiQb|
CkiK whwb vbi ga w`q Dcjwi Pv KiQb wZwbB vbx| agcvjb I Ckii mvwbajvfi Rb
MxZvq wewfb c_i K_v ejv nqQ| Ckijvfi GmKj c_K hvMmvabv ejv nq Ges huviv wbRì ga
AvZvi Dcvmbv Kib Ges hvMmvabvi mv_ m nb ZuvìK hvMxic AvLvwqZ Kiv nq| Avevi huviv
fwi ga w`q Ckii îc Dcjw Kib Zuviv njb f| GLb vbx, hvMx I fi `wZ Ckii h îc eYbv Kiv nqQ, msc Zvi AvjvPbv Kiv njv|
vbxi `wZ Cki
huviv mKj welqevmbv cwiZvM Ki Kej meevcx I wbivKvi eK Dcvmbv Kib Ges AvZvZB m
_vKb Zuvì vbx ejv nq| vbxì KvQ Cki e whwb G-gnvwek mw KiQb| vbx ewiv gvbyli
Rb, Rxei Rb Ges Ckii fvjvevmv jvfi Rb KvR Kib| vb A_ Rvbv, hvM A_ hy nIqv| vbx
ki A_ ùvovq Kvbv welq mK Rvbvi mv_ hy nIqv|
vb `yB cKviwe`v I Awe`v| we`v I Awe`v Avevi civ I Aciv wnmeI cwiwPZ| we`vZ e m^
vb jvf Kiv nq, AvZvvb ew cvq hv _K mef~Z Ckii DcwwZ Dcjw, RvMwZK welq eivM D`q
Ges gywi c_ ck nq| Awe`vq RvMwZK wewfb welq vbjvf nq, wKy AvZvvb jvf nq bv Ges e
welq wKQz Rvbv hvq bv| Ze agkv Abymvi vbx ejZ AvZv I e m^ vbx ewì evSvbv nq|
hvMxi `wZ Cki
huviv GKvMZv mnKvi gbi Aj _K Ckii Abymvb Kib, mKj
Kvgbv-evmbv `~i Ki w`Z Pv Kib ZuvìK hvMx ejv nq| Guì
KvQ CkiK jvf Kiv gyL KvR |
hvMxì `wZ Cki cigvZv | GB cigvZvB RxevZvic Rxei ga
Aevb Kib| ZvB hvMxi KvQ RxeI Cki| gnvhvMx I vbx ^vgx
weeKvb` G-gnvweki mKj wKQyB eic Ckii cKvk ej AwfwnZ
KiQb Ges wZwb Cki mK Zuvi Agi evYx cPvi KiQb Rxe
cg Ki hB Rb mBRb mweQ Cki| A_vr Rxei mev KijB
Ckii mev Kiv nq|
fi `wZ Cki
huviv msmvii welq I elwqK Kgi ga _K mekwgvb fMevbi Dcvmbv Kib, Zuvì f ejv nq|
fiv meRxe Ckii AwZ Dcjw Kib Ges mfveB Rxemevi ga w`q Ckii mev Ki _vKb|
fi wbKU Cki fMevb| wZwb mvKvi| wZwb imgq, Avb`gq I Ygq|
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
KLbI KLbI fMevb fi mev Kib| fi evSv enb Kib| fI fMevbi KvQ wbRK mgcY
Kib| wbRi mKj KvRK fMevbi KvR ej mv`b Kib| fMevbi cwZ fi gb wbweo I Mfxi
fvjvevmv weivR Ki| ay Zv-B bq, Zuvi mwKI hb Mfxifve fvjvevmZ cvi mRb f Zuvi wbKU
wewfb mgq cv_bv Kib|
bZyb k : mgcY, AvZvvb, welqevmbv, imgq, gnvhvMx|
cvV 4 : cv_bvg~jK g I evsjv KweZv

K. cv_bvg~jK g
`Z `sn gv wgm Pzmv
mevwY f~Zvwb mgxvg&
wgmvns Pzlv mevwY f~Zvwb mgx|
wgm Pzlv mgxvgn \
(kyK hRye`, 36|18)
mijv_ : n Cki, Avgvì Ggb `p Ki hb mKj cvYx Avgvì ezi PvL `L| AvwgI hb Zvì ezi
PvL `wL| Avgiv mKjB hb ciiK ezi PvL `wL|
evLv :
K hRyeì G-g Ckii KvQ cv_bv Kiv nQ, Cki hb Avgvì vb, kwZ Ggb `p Kib, hb
mKj cvYx Avgvì m ezi gZv AvPiY Ki| AvgivI hb mKji m ezi gZv AvPiY Kwi|
Ckii îc
KvDK hb wnsmv bv Kwi| Gfve Avgiv mKjB hb mKji m ezZc~Y AvPiY Kwi| Zvi dj Rxeb
ne kvwgq| ezZi ga w`q kvwc~Y mgvR cwZwZ nvKG-cv_bv gwUi ga w`q mB cZvkv e
Kiv nqQ|
L. cv_bvg~jK evsjv KweZv
Ai gg weKwkZ Kiv AiZi n
wbgj Kiv, Dj Kiv, myì Kiv n \
RvMZ Kiv , D`Z Kiv, wbfq Kiv n|
gj Kiv, wbijm wbtmskq Kiv n \
hy Kiv n mevi m, gy Kiv n e|
mvi Kiv mKj Kg kv Zvgvi Q`|
PiYc` gg wP, wbw`Z Kiv n|
bw`Z Kiv, bw`Z Kiv, bw`Z Kiv n||
(MxZweZvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi)
evLv : Ckii KvQ cwe, D`vi I myì gb Ges mPZbZv, mwqZv I wbfxKZv cv_bv Kiv nqQ| Cki
hb Avgvì HKe Kib Ges Ckii mwZ hgb kLjv iqQ, Avgvì mKj KvR hb _vK mB
kLjv| Avgiv hb wbfq I wbtmskq mKj KvR KiZ cvwi Ges mKji Z_v weki mKj cvYxi gjmvab
KiZ cvwi| mKj evavweN wQb Ki Avgiv mKj gj I myì KvRi gvag Ckii mv_ wgwjZ nZ cvwi|
mekl Ckii KvQ cv_bv Kiv nqQ, hb Ckii cwZ Avgvì cMvp fw _vK| Cki hb Avgvì
gj Kib Ges Avb` ivLb|
UxKv
hRye` : wn`yagi GKwU gwjK M| GZI FM&&eì gZv èZvì Dk wZ I cv_bvg~jK g
iqQ| hRyeì `ywU AskkyK I K| hRyeì cavb eYbvi welq h I hcYvjx|
kZvkZi Dcwbl` : evivwU cavb Dcwblì ga kZvkZi Dcwbl` AbZg| G-Abyl` Avgiv Kv_v _K
RbwQ, Kxfve RxebaviY KiwQ Ges cjqi ci Kv_vq _vKe GmKj welq AvjvPbv iqQ| G-Dcwbl`
ei î~cI evLv Kiv nqQ|
GKK KvR : iex`bv_ VvKzii cv_bvg~jK KweZvwUi cfve mK jL|
bZzb k : wbtmskq, wbw`Z, mvi, mwqZv, wbfxKZv|
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
Abykxjbx
k~bvb c~iY Ki :
1. G wekmwi c_g KviY ..................|
2. bvqkv Abymvi fvjv KvRi djvdj ................|
3. Cki ki A_ ....................|
4. fi wbKU Cki .....................|
5. vbxi KvQ ...................... jvf Kiv gyL KvR|
wgjKiY : Wvb cvk _K k ev evKvsk wbq evg cvki mv_ wgj Ki :

evg cvk
Wvb cvk
1. Cki hLb wbivKvi
wZwb ^qy
2. e me
eiB Avb`
3. ei Kvbv mwKZv bB
mekwgvb mKj Rxe I ei mv
4. Avgvì Avb`
eviB mw
ZLb wZwb ev
wbPi ckjvi msc Di `vI :

1. CkiK GK I AwZxq ejv nqQ Kb ?
2. Avgiv Ckii wbKU cv_bv Kwi Kb ?
3. cigvZv ejZ Kx evSvq ?
4. Cki KLb e wnme cwiwPwZ jvf Kib ?
wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :

1. CkiK fMevb ejvi KviY evLv Ki|
2. Ckii AvZvi~c Aevb I î~c evLv Ki|
3. fi `wZ Ckii aviYv evLv Ki|
4. cvV DwjwLZ iex`bv_ VvKzii evsjv cv_bvwU jL Ges Gi A_ evLv Ki|
Ckii îc
ewbevPwb ck :
1. hvMxi KvQ Cki
K. e
M. cigvZv
L. fMevb
N. cigki
2. mKj Rxei ga PZbeva RvMZ Kib K ?

K. Cki
M. e
L. fMevb
N. cigki
wbPi AbyQ`wU co 3 I 4 bî cki Di `vI :

mRj Zvi ezì KvQ ejQ m Avi Kvbv cvcKvR Kie bv| m Pvq cw_exZ hgb Zvi Rb
nqwQj wbvcfve wVK Zgwb evwK RxebUv cyYvRb KiB gZzeiY KiZ|
3. mRji ga Kvb Mi vb KvR KiQ ?
K. hRye`
M. kZvkZi
L. A_ee`
N. KVvcwbl`
4. mRji D KvRi gyL Dk

i.
cvijwKK myL
ii. BnjwKK myL

iii. RvMwZK myL
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. i I ii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
mRbkxj ck :
KweZv I mweZv `yB evb| KweZv CkiK Rvbvi Rb cPzi covkvbv Ki| msmvii Kvbv KvRi cwZ
Zvi gbvhvM bB| Zvi wPv ay CkiK wbq| Abw`K mweZv covkvbv Ki Rxeb cwZv jvf
KiZ Pvq| m wewfb agM Aaqbi cvkvcvwk c~Rv-cveYI Ki, hvZ mevBK wbq myL kvwZ
Rxebhvcb KiZ cvi|
1. hRyeì KqwU Ask ?
2. ^vgx weeKvbì Cki-mwKZ evYxwU evLv Ki|
3. mweZv Kvb we`v Aaqb KiQ? Zvgvi cwVZ vbxi `wZ Cki-Gi AvjvK evLv Ki|
4. kv Abyhvqx mweZvK vbx ejv hvq wK? Zvgvi cvVi AvjvK hyw c`kb Ki|
wZxq Aavq
agM
h-M ag I KjvYgq Rxebi K_v DjL _vK ZvK agM ej| e`, Dcwbl`, ivgvqY, gnvfviZ,
cyivY, kxg`&fMe`&MxZv, kxkxPx cfwZ Avgvì DjLhvM agM| e` Avgvì Avw` I cavb agM|
e` wPib I kvkZ| e` gvb vb| cvPxb Fwlì avb cvIqv cwe vb| G-vb nQ RMr-Rxeb I
Zvi Drm cigcyiyl, e ev Cki mK vb| e`K K` Ki iwPZ agwfwK wekvj mvwnZK ejv nq
ew`K mvwnZ| Avi gnvfviZi Askwekl kxg`&fMe`&MxZv msc MxZv wnme c_K Mi ghv`v
cqQ| MxZvq KgK h ejv nqQ| GLvb iqQ Kg, vb I fwi Ac~e mg^q Ges eve Rxeb
Pjvi cqvRbxq bwZK wkv I Dc`k|
G-Aavq ew`K mvwnZi msw cwiwPwZ, PZzeì welqe I agvPiY Zvi cfve Ges kxg`&fMe`&MxZvq
ewYZ PZzeY, KZecvjb, mvg, Pwi MVb gvbweK Yvewj Ges fw mK AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
G-Aavqkl Avgiv
ew`K mvwnZi msw cwiPq w`Z cvie
PZzeì welqe eYbv KiZ I agvPiY Zvi cfve weklY KiZ cvie
kxg`&fMe`&MxZv Abymvi PZyeY, KZecvjb, mvg, PwiMVb gvbweK Yvewj I fwi aviYv evLv
KiZ cvie
Rxeb I agvPiY e` I kxg`&fMe`&MxZvi wkvi cwZdjb NUvZ cvie|
agM
11
cvV 1 : ew`K mvwnZi cwiwPwZ

e` Avgvì Avw` agM| e` gvb vb| vb ARbi Rb cMvp Pv ev mvabvi cqvRb| vb ARb
KiZ nj wbgM nZ nq Mfxi mvabvq| Mfxi mvabvq wbgM nIqvK ejv nq avb| hvuiv mZ ev vb Ges
mw I mvi gvnvZ `kb ev Dcjw KiZ cviZb, ZvuìK ejv nZv Fwl| e` GB Fwlì avb cvIqv
cwe vb| G nQ RMr I Rxeb mK Ges RMr I Rxebi Drm cigcyiyl, e ev Cki mK vb|
Avgvì Rxeb, Rxebi Drm, cigcyiyl, e ev Cki cfwZ mK Mmg~ni ga e` ev mswnZv, evY,
AviYK, Dcwbl` I e`v AbZg| G-Mmg~n wfb aibi njI agxq bvbv w`K _K cviwiKfve
mwKZ| GfveB e`K K` Ki agwfwK GK wekvj mvwnZ Mo DVQ| Avi G-agwfwK wekvj
mvwnZK ejv nqQ ew`K mvwnZ|
ew`K mvwnZi Ask wnme h-welqjv GLvb DjL Kiv nqQ mjvi msw cwiwPwZ Zzj aiv njv:
PZze`
eì GK bvg mswnZv| mswnZv gvb msMn ev msKjb| mgM e` A_vr G mswnZvjvK Pvi fvM wef
Kiv nqQ, h_v - 1. FM` mswnZv 2. hRye` mswnZv 3. mvge` mswnZv Ges 4. A_ee` mswnZv| Avi G
mswnZvjvK GK ejv nq PZze`|
veY
eì `ywU Ask | g I evY | eì h-Ask gi evLv Ges wewfb h Zvì cqvM ev eenvii
K_v AvjvwPZ nqQ ZvK evY ejv nq| evYjv M` iwPZ|
evYi welqei ga iqQ wewa A_vr wekl wekl Kg Abyvbi wb`k, e`gi A_ cm
cqvRbxq evLv, weivax gZi mgvjvPbv cfwZ|
12
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
AviYK
AviYK Ges Dcwbl` evYi Ask| evY eì KgKv AvjvwPZ Avi AviYK Ges Dcwbl` vbKv weaZ|
hv AiY iwPZ ZvK AviYK ej | GLvb AiY ejZ wbRbZvK evSvbv nqQ| AviYKi welq
ag`kb| Kvi Dk h, mwi Drm Kx BZvw` AvavwZK welq AvjvwPZ nqQ| Mfxi vbK AiY ev
Mfxi ebi mv_ Zzjbv Kiv nqQ| A_vr Mfxi AvavwZK vbi welq hvZ ewYZ AvQ Zv-B AviYK|
hgb- HZiq AviYK, en`viYK cfwZ DjLhvM AviYK|
Dcwbl`
AviYK h-AavZwe`vi m~Pbv, Dcwbl` Zv AviI DPZv I MfxiZv jvf KiQ| Dc wb+m`& + wKc&=
Dcwbl`|
GLvb Dc A_ mgxc ev wbKU, wb A_ wbq, m` avZzi A_ Aevb, cvw ev wkw_jxKiY| A_vr iyi
wbKU em h-vb ARb Kiv nq ZvK Dcwbl` ej| wKy G-K_vq Dcwblì welqe nq bv|
Rxei g~jxf~Z mv nQ Zvi AvZv| GB AvZv cigvZv ev eiB Ask| myZivs Rxe e Qvov Avi wKQzB bq|
GB e wbivKvi| wKy Rxei AvZvic Rxei ga Zvui Aevb| wZwbB mewKQzi g~j| GB evb
Dcwblì welqey|
kZvwaK Dcwbl` iqQ| Gjvi ga 12 Lvbv Dcwbl` cvPxb Dcwbl` ej LvZ| evwKjv cieZxKvji|
gnvfviZi AMZ nqI c_K M wnme ghv`vcv kxg`&fMe`&MxZvK Dcwblì mvi ejv nqQ|
HZiq, KV, Kb, Qv`vM cfwZ DjLhvM Dcwbl`|
GKK KvR : QK c` cZK
cKvi M mK `ywU evK wjL
Nijv c~iY Ki|
PZze`
evY
AviYK
Dcwbl`
agM
13
e`v
e` cvVi mnvqK wnme AviI KqK iKgi iPbv iqQ| e`cvVi A ej GjvK ejv nq e`v|
e`v e`cvVi mnvqK kv| e`vi vb bv _vKj e` Aaqb m~Y nq bv| e`vwj m~vKvi
iwPZ| e`v Qq cKvi| h_v- wkv, K, evKiY, wbiy, Q` I RvwZl|
1.
wkv wkv kwU GLvb mvgwMKfve we`vRb ev vbvRb A_ eeZ nqwb| wkv ejZ
evSvbv nqQ awbZ, wekl Ki DPviYZ wbfzjfve ew`K k DPviYi cwZ|
2. K hvw` hvi viv KwZ I mgw_Z nq ZvK K ejv nq| K nQ wbfzjfve ew`K hvMh
I wqvKv Abyvbi cwZ|
3. evKiY evKiY fvlvK weklY Ki m~vwqZ Kiv nq Ges ki eyrcw wbYq Kiv nq| fvlv
eenvii mgq Zvi A_wi Rb evKiY cvV Kiv cqvRb| m-KviY evKiYI GKwU e`v|
4. wbiy wbiy bvgK e`v e` eeZ kvewji Drcw, A_ I A_v cfwZi AvjvPbv Kiv
nqQ|
5. Q` lo e`vi AbZg A nQ Q`| eì hmKj g Qè mjvi A_eva Ges
h_vh_ Avewi Rb Qì vb Acwinvh|
6. RvwZl ew`K hyM wekl wekl wZw_b wekl wekl ew`K h Kivi eev wQj| h
djwmwi Rb RvwZli AvekK|
GKK KvR : e`vi QqwU Ai cZKwU mK GKwU Ki evK jL|
bZzb k : PZze`, K, wbiy, A_v, Q`, lo, RvwZl, evY, AviYK, Dcwbl`, HZiq, KV, Kb,
Qv`vM, cMvp, wbgM, mswnZv, wbiy|
cvV 2 : PZzeì welqe

e` Ckii evYx| Fwl gby ejQb e`t AwLjagg~jg& A_vr e` nQ mKj agi g~j| GLvb mZ I
vbi bvbv welqi eYbv iqQ| G-mZ ev vb A`w w`q Dcjw KiZ nq| e` wewfbfve Cki I
èZvì wZ ev cksmv Kiv nqQ| Ckiii wewfb kwK èZv ej| AwM, ew, evqy, Elv, ivw cfwZ
cvKwZK kwi ga Ckii Amxg gZv Dcjw Ki ew`K FwlMY Zvuì cksmv KiQb| Zvuì wZ I
e`bv Fwlì K _K KweZvi AvKvi evYxic cqQ| Mfxi avb GB evYx ev KweZv Ckii Acvi
AbyMn avbj FwlMY Ckii KvQ _K cqQb| ZvB Fwliv ejQb, Zvuiv e` `kb KiQb| GRb
e`K ejv nqQ Aciylq| A_vr e` Kvbv cyiyl ev ewi viv m bq, Zv avb `|
eì m èZvì cm hy| eì welqK ejv nq èZv| wewfb e wZi gvag FwlMY èZvi
gvnvZ Zzj aiQb| ew`KhyM Dcvmbvi cwZ wQj h ev nvgwfwK| ZLbI g~wZ ev weMn cwZv Ki
14
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
Dcvmbv Kivi cwZ cPwjZ nqwb| FwlMY èZvì kw iY Ki gi gvag Dcvmbv KiZb Ges AwM
cRwjZ Ki èZvK Avnvb KiZb|
FwlMY ew`K èZvì wZbwU kwYZ web KiQb|
h_v 1. ^Mi èZv
2. AwijvKi èZv
3. cw_exi ev gZjvKi èZv|
ew`K èZv
^Mi èZv
AwijvKi
èZv
gZjvKi
èZv
^Mi èZv : ^Mi èZvì gZvB ay evSv hvq| G-kwYi èZviv gZ ev cw_exZ Avmb bv| Zuviv
AbK `~i Aevb Kib| Ggb èZv njb wez, m~h, eiyY cfwZ|
AwijvKi èZv : AwijvKi èZvMY ^M I gZjvKi gvSLvb Aevb Ki bv| Zuviv gZ
Avmb, wKy _vKb bv| Gic èZv njb B`, evqy cgyL|
gZjvKi èZv : gZi èZvì `Lv hvq| Zuviv cw_exZ AevbI Kib| Ggb èZv njb AwM|
AwMK gZ cvIqv hvq ej ZvuK c~Rv Kiv nq Ges Zvui gvag Ab èZvì gZ Avnvb Ki Avbv nq|
Avb Rvwjq eì evK DPviY Ki èZvK Avnvb Rvbvbv Ges cv_bv KivK ejv nq h| hi mgq
DPvwiZ eì GB evKK ejv nq g| G Qvov iqQ Mvb| eì evK myi Avivc Ki hi mgq Mvb
MvIqv nZv| GB MvbK ejv nq mvg| mvg gvb Mvb| Rxebi Abvb i wewfb cKvi K_vI e` DjL
AvQ|
`jxq KvR : ^M, gZ I Awii è-èxi GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|
c_g e` Awef AvKviB wQj| cieZxKvj gnwl Kcvqb eèvm e`K wef Kib| wZwb e`K
Pvi fvM fvM Kib| GjvK mswnZv ejv nq| mswnZv gvb msMn ev msKjb| G-mswnZvjv nQ
1. FM&e` mswnZv 2. hRye` mswnZv 3. mvge` mswnZv Ges 4. A_ee` mswnZv| mswnZvjvi
welqemn msw cwiPq Ìqv njv
FM&e` mswnZv
FK& ki A_ wZ| FK&jvK gI ejv nq| GB FK& ev gjv nQ wZb ev Pvi cOwi QvU QvU
KweZv| GKmgq KweZvi gZv FM&eì GB gjv Avew Kiv nZv| mg FM&e` GiKg 10,472wU
agM
15
FK& ev g iqQ| KqKwU gi mg^q MVb Kiv nqQ GK-GKwU m~| mg FM&e`K `kwU gj
wef Kiv nqQ| cwZwU gj KqKwU m~ Ges cwZwU m~ KqKwU FK& iqQ| FM&e` gvU 1,028wU
m~ iqQ| m~jvZ èZvì wZ Kiv nqQ Ges Zvuì KvQ myL I kvwi Rb cv_bv Rvbvbv
nqQ| D`vniYîc ejv hvq, B` nQb ew I wkwkii èZv| Bì cksmv Ki GKwU FK ejv
nqQ
B`s eqs gnvab
B`gf nevgn
hyRs ely ewRYg& \
(FM&e`-1g gj, 7g m~, 5g FK&)
B` Avgvì mnvq| kì KvQ eRavix| Avgiv AbK mì Rb wKsev A mì RbI B`K
Avnvb Kwi|
GB gi èZv B`| B`K wbRì mnvq Ges kyì KvQ kvw`vbKvix eR bvgK Aavix ej wZ
Kiv nqQ Ges Zvui KvQ abm` cv_bv Kiv nqQ| GB FK& gwUi `v njb Fwl gayQ`v|
mvge` mswnZv
mvg ki A_ nQ Mvb| h Kivi mgq Kvbv Kvbv FK& ev g myi Ki MvIqv nZv| Gic hmKj g
Mvb Ki MvIqv nZv ZvK ejv nZv mvg| h-e` MxZ FK& ev gmg~n msKwjZ nqQ ZvK mvge`
mswnZv ejv nq| mvge` _K cvPxbKvji msMxZ mK vbjvf nq| Avgiv h myi Ki Mvb MvB, Zvi
Avw` Drm GB mvge`| loR, Flf cfwZ mg îi (miMg) DrmI mvge`| cavbZ FM&eì
gjvKB myi w`q Mvbi AvKvi ic`vb Kiv nqQ| mvge` mswnZvi gmsLv nQ 1,810 wU; Gjvi
ga 75wU Qvov evwKjv FM&e` _K MnY Ki myi Ìqv nqQ|
hRye` mswnZv
hRyt gvb hi g| cvPxbKvji Fwliv e` _K g DPviY Ki ev Avew Ki agvbyvb ev hvMh
KiZb| h Kivi mgq Dw èZvi mywbw` g cvV Kiv nq| Gfve h eeZ gjv msMn Ki
h-e` msKjb Kiv nqQ ZvK hRye` mswnZv ejv nq| hvbyvbi wbqg cwZ hRye` msKwjZ
nqQ| hK K` Ki Mo DVQ elcw ev FZz-mwKZ aviYv| wewfbfve Ges wewfb mgqevcx h
Kiv nZv| Kvbv h wQj `bw`b, Kvbv h wQj mvnevcx, Kvbv h wQj cKvjevcx| Avevi Kvbv
h elevcx, GgbwK v`kelevcxI AbywZ nZv| GKK cKvi hi Rb GKK cKvi ew` wbgvY Kiv
nZv| GB wbgvYKkj _KB RvwgwZ ev f~wg cwigvc we`vi De NUQ|
FM&e` I mvge` c` iwPZ| wKy hRye` M` I c` Dfq ixwZB eeZ nqQ| hRye` `ywU cavb kvLvq
wef| h_v 1. K hRye` 2. K hRye`| K hRyeì Aci bvg Zwixq mswnZv| K hRyeì Aci
16
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
bvg evRmbqx mswnZv| K hRye` 7wU Kv I 2184wU g iqQ| Avi K hRye` iqQ 40wU Aavq
Ges 1,915wU g|
A_ee` mswnZv
eì PZz_ fvM nQ A_ee`| A_ee` mswnZv AvavwZK I RvMwZK bvbvcKvi vbi msMn| A_eeì
cvPxb bvg A_evwim| A_e ejZ flRwe`v, kvw, cyw cfwZ gjwqv evSvq| Avwim ejZ kea
Ges ekxf~Z Kivi Dcvq, AvPvi-Abyvb BZvw` evSvq| cvPxbKvji wPwKrmvcwZi Avw` cwiPvqK wnmve
A_ee` weLvZ nq iqQ| A_ee` bvbvcKvi evwai cwZKvii Dcvqîc bvbvcKvi e, jZv, j cfwZ
mK weZfve AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| Avqye` bvg cwiwPZ wPwKrmvkvi Avw` Drm GB A_ee`| G
Qvov GB e` Awwe`v I kjwe`vi (mvRvwi) DjL AvQ|
A_ee` mswnZv KzwowU Kv, 731wU m~ Ges cvq 6,000 g wbq MwVZ| A_ee` M` I c` Dfq
ixwZZ iwPZ| c`B ewk| Qq fvMi GK fvM M` iwPZ|
GKK KvR : QK c` cZK
cKvi eì `ywU Ki welqe
wPwZ Ki
FM&e`
mvge`
hRye`
A_ee`
bZzb k : A`w, AwijvK, m~, kj, A_evwim, loR, Flf|
cvV 3 : agvPiY PZzeì cfve

e` wn`yì Avw` agM| GB e` GKwUgv agM bq| wecyjmsLK Mi GK wekvj fvvi| wn`y agi
g~jM nQ e`| mw`K _K ew`K mvwnZi iyZI Amxg| G Qvov cvPxbKvj fviZeli mgvR I
BwZnvmi cwiPq cZ njI ew`K mvwnZi Ici wbfi KiZ nq| mvwnZ wnmeI ew`K mvwnZ
iyZc~Y| FM&e` èZvì cksmv Kiv, hRye` hi welqemn mgvRK myìfve Mo ZzjZ
mnvqZv Ki|
e` cvV Kij mv, wekcKwZ I Rxeb mK vbjvf nq| cZKwU eì wekl iyZ iqQ| FM&e`
mswnZv cvV Kij Avgiv wewfb ew`K è-èx mK RvbZ cvwi| AwM, B`, Elv, ivw, evqy cfwZ
cvKwZK kwi gvag Ckii Amxg gZv Dcjw Kiv hvq| Zuvì KgPvjK Av`k Ki RxebK GwMq
wbq hvIqv hvq|
hRye` hi gi msMn| G _K RvbZ cvwi mKvj DcvmbvcwZ Kgb wQj| hRye` AbymiY wewfb
mgq hvbyvbi gvag elcw ev FZz mK aviYv Rb| wewfbfve Ges wewfb mgqevcx hvbyvb Kiv
nZv| hi ew` wbgvYi Kkj _KB RvwgwZ ev f~wg cwigvc we`vi De NUQ|
mvge` _K mKvji Mvb I ixwZ mK RvbZ cvwi| RMZi mg Mvbi Avavi Ges Drm mvge`| Avi
G-Mvb A_vr mvge` Avgvì gbbkxjZvK evwoq `q| dj mgvR wekLjv mw nZ cvi bv|
agM
17
A_ee` mswnZvq B`Rvj, evwa wbivgq, Abvew iva, flRwe`v, kvw I bvbvwea fKgmsv gvw` I
wb`kbv iqQ| RxebK myì, my ivLvi Dcvq wnme flRwe`v AZ iyZc~Y| hv-B flR Zv-B
AgZ| Avi hv AgZ Zv-B e| GB A_ee` nQ Avqye` ev wPwKrmvwevbi g~j| GLvb bvbvcKvi
ivMevwa Ges mjvi cwZKvii Dcvqî~c bvbvcKvi jZv, j evwì eYbv Kiv nqQ|
myZivs mgM e`cvV cigvZv, ew`K èèx, h, mxZ, wPwKrmvmn bvbv welqi vb jvf Ki RxebK
myì, my I cwicvwU Ki Zvjv hvq| Avi GRbB G-M Avgvì cZKi cvV Kiv AekKZe|
GKK KvR : eì wkv Zzwg Kxfve RxebvPiY cqvM Kie|

bZzb k : KgPvj, elcw, î~c, j|
cvV 4 : kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvi welqe

gnvfviZi fxcei AMZ 25 _K 42 GB AvVvivwU Aavq GK kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZv msc MxZv bvg
cwiwPwZ jvf KiQ| GLvb megvU mvZkZ kvK AvQ| GRb Gi Avi GK bvg mkZx| Kzi hyi
mgq fMevb kxK ARybK hme K_v ejQb ZviB bvg kxg`&fMe`&MxZv,msc MxZv|
aZiv I cvy`yB fvB| aZiv eo, cvz QvU|
Kziyeski bvg Abymvi aZivi mvbì ejv nq
Kie| wKy GKB esk nqI cvzi bvg Abymvi Zuvi
mvbì ejv nq cve| ivR wbq GB Kziy-cvei
ga hy ea hvq| ^qs kxK ARybi i_i mviw_
nqwQjb| i_ hLb `yci mbì gvSLvb ivLv
njv ZLb ARyb ^c Ges weci wbKU AvZxq^Rbì `L gylo cojb| AwZ wbKU AvZxq^Rbì m hy KiZ AwbQv cKvk Kijb|
ZLb fMevb kxK ZuvK Kg, vb I fw cfwZ
mK wewfb Dc`k `b| mB Dc`kevYxB
kxg`&fMe`&MxZvq ewYZ nqQ| Dcj ARyb
njI MxZvq fMevb h- Dc`k w`qQb, Zv mKj Kvji mKj gvbyli Rb chvR| MxZv mKj Dcwblì
mvie Aej^b iwPZ vb, Kg I fwhvMi GK Ac~e mg^q| Kej agMicB bq, `vkwbK
KveMicI MxZv cw_exi AbZg k M| MxZv wbZ cvV M|
GKK KvR : kxg`&fMe`&MxZvi welqe jL|
18
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
bZzb k : Kie, cvy|
cvV 5 : kxg`&fMe`&MxZvq PZyeY, KZecvjb, mvg I fw

PZyeY
fMevb gvbylK mgvbfve mw KiQb| Zvi ciI Y I Kgvbyhvqx Zuvi mwZ mgvR PviwU eY wefvM
iqQ| Gjv nQ evY, wq, ek I k~`| evb eywgvmb ew nQb evY, whwb mt Y viv
cfvweZ| kvmK wKsev hyKvix m`vqfz ew nQb wq, wZwb iRt Y viv cfvweZ| eemvqx
m`vqfz ew nQb ek, whwb iRt I Zgt Y viv cfvweZ| kgRxex m`vqfz ew nQb k~`, wZwb
Zgt Y viv cfvweZ| GB h eYwefvRb, GwU wKy Rbf` bq, Kgf`| h hiKg KvR Ki _vK Zvi
eYwU m Abymvi nq| G-cm kxg`&fMe`&MxZvq fMevb kxK ejQb PvZzeYs gqv ms YKgwefvMkt,
A_vr cKwZi Y I Kgi wefvM Abymvi AvwgB PviwU eY mw KiwQ| evYi mvb njB h GKRb evY
ne GgbwU bq| mY cfvweZ Kvbv k~ì mvbI evY nZ cvib| Avevi Kvbv evYi mvb Zgt Y
cfvweZ nj m k~` ej MY ne| myZivs ejv hvq, RvwZ ev eYf` eskMZ bq, Y I KgwfwK|
KZecvjb
hv wKQz Kiv nq Zv-B Kg| Avi hmKj Kg Kiv AvekK Zv-B KZe| kxg`&fMe`&MxZvq KZecvjbKB
cvavb Ìqv nqQ| Avi G-KZecvjb KiZ ne wbvgfve A_vr KvbvcKvi dji Avkv bv Ki
KZecvjb Kiv|
G-cm fMevb kxK ejQb
Kg Ze AwaKvi Kgdj bq,
dj Avkv ZvM Ki, Kg hb iq| MxZv, 2/47
ZvB kxK ARybK ejQb, Kg A_vr KZecvjbB ag| Zzwg wq, hyi gvV hy KivB Zvgvi ag|
Avmwnxbfve hy Ki, GKwU mydj cve| Zzwg hy bv Kij Zvgvi ag b ne| Kbbv ^ ^ ewk
Abymvi Kg mv`b KivB ag|
myZivs Avgiv h hB Aevb AvwQ, mKvRjv mwVKfve mv`b KivB Avgvì cKZ ag| hgb
Qvvbvs Aaqbs Zct Qvì GKgv KZe Aaqb Kiv|
mvg
mvg ev mgZ gvb mgvb| mKjK mgvb `Lvi bvg mvgPZbv| mKj Rxei ga Cki mgvbfve
weivRgvb| myZivs mKj RxeK GB h mgZvi `wZ `Lv Ges mgZvc~Y AvPiY Kiv GiB bvg mvgeva|
kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvq ejv nqQ, mewelq mKji cwZ huvi AvPiY mgZvc~Y, wZwbB k (6/9)|
kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvq AviI ejv nqQ, mg`kx mef~Z AvZvK `Lb Ges AvZvq mef~ZK `Lb (6/29)|
Gi A_ njv, whwb mg`kx wZwb mKj RxeK wbRi gZv gb Kib Ges wbRK mKji m wgwjq
`Lb| myZivs AvgivI mKjK mg`wZ `Le| kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZv _K Avgiv mvg mK G- wkv cvB|
fMevbi cwZ Mfxi kv ev fvjvevmvK fw ejv nq| f fMevbi KvQ wbRK mgcY Ki Zuvi m
wbweo mK vcb Kib| ZvB ejv nq fw nQ f I fMevbi ga wgjb mZz|
agM
19
kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvq ejv nqQ f Kvgbv-evmbv gy neb| Zuvi mg Kgi dj Ckii Dk wbe`b

Kieb| whwb Gfve fMevb AvZwbe`b Kib, Zuvi Ai fw Rb Ges fwZB gyw|
GKK KvR : Kg, mvg I fw mK kxg`&fMe`&MxZvi wkvi cfve mK jL|
bZzb k : mt, iRt, Zgt, wq, ek, k~`, Avmw, Zct, mvg, mg`kb|
cvV 6 : RxebvPiY kxg`&fMe`&MxZvi wkv

MxZv Avgvì Abvqi weiy ùvovevi ciYv `q| KviY mqs fMevbB hyMhyM `yi `gb, wki cvjb
Ges agivi Rb cw_exZ AeZvii~c bg Avmb|
wZwb ejQb
h`v h`v wn agm MvwbfewZ fviZ|
Afzvbgagm Z`vZvbs mRgng&\
cwivYvq mvaybvs webvkvq P `yZvg&|
agmsvcbv_vq mevwg hyM hyM\ MxZv 4/7-8
A_vr hLbB agi AatcZb Ges Aagi De nq, ZLbB mvayì cwivY, `yjvKì webvk Ges ag
msvcb Kivi Rb Avwg cw_exZ AeZxY nB|
AvZvi asm bB| MxZvi GB wkv Avgvì gZzK fq bv Ki fvjv KvR GwMq hvIqvi mvnm hvMvq|
MxZvq ejv nqQ 1. kvevb I mshgxB vbjvf mg_ nq 2. Abvm KghvMx gv jvf Kib 3.
vbxfB ZuvK `q Abyfe Kib Ges 4. GB wekvj wek hv wKQz AvQ meB Ckii ga we`gvb|
MxZvi GB K_v _K Avgiv kv I mshg mvabvi w`K gbvwbek Kwi| RvMwZK welqi cwZ wbgvn nIqvi
ciYv cvB| ag Abykxjbi KvR ce nB A_vr A_nxb MZvbyMwZK c_ cwinvi Ki Zi ggv_ evSvi Pv
Kwi| mewKQz fMevb kxKi AMZ mKj fèyw `~i Ki w`q Avgiv AbK fvjvevmZ Pv Kwi| h
hfve ev h-c_ CkiK WvKZ Pvq, Cki mfveB Zvi WvK mvov `b| GLvbB eR IV agmg^^qi myi|
MxZvq vbi K_v ejv nqQ| vb, Kg I fwi mg^q Kiv nqQ| vbi AvjvK gbK AvjvwKZ
KiZ ne| Zvi Rb Kg KiZ ne| G-Kg ne wbvg| Avi mg wbvg Kgi dj fMevb mgcY
KiZ ne| GKB ej fw| G-wZbi mg^q Rxebc_ PjZ ne| myZivs MxZvq eve Rxeb Kxfve
PjZ ne mB c_I `Lvbv nqQ| mvgwMK wePvi Avgvì RxebvPiY AbZg agM wnme
kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvi iyZ Acwimxg|
GKK KvR : kxg`&fMe`&MxZvi wkv Dcjw Ki cuvPwU evK jL|
bZzb k : Afzvb, kvevb, mshgx, Abvm, KghvMx, gv |
20
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
Abykxjbx
k~bvb c~iY Ki :
1. e` Fwlì .................. cvIqv cwe vb|
2. mKj Dcwblì mvi ...........................|
3. msMxZi AbZg Avw` Drm ....................|
4. gZjvKi èZv njb ..................|
5. hvbyvbi wbqg cwZ .................. msKwjZ|
6. A_eeì cvPxb bvg ......................|
Wvb cvk _K k ev evKvsk wbq evg cvki mv_ wgj Ki :

evg cvk
Wvb cvk
1. e`K K` Ki agwfwK
PZze`
2. e`vi vb bv _vKj
f~wg cwigvc we`vi De NUQ
3. mswnZvjvK GK ejv nq
Y I KgMZ
4. hi ew` wbgvYKkj _KB
msKjb
5. RvwZ ev eYf` eskMZ bn
e` Aaqb m~Y nq bv
GK wekvj mvwnZ Mo DVQ

1. ew`K mvwnZ ejZ Kx evSvq ?
2. eì GKwU iyZc~Y Ask wnme evYi welqe evLv Ki|
3. msMxZPPvq mvge` mswnZvi f~wgKv evLv Ki|
4. hRye` _K Kxfve elcw I f~wg cwigvc mK Rvbv hvq ?
5. PZzeY mK kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvi wkv D`vniYmn evLv Ki|
wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :

1. e` Aaqb e`vi iyZ AcwimxgDwwU weklY Ki|
2. FM&e` mswnZvi welqe D`vniYmn evLv Ki|
3. Avgvì cZKi PZze` cvV Kiv AvekK DwwU g~jvqb Ki|
4. vb, Kg I fwhvMi GK Ac~e mg^q nQ kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZv weklY Ki|
agM
21
5. mvg I fw mK kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvi wkv D`vniYmn evLv Ki|

6. Avgvì RxebvPiY kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvi iyZ I Zvrch weklY Ki|
ewbevPwb ck :
1. mswnZv gvb
K. Mvb
M. msMn
L. h
N. mgxc
2. e`vi AbZg A KvbwU ?

K. K
M. wkv
L. Q`
N. wbiy
3. B`, evqy cgyL èZviv cw_exZ

i.
Avmb bv
ii. Aevb Kib

iii. Avmb wKy _vKb bv
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. ii
M. iii
N. i I iii

mxgv `xNw`b hver evZi e_vq fzMwQj| AbK wPwKrmvi ciI Dckg nQ bv weavq m RMZcyi Mvgi
Avqye`xq wPwKrmK wRZbeveyi kiYvcb nq Ges Zuvi eevcbvq Qq gvm wPwKrmvi ci mxgv m~Y my nq
IV|
wRZbeveyi wPwKrmvcwZ Kvb eì AMZ ?
K. FM&e`
L. mvge`
M. hRye`
N. A_ee`
ag I RxebvPiY D eì f~wgKv nQ

i.
Abvew iva
ii. evwa wbivgq

iii. kvw I fKgi gvwì wb`kbv
22
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?

K. i I ii
L. i I iii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
mRbkxj ck :
cywjbevey AZ bxwZevb I avwgK gvbyl| wZwb wkKZv ckvq wbqvwRZ _K Qjgqì h_vh_fve
jvjbcvjb KiQb| Ze Qjgqiv cwZwZ nq ZuvK myL ivLe Gic cZvkv Zuvi bB| wZwb
Abyfe Kib G-msmvi wbt^v_fve `vwqZ cvjb KivB cKZ ag| we`vjqi wkv_xìI wZwb wbRi
mvbi gZvB Mo ZzjZ mnvqZv Kib| wkv_xivI ZuvK wcZZzj Mfxi kv Ki|
K. Mfxi mvabvq wbgM nIqvK Kx ej ?
L. e`K Kb Aciylq ejv nqQ ? evLv Ki|
M. cywjbeveyi PvwiwK ewk kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvi Kvb wkvi cwZdjb NUQ Zv Zvgvi cwVZ welqi
AvjvK evLv Ki|
N. Zzwg wK gb Ki cywjbeveyi c gvjvf me ? Zvgvi Dii mc hyw `vI|
ZZxq Aavq
wn`yagi îc I wekvm

msZ a-avZzi m gb& cZq hy Ki ag kwU MwVZ nqQ| Gi A_ hv aviYkwmb, mwUB ag|
wnsmv bv Kiv, Pzwi bv Kiv, mZwb nIqv, `ngb cwe _vKv Ges mshgx nIqv G-cvuPwU Y wbq wn`yagi
mvaviY jY| Avevi ag-Aag wbYq cwe e`, wZkv, mwì AvPvi-AvPiY Ges weeKi wb`k GB
PviwU nQ wn`yagi wekl jY| e hyMi e mvaKi mvabvi dmj wbq G-ag gk weKwkZ nQ|
wn`yag eKvji ag| Pjvi c_ gvS gvS bZzb agxq wPv GZ cek KiQ| G-agi wewaweavb Abykxjb
Ki RxebK myì I kvwgq Kiv hvq|
mgvRRxeb Kg ev RxweKv Abymvi evY, wq, ek I k~`G-PZzeYi mw nq| G-eYf` wQj ckvMZ,
RbMZ bq| gvbyli c~Yv RxebKvj aiv nq kZel| mg mgqwUK Pvi fvM fvM Kiv nq ePh,
Mvn, evbc, mbvm| GK ejv nq PZzivkg|
24
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
wn`yag hyMwefvM iqQ mZ, Zv, vci I Kwj| cwZwU hyMi Rb wbw` agKgi K_v iqQ mjv
hyMag| cwe `ngb wbq agPPv KiZ nq| GRb c~Rv, Dcevm, cv_bv, Dcvmbv BZvw` AvPvi-Abyvbi
Abykxjb KiZ nq| wn`yag eZcvjbi eev iqQ| fMY eZcvjb Ki cvcgy nq _vK| Cki
wekvm, c~Rv, cveY I eZcvjbi ga w`q agi mydj cvIqv hvq|
Avgiv G-Aavqi `ywU cwiQì c_g cwiQ` wn`yagi mvaviY I wekl jY Ges wn`yagi gweKvk
mK AeMZ ne Ges wZxq cwiQ` eY I Avkgagi aviYv, eYf` RbMZ bq, ckvMZ G-aviYv,
hyMag, eZcvjb, eZcvjb KiYxq, wkeivwi eZK_v Ges eZcvjbi iyZ mK AeMZ ne|
G-Aavqkl Avgiv
wn`yagi mvaviY I wekl jYmg~n evLv KiZ cvie
wn`yagi gweKvk mswfve eYbv KiZ cvie
RxebvPiY wn`yagi mvaviY I wekl jYi cKvk NUvZ cvie
eY I Avkgi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie
eY I Avkgagi eYbv KiZ cvie
eYf` ckvMZ, eskvbywgK bq evLv KiZ cvie
hyMagi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie
eZcvjbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie
wkeivwi eZK_v eYbv KiZ cvie
eZ I eZcvjb KiYxq I eZcvjbi iyZ evLv KiZ cvie
eY eY Kvbv f` bB Zv Dcjw Ki wbR AvPiY Zvi cKvk NUvZ cvie
eZcvjbi iyZ mK Rb eZcvjb Dy ne|
wn`yagi îc I wekvm
25
c_g cwiQ`
wn`yagi îc
wn`y agkv agi jYmg~nK mvaviY jY I wekl jY G-`yfvM fvM Kiv nqQ :
cvV 1 : agi mvaviY jY

msZ a-avZzi m gb& cZqhvM ag kwU Drcb nqQ| a-avZzi A_ aviY Kiv| Zvnj ag kwUZ
evSvQ aviYkw| G- cm gnvfviZi kvw ce ewYZ agi jYwU iY Kiv hvq|
aviYv`& ag BZvagY weaZv cRvt|
ht mv`& aviY mshyt m ag BwZ bZit \
A_vr, aviY wqv (a+gb&) _K ag ki Drcw| ag mwK weklfve aviY Ki iqQ| msc hv wKQy
aviYkwmb Zv-B ag| G Qvov AbwKQy ag bq| hgb gvbyli ag nQ gbylZ| Avi GB gbylZi cwiPq
w`Z wMq ejv nqQAwnsmv mZgqs kPs mshgge P|
GZr mvgvwmKs cvs agm c jYg& \ (gbymswnZv)
A_vr, wnsmv bv Kiv, Pzwi bv Kiv, mshgx nIqv, cwe _vKv Ges mZev`x nIqv GB cvuPwUK gbylZi jY
wnme wPwZ Kiv nqQ| Zvnj `Lv hvQ gbylZ iqQ cvuPwU Yi ga| Yjv Abykxjb Ki
GKRb gvbyl gbylZi AwaKvix nZ cvi| hw` `Lv hvq GKRb gvbyl AbK wnsmv Kib bv, Acii m`
Pzwi Kib bv, Rxeb mZK ai iLQb, cvkvK-cwiQ` cwe, wPvfvebvq cwi Ges RxebaviYi
cwZwU mshgx, Zvnj H ewK Avgiv gbylZi AwaKvix eje| Avi Gic cwikvwaZ ewB neb
wn`yagi `wKvY _K Av`k gvbyl| D cvuPwU YB gvbylK gvbyl KiQ| ZvB Gjv wn`yagi gbylZi
jY wnme eYbv Kiv nq| ag avwgKK iv Ki| ag b nj gvbyli wZ nq|
GKK KvR : agi mvaviY jY Zvgvi eve Rxeb Kxfve cqvM Kie jL|
bZyb k : mshgx, gbylZ, iY, cwi|
26
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cvV 2 I 3 : agi wekl jY

agi mvaviY jY eYbvi ci agi wekl jYmg~n wPwZ Kiv nqQ| agi wekl jY mK
gbymswnZvq ejv nqQ :
e`t wZt m`vPvit ^mP wcqgvZbt|
GZPPZzweas cvt mvvr agm jYg&| (2/12)
A_vr, e`, wZkv, m`vPvi I weeKi evYx GB PviwU agi wekl jY| GB PviwUK AbymiY Ki
KvbUv ag, KvbUv Aag Zv wbYq Kiv hvq|
e`
mbvZb agi wfwg~j iqQ e`| e` Avw` agM| e` ki A_ vb| eì FwlMY avb nq
fMevbi evYx jvf KiQb Ges m- evYxmg~n Kvjg wjwce nq e`M nqQ| Avgiv Rvwb e` PviwU|
FM&e`, hRye`, mvge`, A_ee`| Rxeb KvbUv ag, KvbUv Aag GUv gxgvsmvi ck eì gZKB
MnY KiZ nq|
wZkv
eì ci meiKg KZeKgi Dc`k w`q iwPZ nq wZkv| wZkvjv iwPZ nqQ eì wbavwiZ
gZvgZ wVK iL| wZkvi wbqg, wb`k gb Pjj agvag wbYq Kiv mnR nq|
m`vPvi
mr + AvPvi = m`vPvi| mr ewi AvPvi AvPiY agi cKvk NU _vK| e` I wZkvi gvag hw` ag
I Aag wbYq Kiv me bv nq m mgvR gnvcyiylì AvPvi-AvPiY I Dc`k-wb`k AbymiY KivB
ag|
weeKi evYx
Dcii AvjvwPZ e`, wZkv I m`vPvi AbymiY KiI hw` wekl Kvbv cwiwwZZ ag-Aag wbYq Kiv
me bv nq m gvbylK Zvi wbR^ weeKi Avkq MnY KiZ nq| gvbyli cwiPq ejv nq gvbyl
weeKevb cvYx| ZvB weeKeyw Aej^b Ki Rxebc_ PjZ nq| me agwb`k gb Pjv gjRbK
wn`yagi îc
27
bvI nZ cvi| hgb kvi wb`k nQ mZ K_v ejv ag, Avi wg_v ejv cvc| G-wb`k mKj
AbymiY Kiv me bvI nZ cvi| hw` `Lv hvq wg_v ejj GKRb fvjv gvbyli Rxeb iv nq, ZLb
wg_v ejvB ag| Gic mZ ejv ag bq| Gic RwUj cwiwwZZ gvbyli Ai AewZ Cki ev
weeKi wb`k wbq agvag wbYq KiZ nq|
cvV 4 I 5 : wn`yagi gweKvk

gvbemfZvi gweKvki m m mbvZb Z_v wn`yagi weKvk iy nqQ| wn`yag wPvkxj gywb-FwlMY
gvbyli KjvYwPvq agxq AvPvi-AvPiY GgbwK cvigvw_K wPvq bZzb bZzb agxq fve ceZb KiQb|
ew`K hyM ag Kg wbavwiZ wQj hKg ic| hwqvi ga w`q ew`K hyM èZvì Avivabv Kiv nZv|
hKgi dj ^Mcvw nZ cviZ wK gvbyli gywjvf nZv bv| ZvB eì ci Dcwblì hyM gywi wPv
cvavb cvq| gvbyl gywjvfi Rb GK ei Avivabv KiZ _vK| G-mgq mgvR msmvi ZvM Ki mbvm
MnYi ceYZv `Lv `q| Kvjg G-wPvi gaI gvbyl hb my nZ cvij bv| G-Aevq fMevb
kxKi Avwefve nq| ZLb wQj vci hyM| mgvRRxeb mbvmi cwieZ Kgi w`K gvo divbv njv|
wZwb evLv Ki ejjb, Kg ZvM bq, Kg KiZ ne fvM-AvKvv ev` w`q| gb KiZ ne mg
wekRMr fMevbi weivU Kg| Avi GLvb gvbyl fMevbi Kg Ki hvQ Ges Kgi djI fMevbiB
cvc| kxg`&&fMe`&MxZvq GB wbvg Z_v KghvMi welqwU ewjfve Zzj aiv nqQ| KghvM Abykxjb
Ki gvbyl gywjvf KiZ cvi|
Gici Avm fwevì K_v| gvbyl CkiK mvKvi Dcvmbv KiZ _vK| e è-èxi c~Rv-cveY
wn`ymgvR PjZ _vK| fMevbK mvKvi Avivabv Ki fiv gy nZ cvi| Ze wfb wfb è-èxi
DcvmKMY mgvR wfb wfb kwYZ wef nq co| hgb kv, ke, ee BZvw`| GB m`vqjvi
ga Amwnz fve `Lv `q| Gic Aevq kxPZbèi Avwefve NU| wZwb cgfwg~jK ee ag cPvi
Kib| G-agi cavb j fwi gvag fMevbi Avivabv, mgvR eYwef` `~i Kiv I kvw vcb Kiv|
Ebwesk kZK Gm wevbi `wKvY w`q wn`yag AbK AvPvi AvPiY msvi mvab Kiv nq| g~wZc~Rvi
cwieZ Avm GK e wPv| Avi vwcZ nq evmgvR| Aciw`K g~wZc~Rvi gvagi h gvbyl Cki jvf
KiZ cvi, G-fvewU kxivgKi mvabvq mycwZwZ nq| kxivgK I Zvui wkl ^vgx weeKvbì cPvq
wn`yag cyivZb I bZzb wPvavivi mg^q NU|
msc wn`yagi weKvk NUQ ew`K hyM, h Kg, e`vi emvabvq, civwYK hyMi è-èxi
Dcvmbvq, vci hyM kxKi KghvM, kxPZbi fwfvebvq; Avi AvaywbK Kvj kxivgKi meag
mg^qi ga w`q|
Cki mekwgvb, Zvui fve Ab, ZuvK cvIqvi c_I wewP| mvabc_ h-Kvbv cPwjZ cwZ AbymiY Kiv
hZ cvi| gb ivLZ ne gvbei KjvYi RbB ag| agvPiY gvbeKjvYK Aek cvavb w`Z ne|
gvbyli gaB Cki iqQb ; ZvB gvbemevB Ckimev| GB ageva wekvmx nq Avgiv Rxeb mevag
Abykxjb Kie Ges gvbeZveva RvMZ KiZ hZevb ne|
`jxq KvR : agi wekl jYmg~n ZvgvK gvbeZveva Kxfve Dz KiQ G-mK cuvPwU evK jL|
bZzb k : wZkv, e`M, e`v|
28
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
wZxq cwiQ`
ag wekvm
cvV 1 : eYf`
Avgiv wn`yagi wekl jY Ges wn`yagi gweKvk mK AeMZ nqwQ| GLb eYi aviYv mK
AeMZ ne|
wn`yagi g~j agM e`| evY, wq, ek I k~` GB Pvi eYi K_v e` _KB Rvbv hvq| mgvR mKj
gvbyli vb, eyw, Kg`Zv mgvb bq| Kgi hvMZv Abymvi cvPxbKvj _K G-ag eYwefvM iqQ|
mgvR hviv vb-eywZ DbZ Zviv evY bvg cwiwPZ nq| Guiv vb ARb, vb weZiY Ges agKg wbhy
_vKZb| Avevi ivRKvh Kzkjx, `kK iv Kivi kwZ `, GB kwYi jvKìK ejv nZv wq|
eemv-evwYR cwiPvjbv, kmvw` Drcv`bKg Drmvnx ewiv njb ek| kgRxex ewìK k~` kwYZ
Afy Kiv nq|
cvV 2 : eYf` ckvMZ, eskvbywgK bq

Kvjg GB eYc_v RbMZ nq `vuovq, hgb evYi mvb nq evY, wqi mvb nq wq,
Abyicfve ek, k~` RbMZ AwaKvi cwiwPZ nq| Gi dj `Lv Mj GKB cwievii Pvi mvb Pvi iKg
Y wbq RbMnY KiQ| wKy RbMZ KgwefvRb Zvì PviRbK GKB Kg KiZ nQ| dj Kgi
`Zv Giv `LvZ cviQ bv| ZvB wn`yagi we ewMY ejQb mgvR eYwebvm nqQ Kgi hvMZv
Abymvi| eYf` ckvMZ ; AekB eskvbywgK bq| FM&eì GKwU g ewYZ nqQ, GKRb Fwl
ejQb, Avwg e`g `v Fwl, Avgvi Kbv he fR QvZz evwbq wew Ki Ges Avgvi Qj wPwKrmK| G
_K evSv hvq, eYf` eskvbywgK wQj bv| Zv Qvov mvabvi Y wq ivRcy wekvwg Zcmvi ej
evYZ ARb KiwQjb| ek _K evY nIqvi `vI agM iqQ| kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvZI fMevb
kxK ejQb, Y I Kgi wfwZ wZwb Pvi eYi mw KiQb| (MxZv, 4/13)| wKy GKvjI eski
wfwZ eY wbavwiZ nQ| G-eskvbywgK eYf` c_v wn`yagvej^x GKZi Rb cwZeK Ges vZZi
ebi cwZKj| mgvR cwieZbkxjZvq G-c_vi AbK cwieZb NUQ| AbK B mgvRi mPZb
cwieviMyjv G-c_vi Muvovwgi cwZK~j Aevb wbq cvwievwiK KvR mv`b KiQb| ckvMZ eYfì g~j
j wQj ckvi DrKlmvab I bwZK Yvewji weKvki gvag mvgvwRK gjmvab Kiv| eskvbywgK
eYf` mgvRi mPZb gvbyli wbKU Kzmsvi eZxZ AbwKQz bq| ZvB G-`wfwi AviI cwieZb
evbxq|
GKK KvR : wn`yag eYf` c_v vZZi ebi cwZKj G-mK cuvPwU evK jL|
bZzb k : eYf`, Kzkjx, evY, wq, ek, k~`|
wn`yagi îc
29
cvV 3 : Avkgag
Avkgag wn`ymgvR GKwU wekl w`K| cvPxbKvj FwlMY gvbeRxebK PviwU chvq wef Ki `LQb,
hgb ePh, Mvn, evbc I mbvm| GB PviwUK GK ejv nq PZzivkg| gvbyli Avqyvj gvUvgywU
GKkv eQi aiv nq| Avi GB GKkv eQiK cuwPk eQi Ki mgvb Pvi fvM fvM Kiv nq| c_g cuwPk
eQiK ejv nq ePh Avkg| G-mgq iyMn _K we`v ARb Kivi weavb| wZxq chvq cvk ermi ch
Mvn Rxeb| G-mgq ePvix iyMn _K wbR Mn wdi weevn mb Ki msmviag cvjb Ki| cvk
ermi AwZg nj msmvi ZvM Ki agvbykxjbi Rb eb hvIqvi K_v| GwU Pje cuPvi eQi ch| GchvqK ejv nq evbc| kl cuwPk eQi Avm mbvmagi K_v| ZLb gvbyl agvbykxjb AvZwbqvM Ki|
D GB PviwU i wbavwiZ KgB nQ Avkgag|
bZzb k : ePh, Mvn, evbc, mbvm, PZzivkg, Avqyvj|
cvV 4 : hyMag
wn`yagi gZ hyM nQ PviwU mZ, Zv, vci I Kwj| gvbemfZv weKvki cv_wgK chvqK aiv nq mZ
hyM| G-hyM gvbyl wQj agcvY| Zvì Rxeb wQj mrKggq| ZLb ag wQj c~Y, lvj Avbv| Gi ci Avm
Zv hyM| G-mgq gvbyli RxebPPvq wKQy wKQy AmZ Ges cvci cKvk NU| ZLb mgvR nq GK fvM cvc
Avi wZb fvM ag| mgvR ag bwZKZvi cfve ZLbI ewk _vKvq Aag `yej nq _vK|
cieZx hyMK ejv nq vci hyM| G-mgq agi cfve AviI `yej nq co| Aciw`K cvc, Abvq, AZvPvi
eo hvq| GLvb Gm ag I Aag mgvb mgvb nq hvq| G-mgq fMevb kxK Avwef~Z nq mgvR
`yZKvixì webvk mvab I mr ewì `ytLgvPb Avi ag msvcb Ki MQb|
Gici Avm KwjhyM| G-mgq agi Aev AviI `yej nq| Aciw`K Aag Z_v cvcKgi ew NU|
gvbyli ageva nvwiq hvIqvi Dcg nq| G-Aevq AeZvi ic Avmb kxPZb gnvcfy| Zvui cPvq
mgvR cgfw cevn mw nq| mgvRRxeb ^w wdi Avm|
Pvi hyMi AvPiYi Rb kv ag-Kgi wb`k iqQ| ZvK ejv nq hyMag|
Zct cis mZhyM Zvqvs vbgyPZ|
vci hgev `vbgKs Kj hyM \
A_vr, mZhyM ZcmvB wQj cavb ag ; Zv hyM vb cavb ag, vci h cavb wQj Avi Kwj hyM `vbB
cavb ag|
GKK KvR : hyMag Abyhvqx Pvi hyMi ewkmg~n jL|
bZzb k : mrKggq, kxPZb gnvcfz, Zv, vci|
30
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cvV 5 : Z
e I eZ cvjb KiYxq
wn`yì agPPvi c~Rv, Dcvmbv, cveY I eZcvjbi weavb iqQ| cyY ARb I cvc nZ gywi BQvq
AbywZ agKgKB eZ ej| A_vr eZcvjbi Dk njv Kvbv AvKvv c~iYi Rb wekl wKQz AvPviwewa cvjb| wn`yagvej^xiv wecvwiYx eZ, RvgvBlx eZ, Rbvgx eZ, wkeivw eZ BZvw` AbK eZ cvjb
Ki _vKb|
eZcvjbi wKQy mywbw` wbqg AvQ| eZi AvMi w`b mshg cvjb KiZ nq Ges eZi w`b eZ kl
nIqv ch Dcevm Aek KiYxq| h-w`b ev wZw_Z h-eZ D`&hvcb Kiv nq m-w`b ev wZw_Z fMY
Dcevm _K wbw` è-èxi Dk c~Rv wbe`b Ki _vKb| cwZwU eZi eZK_v AvQ| eZcvjbi
mgq mywbw` eZK_v ejv ev cvV Kiv nq| fMY fwmnKvi m eZK_v kvbb|
wkeivw eZ
dvyb gvmi K PZz`kx wZw_i ivwZ wkei Avivabv Kiv nq| GwU
wkeivw eZ wnme cwiwPZ| wke gjgq| wZwb RMZi AKjvY,
Amyì, Abvq `~i Ki _vKb| wkekw KjvYKi kw| Zuvi AbyMn
cvIqvi Rb h eZcvjb Kiv nq mwU wkeivw eZ wnme LvZ| GB
eZ mK Kvwnbx kvbv hvq GK mgq wke-cveZx GK Aevb
KiQb| cveZx wkeK ck KiQb, wZwb wKm Zz nb? wke Di
ejb, h ew Dcevmx nq fw fi GKwUgv wejc w`qI Avgvi
APbv Kib Avwg ZvZB Zz nB| e DcPvi Avgvi APbv Kivi
cqvRb nq bv| n èx, GB njv Avgvi cxwZKi eZ| GB eZi
djîc f Zuvi evmbvi e cq _vKb| Avgvi AbyMn Zuvi cwZ
meY ewlZ nq|
wke ejb, wZwb fi fw `Lb, Avi Zuvi kvmn wejci AwjZ Zz nb| wkeivw eZ cvjbi wKQy
wbqg iqQ| hgb wkeivwi AvMi w`b _KB f mshg Aej^b Kieb| evK, Kg, wPvq `n-gbK
cwe ivLeb| Dcevm _K mvivw`b cqvRbxq KvRi gaI wkeK iY Kieb| wkeivwi AvbyvwbK
Kgi ga _vKeivwi Pvi cni wkeK Pvievi APbv Kiv| c_g cni wkeK vb KivZ nq `y w`q|
wZxq cni `wa w`q| ZZxq cni NZ w`q Ges PZz_ cni gay w`q| cwZevi mvbi kl c~Rv avb KiZ
ne| Gfve mvivivw wkei c~Rvq KvUe| cii w`b f wkeK c~Rv w`q Dcevm fO cviY Kie|
`jxq KvR : eZ cvjbi Dkmg~n `j AvjvPbv Ki LvZvq jL|
bZyb k : eZ, wejc, Awj|
ag wekvm
31
cvV 6 : wkeivwi Z
e K_v
wkeivwi GKwU eZ K_v AvQ| GLb wkeivwi eZK_vwU kvbv hvK
wkeinm bvgK agM ewYZ nqQ, cyivKvj evivYmx bMi GK eva evm KiZb| Le `n, KKvq,
wcj PvL, wcj Pzj| `LZ fqsKi wQjb mB eva| Avevi Zuvi m _vKZ ccvwL aivi Rvj,
Ak BZvw`| ebi ccvwL wkKvi Ki Zvì gvsm wew KivB wQj Zuvi ckv| GLb GKw`b wZwb eb
wMq cPzi c wkKvi Kijb| Zvici gvsmi fvi enb Ki evwoi w`K iIbv Kijb| evSv Lye fvix wQj|
PjI wMqwQjb Mfxi eb| Kv kv nq wZwb wekvgi Rb GKwU MvQi Mvovq q cojb| `viyY
KvwZ wZwb AwZ `yZ Nywgq cojb| m~h A Mj| ivZ bvgj| PZz`kx wZw_i AKvi ivZ| Mfxi
AKvi wZwb Kx Ki evwo wdieb ! AKvi ebciv hw` AvgY Ki ! wZwb ZLb h-MvQi wbP
qwQjb Zvi Wvji mv_ wkKvi-Kiv ci gvsmi evSv Szwjq ivLjb| Zvici wbRI Po emjb H
MvQi Wvj| MvQwU wQj ejMvQ| Mfxi ivZ kxZvZ I zavZ evai kixi KuvcZ jvMj| Zvi Dci wkwki
cowQj| Vvv wkwki evai Kvucywb Mj eo|
NUbvP mB ejMvQi Mvovq cwZwZ wQjb wkei cZxK wkewj| wkePZz`kxi ivwZ wkei c~Rv
KiZ nq| wkeK ejcvZv w`q, Rj w`q c~Rv KiZ nq| eva kxZ KuvcwQjb Ges mRvi MvQi Wvj
Pc aiwQjb| ZvZ Ki wkwkifRv ejcvZv Avcbv _KB wQb nq wkewji Dci coj| GfveB Zv
fiv Rj I ejcvZv w`q wkePZz`kxi ivwZ wkei c~Rv Ki _vKb| H evaI Rj (wkwki) I ejcvZv
w`q wbRi AvZB wkei c~Rv Ki djb| wZw_gvnvZ evaI wkec~Rvi cyYdj ARb Kijb| wKy eva
wbRI Zv RvbZ cvijb bv|
eva hLb gviv Mjb ZLb hg`~Ziv Pj Gjb Zuvi AvZvK wbq hvIqvi Rb| KviY wZwb Rxeb hcvc KiwQjb Zvi Rb ZuvK biKevm KiZ ne| wK ZrYvr Pj Gjb wke`~Ziv| wke`~Ziv ZuvK
wkeavg wbq hveb| ZLb wke`~Z I hg`~Zì ga SMov jM Mj| cvci dj hvi hgvjq hvIqvi
K_v ZuvK wke`~Ziv wkeavg wbq hZ Pvb ! wK wke`~Zì Rb hg`~Ziv evai KvQ NulZ
cviQb bv| ZLb Zuviv hgivRi KvQ wMq NUbvUv Rvbvjb| hgivR ZLb wkeavg wMq wkei meK
b`xi KvQ RvbZ PvBjb, GKRb Nvi cvcxK Kb hgvjqi cwieZ wkeavg bIqvi Rb wke`~Ziv
wMqQb| H eva Kx Ggb cyY KiQb, hvi Rb ecyYi dj h-wkeavg cvIqv hvq mB wkeavg
hvIqvi hvM njb ?
ZLb b`x hgivRK GK wkePZz`kx wZw_i iv wbRi AvZ Rj I ejcvZv w`q wkei c~Rv Kivi K_v
Rvbvjb, cvcxI hw` wkeivwZ h_vwewa wkei c~Rv Ki, Zvnj Zvi mg cvci webvk NU Ges m
c~yYevb nq wkeavg cv nq| GfveB H evai mKj cvci webvk NUQ Ges m cyYevb nq wkeavg
cvwi hvMZv ARb KiQ|
wkePZz`kxZ wkeivw eZi gvnvZi K_v b hgivR wewZ njb| GfveB wkeivw eZi gvnvZi K_v
Kjvk, èjvK I cw_exZ cPvwiZ njv| ZLb _K wkefiv cwZ eQi wkeivw eZ Ki AvmQb|
bZzb k : wkePZz`kx, kv, eva, wcj|
32
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cvV 7 : Z
e cvjbi iyZ
wn`yagi GKwU wekvm GB h, eZ cvjb Kij Dw èZv eZxi AvKvv c~iY Kieb| eZi gvag
Avgvi AvKvv c~iY ne G-AvZwekvmi RvMiY Ges mB AvKvv c~iYi Rb eZxi wqvkxj nIqv
eZcvjbi GKwU wekl cvw|
eZ Avjcbv KUI AvKvvi cKvk NUvbv nq| hgb avbi Mvjv AvuKj eve cKZ avbi Mvjv ne|
muRywZ eZi GKwU g nQ :
Avwg w`B wcUzwji Mvjv|
Avgvi nvK mwZKvii Mvjv \
jxèxi cvqi wP AuvKj mB wP cv dj dj jxèx wbRB Ni Avmeb| eZxK abm` `vb
Kieb| eZx myLx neb|
Aq ZZxqvi eZK_v Avgvì `vbi cwZ DrmvwnZ Ki| AiYlx eZ Kij mvbmwZ `xNvqy I
Hkhkvjx nq| `~evgx eZ Kij mvZcyiyl myL _vKv hvq Ges `~evi gZv mRxe I Avb`gq nq eski
mKji Rxeb|
Gfve eZcvjbi ga w`q eZxi AvKvv c~iY nq| eZK K` Ki Dcevmi ga w`q `n I gb mshZ
nq| kixi I gb `yBB fvjv _vK|
Abykxjbx
k~bvb c~iY Ki :
1. wn`yagi cavb agM .................|
2. wn`yagi eYc_v ....................... bq|
3. Avgvì Rxeb ............... K ai ivLZ ne|
4. RwUj cwiwwZZ ................ wb`k Abyhvqx KvR KiZ nq|
5. ivRcy wekvwg .................. ej evYZ ARb KiwQj|
ag wekvm
33

evg cvk
Wvb cvk
1. e mvaKi mvabvq dmj wbq
ag
2. mwK weklfve aviY Ki iqQ
weKwkZ nQ ag
3. e`, wZkv, m`vPvi I weeKi evYx GB PviwU

4. wn`yagi Avw` agM
5. gvbyl weeKevb
e`
cvYx
agi jY
gnvfviZ

1.
2.
3.
4.
m`vPvii aviYv D`vniY mnKvi evLv Ki|

hKgi cwZ gvbyli AvMn Kg hvIqvi KviY evLv Ki|
KghvM ejZ Kx evSvq ?
agvPiYi g~j j evLv Ki|
wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :

1. wn`yagi mvaviY jYjv gb Pjvi KviY evLv Ki|
2. wn`yagi wekl jYjv weklY Ki|
3. eYc_vi Muvovwgi w`KwU weklY Ki|
4. wn`yag weKvki cwiPq `vI|
5. wkeivw cvjbi hwKZv weklY Ki|
ewbevPwb ck :
1. ag ki Drcw nqQ Kvb avZz _K ?
K. a
L. Mg&
M. e`&
N. `k&
2. agi mvaviY jY KqwU?

K. Pvi
L. cuvP
M. AvU
N. `k
34
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
3. gvbyli ag nQ
i. gvbeZv
ii. ggZv
iii. gbylZ
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. i I ii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
wbPi DxcKwU co 4 I 5 bî cki Di `vI

mvlevey wkKZv Kib| wZwb wbR cob, wkv_xì gbvhvM mnKvi covb| QvQvxì Av`k
gvbyl wnme Mo ZzjZ Pv Kib| wkKZvi Avb`mn cwievii mevBK wbq wZwb myL AvQb|
wn`yag Abymvi mvlevey Kvb eYi Afy?
K. evY
L. wq
M. ek
N. k~`
mvleveyK D mc`vqi Afy Kivi KviY

i.
Kg
ii. Rb
iii. `Zv
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. i I iii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
mRbkxj ck
Kvjy Phewi gvag RxweKv wbevn Ki| GB KvR _K weiZ _vKvi Rb AbKB ZvK evSvj Kvjy
GB KvR QvoZ cvi bv| GKw`b m Pzwi KiZ wMq b`xZ co nveyWyey LZ _vK| mRj b`xi cvo
w`q hvIqvi mgq KvjyK `LZ cvq| Kvjyi KvRKg mK Zvi Rvbv _vKjI m KvjyK b`x _K
Ub Zvj|
K. gnvfviZi Kvb ce agi jYi K_v ejv nqQ ?
L. e`K mbvZb agi g~j wfw ejvi KviY evLv Ki ?
M. mRji AvPiYi gvag agi h wekl jYwU cwZdwjZ nqQ Zv evLv Ki|
N. agi mvaviY jY Abyhvqx Kvjyi Pwi weklY Ki|
PZz_ Aavq
wbZKg I hvMvmb
wbZKg I hvMvmb
wbZKgjv njv cig cwe Kg| wbZKg Abykxjb Kij hvM, Zc, mvabv, KvRKg, DcfvM, Avb`, ~wZ
mg KgB fvjv jvM Ges RvMwZK I cvigvw_K gj jvf nq| kixiB agKgi g~j Avavi| myZivs `nK
bxivM I gb kv ivLvi Rb mKjiB hvMvmb Abykxjb Kiv AekKZe|
MvgyLvmb, fyRvmb, eRvmb, wbqwgZ Abykxjb egyLx mydj jvf Kiv hvq| GB Aavq wbZKg Abykxjbi
cfve I hvMvmb mK AvjvKcvZ Kiv nqQ|
G-Aavqkl Avgiv
wbZKg Abykxjbi cfve eYbv KiZ cvie
MvgyLvmbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie
MvgyLvmb Abykxjb cwZ eYbv KiZ cvie
36
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
MvgyLvmb Abykxjb I Gi cfve eYbv KiZ cvie
fyRvmbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie
fyRvmb Abykxjb cwZ eYbv KiZ cvie
fyRvmb Abykxjb I Gi cfve eYbv KiZ cvie
eRvmbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie
eRvmb AbykxjbcwZ eYbv KiZ cvie
eRvmb Abykxjb I Gi cfve eYbv KiZ cvie|
cvV 1 : wbZKg Abykxjbi cfve

wbZbwgwK m`vPviB gbylRxebi Ag~j m`| hviv wbZKg Abykxjb Ki Zvì gb axi, wi I kv
_vK, kixi fvjv I KgV _vK Ges Zvì Rxeb , cwe I wbgj nq| gvbyl hLb bZzb Mn Kg Avi
Ki ZLb Zvì wKQzB _vK bv| `yB-Pvi eQi ci hw` Zviv Ni cwiZvM Ki ZLb Zvì GZ wRwbmc
nq hvq hv wbZ UvK ev Mvwoi cqvRb nq| miKg gvbyl hw` cwZw`b wbZKg e _K AbKg Ki
Zvì wbZKg- m^xq wekvj vb jvf nq| hviv wKQzB Ki bv Zvì mvgb mewKQzB evSv gb nq Ges
wbR^ KgI Avjm, Kzmsvi jMB _vK| Zviv fKg Ges gjwPv KiZ mgqB cvq bv|
wbZKgi viv fKgi dj me`vB cZ Kiv hvq| cZKi fKg Kivi Rb GKUv mgq wbaviY nq
hvq| `wbK wbZKgKZvì NiI cwivi, cwiQb, , cwe _vK| weQvbvq Nyg fvOZB egyn~Z AgZ
ejvq f msK Ki gcvVi gvag kv fwZ CkiK WvKj Avjm `~i nq hvq Ges mg w`b
myìfve KvUZ _vK| cvZtKvji AvavwZK KvhKjvc Abyvbi dj w`bi h-Kvbv mgq AbywZ
kixiPPv I myRxeb
37
cvigvw_K KvhKjvci dj _K AbK ewk| cwZw`b iyRbK bgvi Kij Zuvì cwZ KLbI Lvivc
eenvi, Amvb, Aghv`v Kivi mvnm nq bv| bgvi webgZvi cZxK| mRb wcZvgvZv, wevb, eqve,
iyRbì cwZ wbZ bgvi Kiv DwPZ hvZ Akv mLvb webgZv nq Ges weiy AvPiY bv nq|
cwZw`b mKvj-mv hvMevqvg kixiK K` KiB nq| kixis Av`s Lj ag mvabg& kixiB agKgi g~j
Avavi| myZivs hvMvmb cwZw`b wbqwgZ Kij kixi cy, ejevb, kwkvjx, IR^x, ZR^x _vK Ges
Dg fvebvq AvMng~jK Kgi cPv nq| gvbylgvB kvwi Rb Ckii Dcvmbv Ki| cwZw`b c~Rv-APbv,
Dcvmbvw` viv fMevbi bvg DPPviYi dj Ges Zuvi Dk cv_bv Rvbvbvi dj AvavwZK PZbv RvMZ
nq Ges CkiK jvf Kiv hvq| wbgvì Kvbv KgB gb jvM bv| hv wKQz Ki evaZvg~jK, BQv bv
_vKjI Ki| Zviv Rxeb DbwZ KiZ cvi bv|
myZivs wbZKgjv njv cig cwe Kg| wbZKg Abykxjb Kij hvM, Zc, mvabv, KvR, Kg, DcfvM,
Avb`, ~wZ mg KgB fvjv jvM Ges RvMwZK I cvigvw_K gj jvf nq|
Avgvì cZKiB DwPZ `wbK wbZKgvw` Kiv Ges AZvekK ag, Kgvw`, gv_, gbbi m AvPiY
Kiv|
bZzb k : m`vPvi, MnKg, egyn~Z, AgZ ejv, AvavwZK, cvigvw_K, IR^x, ZR^x, Zc,
RvMwZK|
wbgv,
38
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cvV - 2, 3 I 4 : Mvgymbi aviYv, Abykxjb cwZ I cfve

MvgyLvmbi aviYv :
GB Avmb AevbKvj Avmb AfvmKvixi cvqi Aevb Miyi gyLi gZv nq, ZvB GB Avmbi bvg
MvgyLvmb|
Abykxjb cwZ
`yB mvgbi w`K j^v Ki Qwoq mvRv nq emZ
ne| Zvici Wvb cv nuvUzZ fO euv cvqi nuvUzi Dci
w`q wbq wMq Wvb cvqi Mvovwj euv wbZ^ k
KivZ ne| euv cv nuvUzZ fO euv cvqi Mvovwj Wvb
wbZî cvk k KivZ ne| Gevi Wvb nvZ gv_vi
Dci Zzj KbyBZ fO Wvb nvZi cvZv Nvo eivei
wcVi Dci bvge| euv nvZ KbyBZ fO wcQb
wcVi Dci w`K wbZ ne| `ynvZi AvOyjjv
eowki gZv Ki GK nvZ Avi GK nvZi m
AvUK w`Z ne| Nvo Avi giy` mvRv _vKe|
`w _vKe mvgbi w`K| kvmckvm ^vfvweK iL
Gfve 30 mK _vKZ ne| Zvici nvZ `yUv
Qo, cv `yUv AvMi gZv j^v Ki mvgbi w`K Qwoq w`Z ne| Gici Wvbi RvqMvq euv Avi euvqi
RvqMvq Wvb ai A_vr nvZ-cv e`j Ki AvmbUv Avevi KiZ ne| Gici 30 mK kevmb wekvg wbZ
ne| GiKg Pvievi KiZ ne| gb ivLZ ne, Wvb nuvUz hLb euv nuvUzi Dci _vKe ZLb Wvb nvZ Dci
DVe Avi euv nuvUz hLb Wvb nuvUzi Dci _vKe ZLb euv nvZ Dci DVe|
GKK KvR : MvgyLvmbwU Abykxjb Ki `LvI|
cfve
MvgyLvmb wbqwgZ Abykxjb Kij
1. cvqi cwk bgbxq nq, cvqi e_v `~i nq|
2. nuvUzi evZ wbivgq nq|
3. wcVi gvsmcwki e_v `~i nq|
4. Amgvb Kuva mgvb nq|
5. Kuvai mwj e_v `~i nq|
wbZKg I hvMvmb
39
6. giy` bgbxq nq, euvKv giy` mvRv nq|

7. cwicvK hi MvjhvM I KvveZv `~i nq|
8. nRg kw ew cvq|
9. Awb`&v `~i nq|
10. gbi AwiZv I PjZv `~i nq, gb kv _vK|
`jxq KvR : MvgyLvmb Abykxjbi DcKvwiZv wjL GKwU cvvi Zwi Ki|
bZzb k : MvgyLvmb, Mvovwj, wbZ^, evZ, cwk, cwicvK h, wbivgq, KveZv, bgbxq, mwj|
cvV - 5, 6 I 7 : fyRvmbi aviYv, Abykxjb cwZ I cfve

fyRvmbi aviYv :
fyR ki A_ mvc| GB Avmb AevbKvj Kvgi _K `ni Dcii AskK Dci ZzjZ nq| GB
mgq GB Avmb AfvmKvixK fyR A_vr mvc dYv Zzjj hgb `LZ nq, miKg nq| ZvB GB Avmbi bvg
fyRvmb| GK mcvmbI ejv nq|
Abykxjb cwZ :
kixii mg gvsmcwkK wkw_j Ki cv `yUv Rvov I j^v Ki Dcyo nq q coZ ne| cvqi
AvOyjjv gvwUi mv_ jM _vKe| nuvUz, Eiy I Mvovwj mvRv _vKe| `ynvZ KbyBqi KvQ _K fO `y
nvZi Zvjy Dcyo Ki cuvRii KvQ `ycvk gvwUZ ivLZ ne| Gici nvZi Dci A fi w`q wPeyK Dci
Zzj Nvo wcQb w`K wbZ ne Ges m m cv _K bvwf ch kixii wbPi Ask f~wgmsjM iL `ni
Dcii Ask nvZi Dci ewk Rvi bv w`q ay eyK I Kvgii Dci Rvi w`q Dci ZzjZ ne| G-Aevq
mg kixi wkw_j Ki 30 mK _vKZ ne| Gici Av Av cU, eyK, Nvo I wPeyK bvwgq
f~wgmsjM KiZ ne Ges 30 mK wPr nq kevmb wekvg wbZ ne| GBfve GB Avmb I kevmb Pvievi
Afvm KiZ ne| GB Avmb AfvmKvj kvmckvm ^vfvweK _vKe|
GKK KvR : fzRvmbwU Abykxjb Ki `LvI|
40
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cfve :
fyRvmb wbqwgZ Abykxjb Kij
1. giy` bgbxq nq|
2. euvKv giy` mvRv I mij nq|
3. giyì evZ mvi|
4. wcVi I Kvgii cwk gReyZ nq, Kvgi e_v nZ cvi bv|
5. mvqygjx mZR nq|
6. kixii wbRfve `~i nq I bZzb kw Rbvq|
7. rwc I dzmdzm mej nq|
8. eyKi MVb myì nq Ges `ni jveY ew cvq|
9. hKr I cxnvi KggZv ew cvq, nRgkw evo|
10. ARxY, A^j, Azav, MvwK, DP iPvc BZvw` ivM mydj cvIqv hvq|
11. hviv KvjKzuRv Zvì wekl DcKvi nq|
`jxq KvR : fzRvmb Abykxjb Kx DcKvi nq, Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|
bZzb k : fyR, wPeyK, cuvRi, msjM, wbR, jveY, KvjKuyRv, hKr, cxnv, ARxY, A^j|
cvV-8,9 I 10 : eRvmbi aviYv, Abykxjb cwZ I cfve

eRvmbi aviYv :
hvMkvgZ AvmbwU Afvm `ni wbgfvMi mvqy I cwk eRi gZv KwVb, gReyZ I my`p nq| ZvB
AvmbwUi bvg eRvmb| GwU LvIqvi ci Kiv GKgv Avmb|
wbZKg I hvMvmb
41
Abykxjb cwZ :
nuvUz fO cv `yUv wcQb _K gyo wbZî wbP Ggbfve ivLZ ne, hvZ Mvovwj `yUv evBii w`K ewiq
_vK Ges cvqi cvZv wbZî m jM _vK| GB Aevq `ycvqi eyov AvOyj ciii m jM _vKe
Kvgi, Mxev Ges gv_v mvRv nq _vKe| `yB nuvUz ciii m jM _vKe| nvZi KbyB bv fO Wvb nvZ
_vKe Wvb nuvUzi Dci cvZv Avi euv nvZ _vKe euv nuvUzi Dci cvZv| kvmckvm ^vfvweK iL Gfve 30 mK
emZ ne| Zvici 30 mK kevmb wekvg wbZ ne| Gfve 3/4 evi Afvm KiZ ne|
GKK KvR : eRvmbwU Abykxjb Ki `LvI|
cfve :
eRvmb wbqwgZ Abykxjb Kij
1. nuvUzi I Mvovwji MuvUi evZRwbZ e_v `~i nq, mvqwUKv mvi|
2. cvqi cwk I mvqyRvj mZR I mwK&q nq|
3. Azav I Awb`v `~i nq|
4. gbi PjZv `~i nq|
5. ^v myì I jveYgq nq|
6. cwic~Y Avnvii ci G AvmbwU 5 _K 15 wgwbU Afvm Kij Lvè mnR nRg nq
Ges nRgkw ew cvq|
7. eRvmb em Pzj AuvPovj mnR Pzj cvK bv ev co bv|
`jxq KvR : eRvmbi DcKvwiZv wjL GKwU cvvi Zwi Ki|
bZzb k : eRvmb, my`p, Mxev, MuvU, mvqwUKv, mvqyRvj|
42
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
Abykxjbx
k~bvb c~iY Ki :
1. wbZ bwgwK .................gbyl Rxebi Ag~j m`|
2. bgvi ................. cZxK|
3. mcvmb ejv nq .................|
4. MvgyLvmb Nvo Avi giy` ................. _vKe|
5. mnR Pzj cvK bv ................. em Pzj AuvPovj|

evg cvk
Wvb cvk
1. wbZKgi viv fKgvbyvwbK dj
Mii gyLi gZv nq
2. nuvUz, Eiy I Mvovwj mvRv _vK
g~j Avavi
3. MvgyLvmb AfvmKvixi cvqi Aevb
eRvmb
5. kixiB agKgi
me`vB cZ Kiv hvq

fyRvmb

1. wbZKg Abykxjb RvMwZK I cvigvw_K gj nq K_vwU eywSq jL|
2. fyRvmb Abykxjb cwZi avcmg~n avivevwnKfve jL|
3. fyRvmb Abykxjb giyì Ici Kx cfve co ? evLv Ki|
4. MvgyLvmb Abykxjbi DcKvwiZv Kx ?
wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :

1. KqKwU wbZKg DjL Ki Gi Abykxjbi cfve eYbv Ki|
2. MvgyLvmb Abykxjb cwZ eYbv Ki|
3. fyRvmb Kxfve Abykxjb KiZ nq ?
4. eRvmb Abykxjb cwZ eYbv Ki|
5. kixi-gb eRvmb Abykxjbi cfve evLv Ki|
wbZKg I hvMvmb
43
ewbevPwb ck :
1. Kvb mgqi AvavwZK KvhKjvc Abyvbi dj AbK ewk ?
K. cvZtKvj
L. c~evn
M. gav
N. Acivn
2. hvMvmb Abykxjbi ci wekvg wbZ nq

K. myLvmb
L. kevmb
M. f`vmb
N. exivmb
3. MvgyLvmb wbqwgZ Abykxjb Kij

i.
nuvUzi evZ wbivgq nq
ii. gi` k nq
iii. cwicvKhi MvjhvM `~i nq
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i I ii
L. ii I iii
M. i I iii
N. i, ii I iii

Ag kwYi Qvx kqmx jLvcovi cvkvcvwk wbqwgZ hvMvmb Abykxjb Ki| m Dcyo nq q nuvUz, Eiy
I Mvovwj mvRv iL GKwU Avmb Abykxjb Ki Ges Gi mydjI Dcjw Ki|
4. kqmx Kvb hvMvmbwU Abykxjb Ki ?
K. eRvmb
L. kevmb
M. fyRvmb
N. MvgyLvmb
5. kqmxi D AvmbwU wbqwgZ Abykxjbi dj

i.
`ni jveY ew cvq
ii. nRgkw evo

iii. rwc I dzmdzm mej _vK
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i I ii
L. ii I iii
M. i I iii
N. i, ii I iii
44
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
mRbkxj ck :
1. wgZv Ag kwYZ co| m jLvcovq fvjv| wKy m wbqwgZ zj Avm bv| kwYwkK KviY RvbZ
PvBj wgZv Rvbvq Zvi gv cvqB Amy _vKb| Zvi gvqi mgmv njv Kvbv Lvevi LvIqvi ci DM I
A^w eva Kib Ges nRg KiZ cvib bv| Jla LvQb wKy mydj cvQb bv| wkK me kvbvi ci
wgZvK Zvi gvqi Rb GKwU hvMvmb Abykxjb cwZ mK aviYv `b| wkKi K_vgZv wgZvi gv
D Avmb Abykxjb Ki kixi I gb GB Avmbi mydj Dcjw Kib|
K. bgvi wKmi cZxK ?
L. wbZKg Abykxjbi iyZ evLv Ki|
M. DxcK wkK wgZvK Zvi gvqi myZvi Rb Kvb hvMvmb Abykxjb cwZ mK aviYv `b
evLv Ki|
N. wgZvi gvqi kixi I gbi Ici D Avmb Abykxjbi cfve g~jvqb Ki|
2. moK-`yNUbvq Kvgi I wcV fxlY AvNvZ cq iZbeveyi cy nIqvi Dcg nq| wPwKrmvq my njI
Zuvi gi` euvKv nq hvq| wZwb mvRv nq nuvUZ cvib bv Ges Kvgii e_vq K cvb|
AvivMjvfi Avkvq wZwb cvNvZ cybevmb K` hvb| wPwKrmK ZuvK cqvRbxq wdwRI _ivwc w`q
GKwU Avmb Abykxjbi cwZ wkwLq `b| iZbevey wPwKrmKi civgk Abyhvqx AvmbwU wbqwgZ
Abykxjb my nb| Zuvi Abyf~wZ ay kvixwiKfveB AvivM bq eis gvbwmKfveI wZwb GLb my|
K. `n I gbK bxivM I kv ivLvi Rb wbqwgZ Kx Kiv cqvRb ?
L. wbZKgK cwe Kg ejv nq Kb ? evLv Ki|
M. iZbevey Kvb Avmb Abykxjb Ki AvivM jvf Kib ? D Avmb Abykxjb cwqvwU eYbv Ki|
N. iZbevey ay kvixwiKfveB AvivM bb eis gvbwmKfveI wZwb GLb my D Avmbi
cwicwZ eewU g~jvqb Ki|
cg Aavq
è-èx I c~Rv-cveY
Cki wbivKvi njI G gnvweki cqvRb wewfb ic cw_exZ Avwef~Z nq _vKb| Cki hLb wbRi Kvbv
Y ev gZvK Kvbv wekl AvKvi ev ic cKvk Kib, ZLb ZuvK èZv ev è-èx ej| hgb ev,
wez, wke, `yMv, Kvjx, jx, mi^Zx cfwZ| ev mwi èZv, fMevb wez cwZcvjb I ivKvix èZv, wke
asmi èZv|
wn`y agM Abymvi Avgiv wZb cKvi è-èxi cwiPq cvB : ew`K èZv, civwYK èZv I jwKK
èZv|
ew`K èZv hmKj èZvi bvg e` DjL AvQ, Zuvì ew`K èZv ej|
civwYK èZv hmKj èZvi bvg cyivY DjL AvQ, Zuvì civwYK èZv ej|
jwKK èZv e` ev cyivY DjL bB, jwKKfve c~wRZ nb Ggb èZvì ejv nq jwKK èZv|
Avgiv GmKj è-èxi c~Rv Ki _vwK| è-èxi c~Rv Kij Cki Lywk nb Ges fi AvKvv c~iY nq|
c~Rv I cveY k `ywU mgv_K k wnme eeZ nq| wKy c~Rv gvb kvvcb| è-èxK cyc,
be` BZvw` w`q kv vcb KivK c~Rv ej AwfwnZ Kiv nq| Avi cveY ki A_ njv ce ev Drme|
Drme gvb Avb`vbyvb| wn`yagi wewaweavb Abymvi wewfb è-èxi c~Rvq wewfb aibi Drmei AvqvRb
Kiv nq| GKB ej cveY| c~Rv Dcj bvbviKgi AvqvRb Kiv nq| c~Rvi Rb bvbviKg DcKiY msMn
I eenvi Kiv nq| hgb cwZgv wbgvY ; èZvi Ni mvRvbv ; wewfb aibi evì AvqvRb wekl Ki
XvK, Xvj, Nv, Kuvwm, kL BZvw` ; fì mv_ fvewewbgq ; wKQyUv wewPagx LvIqv`vIqv ; wewfb aibi
Avb`g~jK Abyvbi AvqvRb ; cwiQb cvkvK-cwiQ` cwiavb BZvw`|
46
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cveY c~Rv AbyvbK AwaK Ab`Nb Ki Zvj| dj Cki I è-èxi cwZ fw, GKvMZv, Mfxi
kveva, wbRì ga mxwZ I msnwZ BZvwì mw nq|
G-Aavq Avgiv c~Rvi DcKiY ev DcPvi Gjv eenvii Zvrch, bvivqY, gbmv I kwbèi cwiPq, c~RvcwZ, cyvwj I cYvgg BZvw` mK Rvbe|
G-Aavqkl Avgiv
c~Rvi DcKiYi aviYv eLv KiZ cvie
c~Rv-cveY I agxq Abyvb eeZ cvKwZK DcPvi eenvii Zvrch Ges msiYi
cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie
gbmv èxi cwiPq I c~RvcwZ eYbv Ges evLv KiZ cvie
gbmvc~Rvi cYvgg ejZ, wjLZ Ges mijv_ evLv KiZ cvie
gbmv èxi c~Rvi wkv I cfve eYbv Ges evLv KiZ cvie
bvivqY I kwbèi cwiPq I c~RvcwZ eYbv I evLv KiZ cvie
bvivqY I kwbèi cYvg g ejZ, wjLZ Ges mivjv_ evLv KiZ cvie
cvwievwiK Rxeb bvivqY I kwbc~Rvi wkv I cfve weklY Ges evLv KiZ cvie
gbmv, bvivqY I kwbc~Rvi wkv Dcjw Ki kvfi c~Rv APbvq Dy ne
cvKwZK DcPvi msiY hZkxj ne
c~Rv cveYi Rb cvKwZK DcPvi msMn Ges c~Rv-cveYi agxq bv`wbK Kvhg AskMnY
Kie|
cvV 1 I 2 : c~Rv-DcKiYi aviYv Ges c~Rv-DcKiY eenvii Zvrch I msiY

wn`yag wewfb è-èxi c~Rv Kiv nq| c~Rv Kivi wewfb ixwZ-bxwZ iqQ, hvK c~Rvwewa ejv nq| wewfb
è-èxi c~Rv mwVKfve Kivi Rb I c~Rvi ixwZbxwZmg~n mwVKfve cvjb Kivi Rb wewfb aibi mgMxi
cqvRb nq| GmKj c~RvmvgMxK c~Rvi DcKiY ev DcPvi wnme AwfwnZ Kiv nq| D`vniYîc ejv hvq,
c~Rvi ixwZbxwZ ev wewa Abymvi AwfèZv ev èxi Rb be` mgcY KiZ nq| beì Rb wewfb
aibi dj, wgw ev Abvb Lv`èi cqvRb nq| GjvK c~Rvi DcKiY ev DcPvi ej|
è-èxi cQ` Abymvi c~Rv DcKiYiI wfbZv iqQ| Ze mvaviYfve wewfb è-èxi c~Rv Kivi Rb
wbewYZ DcKiYmg~n eeZ nq _vK
è-èx I c~Rv-cveY
47
1. weMn ev cwZgv : c~Rvq è-èxi weMn ev cwZgv wbgvY Kiv nq|

2. Kjm ev gvwUi cv : c~Rvi DcKiY wnme c_vMZ
wbqg Abymvi gvwUi ev avZzi Zwi Kjm eenvi Kiv
nq| c~Rvi mgq KjmwU Mv b`xi Rj ev cengvb
cwivi Rj w`q c~Y Kiv nq| KjmK gjNUI ejv
nq| A_vr Kjm ev NU GKwU gvwjK cZxK| Kjm ev
NUK awixgvqi mv_ Zzjbv Kiv nqQ Ges HkwiK mPZbZv ewi cZxK wnmeI eYbv Kiv
nqQ|
Kjmi gyL Avgcje vcb Kiv nq Ges Zvi Dci GKwU meyR bvwiKj vcb Kiv nq| Avcje I
bvwiKj gnvwekK wb`k Ki| Avgcjei mv_ mRxeZvi mK iqQ Ges GK fvjvevmvi I DeiZvi
cZxK wnme weePbv Kiv nq| c~Y Kjm cuvPwU Dcv`vbK wb`k Ki| Kjmi mePq PIov Ask cw_exK
wb`k Ki, cmvwiZ K` RjK wb`k Ki, Kjmi Nvo AwMK wb`k Ki, gyLi Lvjv Ask evqyK
wb`k Ki Kjmi gyLi Dci bvwiKj I Avg cjeK AvKvk
ev B_vi wnme aiv nq|
3. c`xc : c~Rvi GKwU DcKiY c`xc| c`xc m Avjv mKj
AKviK `~i Ki ej GK vbi cZxK wnme aiv
nq| c`xc Avgvì Rxebi Avjv I AvZvK wb`k
Ki|
4. kL : kL gjm~PK c~Rv DcKiY hv mwi cwe awb mw Ki| mgyì kL Nwoi KuvUvi gZv
Wvb w`K AvewZZ nq mKji Rb Avkxev` c`vb Ki|
Gi myijv awb hb mKjK vbi RMZ, fwi RMZ
Avnvb RvbvqZvgiv Gmv, èZvi KvQ AvbZ nI,
AvZwbe`b Kiv|
5. dzji gvjv : è-èxì mvwbZ I mwZ Kivi
gvwjK DcKiY wnme eeZ nq|
6. Avmb : èZvì emvi Rb eenvi Kiv nq|
7. gyKzU : gyKzU èZvì DP mvbi cZxK|
8. cvb-mycvwi : mycvwii KwVb Ask Avgvì Angevai cZxK hv c~Rvi kl èZv ev èxi KvQ
AvZmgcY Kiv nq|
9. Kc~i : myMw Kc~iI c~Rvq eeZ nq|
48
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
10. MvRj : è-èxK cwivi-cwiQb Kivi Rb cwe Mvi Rj eenvi Kiv nq| Kbbv wn`y agM
Abymvi Mvi Rj cwe| G-Rj wewfb aibi ivM cxov fvjv Kivi gZv we`gvb| G QvovI GRj AvavwZK wPvPZbv ew I elwqK mèwi mnvqK|
11. a~cKvwV : a~cKvwV Avgvì BQvmg~n wb`k Ki hv è-èxi c~Rvi mgq wekl cv iL cRwjZ Kiv
nq|
12. _vjv : _vjvq wewfb mvgMx c~Rvi Dk ivLv nq|
13. a~c : a~c GK aibi myMhy auvqv mwKvix c~Rv DcKiY hv AvgvìK Lvivc kwi cfve _K gy
Ki ej weePbv Kiv nq|
14 P`b : P`bKvV myMw| P`bKvV Rj Nl Abyjcb Zwi Kiv nq| P`bi M cwe cwieki
mwKi| G-KviYB è-èxi Dk mP`b cy ev wejc wbe`b Kiv nq| P`b GKwU
gjRbK I bv`wbK c~Rv-DcKiY|
15 Avwei : GK aibi jvj isOi uov hv è-èxì Rb eenvi Kiv nq|
16 Pvj : eMZ c~Rv DcKiY wnme eeZ nq|
17. è-èxi Dk be` mgcY : dzj, dj, wgwRvZxq Lv` BZvw` be` wnme c`vb Kiv nq hv
è-èxi KvQ Avgvì AvZmgcY I AvZvrmM KivK wb`k Ki|
18. cviwZ : GKB mv_ cuvPwU c`xc cRwjZ Kiv nq Ggb GKwU c~Rv-DcKiY|
19. Nv : c~Rvq Nv evRvbv nq| GKwU gjRbK kmwKvix c~Rv-DcKiY|
20. njy` : njy` cwi wPvK wb`k Ki Ges gbK AvKlY Ki| G QvovI njy` èx `yMvi cZxK|
njy` flR Y iqQ|
21. cwe myZv : hi Rb cqvRb nq|
GKK KvR : c~Rvi DcPvimg~ni bvg jL|
bZzb k : mgv_K, wewPagx, mxwZ, cviwZ|
è-èx I c~Rv-cveY
49
cvV 3 I 4 : gbmvèxi cwiPq I c~RvcwZ

gbmvèxi cwiPq
gbmv mci èx| wZwb mcKzji Rbbx| wZwb Avgvì
mcfq _K iv Kib| wZwb DeiZv I mgwi èx
wnmeI cwiwPZ| evsjv`kmn c~e I cwg fviZ gbmvèxi c~Rv Kiv nq| gbmv jwKK èx| ci civwYK
èxic cwiMwYZ nqQb| èx gbmv welnwi bvgI
cwiwPZ| Kbbv wZwb mvci wel niY Ki _vKb| evi
Dc`k Fwl ewk mcgi mw Kib Ges Zuvi Zcmvi
viv gb _K mB gi Awavx èxic gbmvi Avwefve
NU| gb _K mvKvi ic jvf KiQb ej Gi bvg nqQ
gbmv| cyivY gZ, wZwb RMrKviy gywbi cZx, AvwKi gvZv
Ges mvci ivRv evmywKi evb| Zvui wcZvi bvg Kkcgywb
Ges gvZvi bvg Kv` (Kadru)| wZwb bvMgvZv bvgI
cwiwPZ|
gbmvèxi ic
AvKwZMZ w`K _K gbmvèxi PviwU nvZ iqQ Ges wZwb MieYv| Zvui AviK bvg ZvB RM`&&Mix|
Pì gZv myì Ges cmb Zuvi gyLgj| AiyY eYi A_vr fvii m~hi Avjvi gZv jvj iOi Kvco wZwb
cwiavb Kib| wZwb mvbvi AjsKvi ci _vKb| KqKUv mvc ZuvK Rwoq _vK, hb Zuvi AjsKvi| nuvm
Zuvi evnb| cmb gyL wZwb nuvmi Ici em _vKb| G QvovI AvUwU mvc Zuvi nvZ, gyKzU I cv``k wNi
_vK|
gbmv-c~RvcwZ
Avlvp gvmi c~wYgvi cii wZw_K bvMcgx wZw_ ej| bvMcgx wZw_Z DVvb wmR MvQ vcb Ki ZvZ
gbmvèxi c~Rv Kiv nq| fv` gvmi Kci cgx wZw_Z gbmvèxi c~Rv Kivi weavb iqQ| eZgvb
gbmv gwì gbmvi c~Rv Kiv nq| cvwievwiK chvq cvwievwiK gwì gbmvèxi c~Rv Kiv nq| G-c~Rv Kivi
gyL Dk njv mvci AvgY _K iv cvIqv| gbmvc~Rv Kivi Rb Abvb c~Rvi gZv mvaviY c~Rvwewa
AbymiY KiZ nq| mvaviYfve èx gbmvi c~RvcwZ wnme c~Rvi cvi msKMnY, gbmvi cwZgv
vcb, AvPgb, Pz`vb cfwZ wewa AbymiY KiZ nq| G QvovI gbmvc~Rvi gbmvi avb, Avevnb g
cvV Ges c~RvgcvV KiZ nq| AZtci gbmvèxK mvbg cvV Ki mvb KivZ nq Ges A bvMg
cvVi gvag èxi c~Rv Avi KiZ nq Ges kl cycvwj I cYvggi gvag c~Rv mgvcb KiZ nq|
mekl mvaviYZ èx cwZgvK wemRb Ìqv nq|
50
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cvV 5 I 6 : gbmvèxi cYvgg I gbmvc~Rvi wkv I cfve

gbmvèxi cYvgg
AwKm gybgvZv fwMbx-evmyK_v|
RMrKviygybt cZx gbmvèx bgvnZ \
mijv_
AvwK gywbi gvZv, bvMivR evmyKxi fMx, RiZKviy gywbi cZx gbmvèxK cYvg Kwi|
gbmvèxi cfve I iyZ
gbmvèxi c~Rv Kij mvci fq _vK bv| gbmvèxi gvnvZ wbq AbK DcvLvb iwPZ nqQ| GmKj
DcvLvb gbmvèxK c~Rv bv Kivi fqven cwiYvg Ges c~Rv Kivi mydj ewYZ nqQ| gbmvèxi c~Rvi mgq
GmKj DcvLvb kvbvbv nq| Gic DcvLvb Aej^b AbK cvjvMvbI iPbv Kiv nqQ| gbmvi fvmvb
GiKg GKwU cvjvMvb| G QvovI gbmvc~Rvi gvag wn`yagvej^xì ga wewfb mvc mK aviYv MnYi
mycvZ NU| welai mvci cKvc _K iv cvIqvi Rb wewfb c`c MnY Kiv nq| dj mc`skbi NUbv
Kg msMwVZ nq _vK| G-c~Rvi g~j wkv njv mcK ekxf~ZKiYi Kkj Avq Kiv hvi gvag kyK
myc_ wdwiq Gb mgvR kvw cwZv Kiv|
GKK KvR : gbmvèxi c~Rvi mydjjv jL|
bZzb k : cRwjZ, RM`&Mix, bvMcgx, Kv`y|
cvV 7 I 8 : bvivqY èi cwiPq I c~Rv cwZ

bvivqY èi cwiPq
wezi mnmbvg Abymvi fMevb wezi 245Zg bvg bvivqY| wn`yag Abymvi bvivqY cie, cigvZv,
cigki bvg cwiwPZ| bviv ki A_ gvbyl Ges Aqb
(Ayana ) ki A_ Avkq| myZivs bvivqY ki A_ nPQ
mKj Rxei Rb Avkqj| kxg`&&fe`&&MxZv I cyivY
Abymvi èZv bivqYK mek èZv wnme AwfwnZ Kiv
nqQ|
bvivqY èi eYbv

wn`yagM Abymvi fMevb wez kvgeY| Zuvi Pvi nvZ
we`gvb Ges Pvi nvZ Pvi aibi e iqQ| GK nvZ
iqQ c, GKnvZ kL, GK nvZ P Ges Avi GK nvZ
iqQ M`v| kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZv Abymvi wZwb wekic
è-èx I c~Rv-cveY
51
(Vishvarup)| Zuvi mnawgYxi bvg èx jx| bvivqYB wey ev nwi| wZwb G-weki cvjbKZv| Zuvi evnb
Miyo|
bvivqY c~Rvi Dk : fMevb bvivqY mKj Rxei Avkqj| bvivqY c~Rvi gyL Dk njv èZv
bvivqYi Avkxev` jvf Kiv Ges bvivqYi Kcvq cvwievwiK myL-kvw ARb Kiv|
mgqKvj : h-Kvbv mgq ev gvm bvivqY c~Rv Kiv qvq| ekvL gvm bvivqY c~Rvi cPjb AwaK j Kiv
hvq|
c~RvcwZ
cwZgvic, kvjMvg wkjvic, Zvgcv ev Rj bvivqY c~Rv Kiv nq| kvjMvg wkjv GKcKvi mvgyw`K Rxevk
hv fviZi MKx b`xi Zxi kvjMvg bvgK Mvg cvIqv hvq| GB RxevkwU Mvj, Kvjv isOi nq _vK| GB
wkjvK bvivqY PI ejv nq| bvivqY c~Rvq Abvb c~Rvi gZvB mvaviY c~Rvwewa AbymiY KiZ nq| Zvici
weklfve wbavwiZ g bvivqYi c~Rv Kiv nq| mvaviYZ bvivqY c~Rvi Rb mv`v dzji cqvRb nq|
ZzjmxcvZv bvivqYi wcq|
cvV 9 I 10 : bvivqYi cYvgg I bvivqY c~Rvi wkv I cfve

bvivqYi cYvg g
Iu bgv evYèvq MvevYwnZvq P|
RMwZvq Kvq Mvwe`vq bgv bgt |
mijv_ : bvivqY evYè| wZwb K, wZwb Mvwe`| wZwb cw_ex, evY I RMZi wnZmvab Kib| ZuvK
evievi bgvi RvbvB|
bvivqY c~Rvi wkv I cfve

bvivqY cvjbi èZv| ZvB bvivqY èi KvQ _K Avgiv Avgvì mvbmwZ Z_v mKj RxeK `vwqZi
m cvjb Kivi wkv cvB| bvivqY è `yi `gb Kib| AvgivI cqvRb `yi `gb Kie, G-wkvI
bvivqY c~Rvi ga w`q Avgiv jvf Kwi|
bvivqYK iY Kij cvc `~ixf~Z nq| `q cwe nq| gb kwi mvi nq| bvivqY Avgvì cwZcvjbKvix
èZv| wZwb Avgvì `ni ga AvZvi~c weivR KiQb| bvivqY c~Rvi gvag fiv fMevb bvivqYi
Avkxev` jvf Ki _vKb| Zuvi Avkxev` fì `bw`b RxebK myL I mgwZ fi ZzjZ mnvqK fywgKv
cvjb Ki _vK| bvivqY c~Rvi dj gvbyli ga kvw cwZwZ nq| fMY kvwi Rb cig kvfi
fMevb bvivqYi Dcvmbv Kib Ges Zuvi gwngv KxZb Kib|
GKK KvR : bvivqY c~Rvi cuvPwU cfve jL|
bZzb k : kvjMvg wkjv, MKx, Rxevk, Zvcv|
52
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cvV 11 I 12 : kwbèi cwiPq I c~RvcwZ

kwbèi cwiPq
wn`yag Abvb èZvi gZv kwbèI GKRb Dcvm
èZv| kwb èZv m~h I Qvqvi cy| wZwb beMni
AbZg| Rxeb Pjvi hmKj evavwecw NU,
kwbè Zv `~i Ki _vKb| ZvB wn`y agvej^xiv
wbRìK evavwecwi nvZ _K iv cvIqvi Rb
kwbi c~Rv Ki _vKb|
kwbèi eYbv
kwbi Mvqi is Kvjv Ges Kvjv cvkvK cwiwnZ| Zuvi nvZ Zievwi, Zxi, Lo&M `Lv hvq Ges KvK Zvui
evnb|
kwbèi c~Rv
mgqKvj : kwb èZvi bvg Abymvi kwbevi kwbi c~Rv Kiv nq|
kwb c~Rvi Dk : G-c~Rv Kivi Dk njv kwb èZvK my ivLv, wewfb aibi ivM-cxov _K gy
_vKv Ges gb kvw eRvq ivLv|
kwbèi c~RvcwZ
mvaviYZ c~Rv gwì ev cvwievwiK chvq m~hv kwbc~Rvi AvqvRb Kiv nq| c~Rv AvqvRbi Abvb
c~Rvi gZv mKj aibi cweZv I wewa AbymiY Kiv nq| cvwievwiK chvq kwbc~Rv AvqvRbi evwoi
AvwObvK eQ bIqv nq Ges kwbèi cuvPvwj co kwbc~Rv Kiv nq| gcvVi gvagI kwbc~Rv Kiv nq
_vK| mvaviYZ Mni Afi kwbc~Rv Kiv nq bv Ges cvov-cwZekxìK c~Rv Abyvb hvM`vbi Rb
AvgY KiZ nq| kwbc~Rvq kwbi fvM wnme cuvP cKvii FZzwfwK dj Ges cuvP iKgi dzj wbe`b
Kiv nq| Kvbv Kvbv Aj cmv` wnme wLPzwo, `ya, wPwb, evZvmv, Kjv, o, wgvb I gq`vi djvi
AvqvRb Kiv nq| wLPzwo cZi gyMi Wvj eenvi KiZ nq| G QvovI c~Rvi DcKiY wnme cvbmycvwi, gayi evwU, gvlKjvB, Kvjv wZj, ewb ev Kvjv iOi dyji cqvRb nq| kwbc~Rvkl cmv` weZiY
Kiv nq|
cvV 13 I 14 : kwbèi c~Rvi cYvg g I kwbc~Rvi wkv I cfve

kwbèi cYvg g
Iu bxjvbPqcLs iwem~Z-gnvMng&& |
Qvqvqv Mfm~Zs Zs bgvwg kbig&&\
è-èx I c~Rv-cveY
53
mijv_
Zvgvi `n KeY, Zzwg m~hèZvi cy, Qvqvi Mf Zvgvi Rb, Zzwg Avgvi cYvg MnY Kiv|
kwbèZvi wkv I cfve

kwbèi c~Rv Kij Avgvì Avc`-wec` `~i nq| Avgvì `vwqZnxbZv, AcweZv I cvci KviY kwbè
Lye iy nb| ZLb Avgiv K cvB| Ki ga w`q Avgvì Dcjw NU| Avgiv ZLb `vwqZkxjZv I
cweZvi cwZ gbvhvMx nB| gv hgb mvbK Mfxi fvjvevmv mI mskvabi Rb kvw `b, Zgwb
kwbèI KLbI KLbI Avgvì K w`q mskvab Kib Ges Aagi c_ _K agc_ wdwiq Avbb| ZvB
cwZ mvn kwbevi kwbc~Rv Kiv wn`yì GKwU wbqwgZ agKZ|
`jxq KvR : kwbèi c~Rvq eeZ DcPvii GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|
bZzb k : beMn, cuvPvwj, KeY|
Abykxjbx
k~bvb c~iY Ki :
1. mvaviYZ Mni .................. kwbc~Rv Kiv hvq bv|
2. c~RvmvgMxK ..................... ev .................... ej|
3. ............... vcb KivK c~Rv ej|
4. kL ................. c~Rv DcKiY|
5. ................. _K mvKvi i~c jvf KiQ ej Gi bvg gbmv|

evg cvk
Wvb cvk
1. cveY ki A_
gnvwekK wb`k Ki
2. bvivqYi cwZKwZ
cw_exK wb`k Ki
3. Kjmi mePq PIov Ask
kwb èZv
4. AvgcvZv I bvwiKj
Drme
5. m~h I Qvqvi cy
kvjMvg wkjv
54
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
wbPi ckjvi msw Di `vI :

1. è-èxi c~Rv Kb Kiv nq evLv Ki|
2. be` ejZ Kx evS ?
3. bvivqY c~Rvi wZbwU mydj evLv Ki|
4. kvjMvg wkjv Kx ?
5. kwbèi c~Rvq Kx Kx DcKiY eenvi Kiv nq evLv Ki|
wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :

1. mgvRRxeb bvivqY c~Rvi iyZ evLv Ki|
2. è-èxi c~Rvq wewfb DcPvi eenvii cqvRbxqZv evLv Ki Gi GKwU ZvwjKv cZ Ki|
3. cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxeb gbmvc~Rvi cfve weklY Ki|
ewbevPwb ck :
1. gbmv c~Rv Kiv nq Kvb wZw_Z ?
K. kxcgx
L. bvM cgx
M. Kv qv`kx
N. Kv Agx
2. è-èxi c~Rvq DcPvi wbe`bi Zvrch njv

i.
c~RvK Avb``vqK Kiv
ii. gbi GKvMZv ew Kiv

iii. wewamZ c~Rv mgvcb Kiv
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. ii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii

AiYxi gv kvixwiK Amy _vKvq kwbevi mvq AiYxK c~Rvwewa bv RbB evwoi DVvb kwb c~Rvi AvqvRb
KiZ nq| c~Rvi Dk AiYx Pvi iKgi dzj I dj msMn Ki| cieZx mgq wewfb DcPvi mnhvM
c~Rvi cuvPvwj co c~Rv mb Ki DcwZ mKji ga cmv` weZiY Ki| wKy c~RvwU wewamZfve nqQ
wKbv G wbq AiYxi gb mskq _K hvq Ges m gvbwmK AkvwZ fvM|
è-èx I c~Rv-cveY
55
3. c~Rvwewa Abymvi kwbc~Rvq AiYxi KZ iKgi dzj I dj wbe`bi cqvRb wQj ?

K. `yB
L. wZb
M. Pvi
N. cuvP
4. AiYxi gvbwmK i KviYjv njv

i.
`vwqZnxbZv
ii. wUgyfve c~Rv mb bv Kiv

iii. kwbè iy nZ cvib GB fvebv|
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. i I ii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
mRbkxj ck :
Zbqì evwoZ cwZeQi gbmvc~Rvi AvqvRb Kiv nq| G-c~RvK K` Ki GjvKvi cwZ evwoZB
Pj Drme I cvwievwiK bvbv AvqvRb| cyivwnZ msw DcPvi wbe`b c~RvcwZi GK chvq
ckyewj`vb Kib Ges c~Rv mb Kib| ewj`vb Zbqi gb bvbv cki Rb `q, Kb RxenZv, Kx
Zvi wkv? G-mgvRRxeb G-c~Rvq kvwi c_ Kx ?
K. Kvb èxK mcKzji Rbbx ejv nq ?
L. c~Rvq DcPvi wbe`bi cqvRbxqZv evLv Ki|
M. cyivwnZ Kxfve gbmvc~Rv mb Kib ? Zvgvi cwVZ c~Rvwewai AvjvK evLv Ki|
N. Zbqi gbi ckjvi mgvavb D c~Rvi AvjvK weklY Ki|
l Aavq

bxwZ ev bwZKZv agi A Ges bxwZ-mwKZ wkvK bwZK wkv ej| hZ wkvB MnY Kiv nvK bv
Kb, hw` bwZKZv Mo bv IV, m-wkv g~jnxb|
wn`yagwelqK Mmg~n DcvLvbi ga w`qI bwZK wkv c`vb Kiv nqQ| G-Aavq Avgiv `kcg I
bwZK Yi aviYv D welq agxq DcvLvb Ges ew, mgvR I ivxq Rxeb `kcg I Aaemvqi iyZ
mK AvjvPbv Rvbe|
G-Aavqkl Avgiv
`kcg I Aaemvq aviYv `ywU evLv KiZ cvie
agM _K `kcg I Aaemvqi `vg~jK DcvLvb eYbv KiZ cvie
DcvLvb ewYZ NUbvi wkv evLv KiZ cvie
ew, mgvR I ivxq Rxeb `kcg I Aaemvqi iyZ evLv KiZ cvie
`kcg I Aaemvqi iyZ Dcjw Ki wbR AvPiY Zvi cwZdjb NUvZ cvie|
57
cvV 1 : `kcg
`kcg ejZ evSvq `ki cwZ fvjvevmv| gvbyl h-`k RbMnY Ki, Zvi gvwU-Rj-Avjv-evZvm Zvi
`nK cy Ki, ZvK euvwPq ivL| eo nq gvbyl Zvi gvZf~wgi cwZ ggZv Abyfe Ki| gvZf~wgi cwZ GB
ggZevaB `kcg| `k I RvwZi gji Rb wbRK DrmM Kivi bvgB `kcg| `kcg agi A|
agM ejv nqQ Rbbx Rbf~wg ^Mv`wc Mixqmx| A_vr Rbbx I Rbf~wg ^Mi PqI eo| ZvB whwb
`kcwgK, wZwb `ki ^v_K ew^v_i Ea vb `b| wZwb memgq `k I `kevmxi KjvYi Rb KvR
Ki _vKb| `ki Kvbv wec` `kcwgK KLbv bxie _vKZ cvib bv| wbRi Rxebi wewbgqI wZwb
m-wec` Suvwcq cob| `ki gji Rb cqvRb nj wbRi Rxeb wemRb w`ZI waveva Kib bv|
`kcg gvbe Rxebi GKwU gnr Y| cw_exZ hZ gnvcyiyl Rb MnY KiQb, mKjB wQjb `kcwgK|
civwYK hyM Rbv, we`yjv, KvZexhvRyb cgyL `kcgi cwiPq w`qQb| GKvj G-gnv`k gnvZv Mvx,
zwìvg, gvvi`v m~hmb, cxwZjZv, ivwb ivmgwY, wPib `vm, evNv hZxb, iwdK, mvjvg, eiKZ, Revi,
eez kL gywReyi ingvb, Rvnvbviv Bgvgmn AviI AbKi bvg Kiv hvq, huviv `kcgi cwiPq w`qQb|
`k I RvwZi Rb Zuvì Ae`vb ^Yvi BwZnvmi cvZvq jLv AvQ| gvbyl Zuvì iY Ki, Zuvì
c`wkZ c_ PjZ Pv Ki|
GKK KvR : Zvgvi Rvbv GKRb `kcwgKi Ae`vb mK cuvPwU evK jL|
bZzb k : ggZeva, ^Mv`wc, Mixqmx, wemRb, ^Yvi, c`wkZ|
cvV 2 I 3 : KvZexhvRybi `kcg

cvPxbKvj Pèskxq GK ivRv wQjb| Zuvi bvg KvZexhvRyb| wZwb wQjb hgb KZecivqY, Zgwb exi I
`kcwgK| ivRKvhi Kvw `~i Kivi Rb wZwb GKevi ivRavbxi evBi AeKvk hvcb KiwQjb|
Pii gyL G-Lei cq jvi ivRv iveY myhvM eyS Zuvi ivR AvgY Kijb| KvZexhvRybi GK
mbvbvqKi bZZ Nvi hy iy njv| GiB ga msev` cuQvbv njv gnvivR KvZxexhRybi KvQ| b
gnvivR va Avbi gZv Rj DVjb :
Kx ! Avgvi ivR Avv! Avgvi gvZf~wg kyi welv wbkvm wech ! Avwg GLbB hy hve|
GK_v fe ivRv KvZexhvRyb AeKvk hvcb wMZ Ki mvRv hy Pj Mjb| `viyY hy iy njv|
GKc AvgYKvix| AviKc Avv, wK `kcg Dy| civwRZ nj `k ne civaxb| ZvB mbMY
KvZexhvRybi bZZ cvYcY hy Kij| Aekl Rq njv KvZexhvRybi| iveY civwRZ nq ew` njb
KvZexhvRybi nvZ| ^M GB evZv cuQ Mj| K_vUv gnvgywb cyji Kvb Mj| G-mgq wZwb ^MjvK
wQjb| iveY cyji bvwZ| ZvB Zuvi Lye `ytL njv| wZwb ^M _K Pj Gjb KvZexhvRybi ivRmfvq|
58
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
KvZexhvRyb gnvgywb cyjZK `L h_vhvM ghv`v w`q ejjb, wK mfvM Avgvi, gN bv PvBZB Rj
GB ej wZwb cyjK mvv cYvg Kijb|
KvZexhvRybi cwZ my nq cyjZgywb ejjb, Zzwg èZvì wcq| wfyeb Zvgvi hkKxZb gyLwiZ|
iveY Avgvi bvwZ| ZvK civwRZ Ki Zzwg ew` Ki KvivMvi iLQ| Avwg Zvi gyw PvB, erm|
KxZexhvRyb ejjb, iveY Avgvi ivR AvgY KiwQj| Avgvi `kcwgK hvviv ZvK cwZnZ KiQ|
b cyj ejjb, Zvgvi Mfxi `kcg Avi exiZi KvQ iveY civwRZ nqQ|
KvZexhvRyb ejjb, Avcwb cig kq| Avcwb hLb iveYi gyw PvBjb, ZLb ZvK gyw w`q Avwg ab
nZ PvB|
iveY gyw cjb|
iveY Zuvi Aciva ^xKvi Kijb Ges AebZ gK ùvwoq iBjb|
cyj ejjb, Zvgvì Dfqi KjvY nvK|
cyji gvag AwMmvx Ki KvZexhvRybi mv_ iveYi gx vwcZ njv| cyj we`vq PvBjb Zuvì
KvQ| KvZexhvRyb Avi iveY mvv cYvg Ki we`vq Rvbvjb gnvgywb cyjK|
cyj Pj Mjb ^M| iveY wdi Mjb Zuvi wbRi ivR|
59
KvZexhvRyb Pq iBjb Zuvì Mgbc_i w`K| Zuvi PvL coj kvgj cvi| GB Zvui `k, Zuvi ^vaxb
ivR| Avb`-AveM fi DVj KvZexhvRybi `q|
DcvLvbi wkv : `ki ^vaxbZvi Rb ^v_ZvM Ki hviv hy Ki, Zuviv `kcwgK|
`jxq KvR : KvZexhvRybi `kcg DcvLvbi wkvi cvqvwMK w`K wPwZ Ki|
bZzb k : KvZexhvRyb, Pi, AeKvk, Dy, evZv, cyj, mvv|
cvV 4 : mgvR I ivxq Rxeb `kcgi iyZ

`kcg agi A| `kcg Dy gvbyl `k I mgvRi gji Rb wbRi ^v_eywi Dci DV cii
wnZv_ KvR Kib| GUvB Zuvi Rxebi eZ| `kcg Dy nq gvbyl Zvi ab-Rb GgbwK Rxeb ch
DrmM KiZ waveva Kib bv| `ki hLb msKUKvj DcwZ nq, hLb `k ewntky viv Avv nq,
`ki ^vaxbZv nq wech, hLb civaxbZv gvbylK kLwjZ KiZ Pvq, hLb we`wk kvmKi iPz `k I
RvwZK asmi gyL Vj `q, ZLbB gvbyl `kcgi AwMg `xv wbq `ki Rb, `ki gvbyli Rb
Suvwcq cob Ges `ki ghv`v ivq AKvZi Rxeb wemRb `b|
^vaxbZv msMg I RvZxqZveva njv `kcgi cavb Drm| ^vaxbZvi Rb KZ exii AvZewj`vb ^`ki
gvwU nq i ivOv| 1971 mb evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv msMvgi BwZnvm Zv `kcgiB GK Rj `v|
`kcgi AwMgB j j evOvwjK Zvì Rxeb DrmM KiZ Dy KiwQj|
^`ki h-Kvbv Mie `kcwgKgvB Meeva Kib| Zgwb `ki `yw`b ev Lvivc mgq kwZ wP
DM cKvk Kib Ges wbtkZ AvZZvM KiZI KzwZ nb bv| `ki ^vaxbZv I mvefgZ ivq wbwavq
RxebK DrmM Kib| hyM hyM `kcwgKiv `ki Rb, mgvRi gji Rb wbRì Rxeb DrmM
Kivi weij `v vcb Ki MQb| wn`yag M `kcgK AZ iyZ c`vb Kiv nqQ|
ay ewntkyi AvgY _K `kK iv KivB bq, `ki gji Rb KvR KivI `kcg| `ki m`
iv KivI `kcg| `ki DbwZi Rb `vwqZ I KZe cvjb Kivi ga w`qI `kcgi cKvk NU| iv
hvZ mwVKfve kLjvi ga w`q cwiPvwjZ nq, mRb hvM bvMwiK wnme `kcwgK ewj f~wgKv cvjb
Kib| wbRi `ki KjvYi RbB ` bvMwiK wnme wbRK Mo ZzjZ nq| Kej wbRi ev wbRi
cwievii ^v_ `LjB Pj bv, mgvR I ivi KjvYi K_vI fveZ nq| mgvR Z_v ivi Dbqbi Rb
m`v mP _vKZ nq| Gi bvgI `kcg| ZvM I wZwZvi ga w`q `kcg bvgK bwZK YwU ARb
KiZ nq|
`kcg gvbylK D`vi Ki, `ki gvbylK fvjvevmZ Dy Ki, AvZmyL wemRb Ìqvi ciYv `vb
Ki| `kcg gbylZi cwiPvqK| hvi ga `kcg bB ZvK h_v_ gvbyl ejv hvq bv| AvZKw`K gvbyl
mvaviYZ `kcwgK nq bv| `kcwgK `ki m`, `ki ^v_, `ki ghv`v cfwZK wbRi m`,
wbRi ^v_ I wbRi ghv`v ej gb Kib| ZvB `ki Rb, `ki gvbyli Rb, `ki ghv`vivq
AvZvrmM KiZI wcQcv nb bv| `ki ghv`v iv KiZ hy kwn` nj Aq ^M jvf nq|
60
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
civaxbZv ewK kLwjZ Ki ivL| mgvRi AMMwZ ZvZ evnZ nq| ivxq KgKv civaxb ewi Kvbv
f~wgKv _vK bv| ZvB ivxq Rxeb `kcgi f~wgKv AZ iyZc~Y|
myZivs Avgiv `kcwgK ne Ges `ki Rb mevP ZvM ^xKvi KiZ cZ _vKe| `ki Rb, `ki
gvbyli gji Rb wbRi Rxeb DrmM KiZI KzwZ ne bv|
bZzb k : wnZv_, DrmM, kLwjZ, AvZewj`vb, wcQcv|
cvV 5 : Aaemvq
Kvbv j ARb wekl hZmnKvi KVvi mvabvi ga w`q evievi Pv Kivi bvgB Aaemvq| Aaemvq
nQ KwZcq Yi mgw| Pv, D`vM, AvwiKZv, cwikg, ah, mwnzZv, GKvMZv BZvw` Yi mg^q
Aaemvq bvgK bwZK YwU Mo IV| mr msKK eve ic`vbi Rb KVvi cwikg Avi ahi ga w`q
CwZ j cuQvbvi gaB Aaemvqi mv_KZv wbwnZ| Aaemvqi YB gvbyl eo nq| Amva mvab
KiZ cvi| Aaemvq agiI A| agM AaemvqK GKwU wekl PvwiwK ewk wnme MY Kiv
nqQ|
QvRxeb Aaemvqi iyZ mevwaK| QvRxeb Avi Aaemvq GKB m~ Muv_v| we`vRbi c_ KzmygvxY bq|
Ajm, KgwegyL I nZvk wkv_x KLbI we`vjvf mdjZv ARb KiZ cvi bv| GKRb Aaemvqx wkv_x
A gavmb njI Zvi c mvdj ARb Kiv KwVb bq| KvRB AKZKvh wkv_xK nZvk bv nq cybivq
wY Drmvn wbq Aaemvq gbvwbek Kiv DwPZ| h-ew Aaemvqx bq, m Rxebi Kvbv mvaviY KvRI
mdjZv jvf KiZ cvi bv| Rxebi mdjZv Ges wedjZv AbKvsk Aaemvqi DciB wbfi Ki| gb
ivLZ ne RxebmsMvg mvdjjvfi g~jg nQ Aaemvq| ay Aaemvqi ejB iex`bv_ VvKzi,
RM`xkP` emy, KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg, bcvwjqvb evbvcvU, ievU em cgyL gbxlx RMZ weLvZ nqQb|
ZvB Avgvì mKjiB DwPZ Aaemvqi gZv gnr YwUK Avq Kiv|
`jxq KvR : Aaemvq YwUi cfve wjL GKwU cvvi Zwi Ki|
bZzb k : mwnzZv, gbvwbek, KzmygvxY|
cvV 6 : Aaemvqx GKje

AbKKvj AvMi K_v| ZLb nwbvcyii KvQ GK Mfxi AiY wQj| mLvb evm KiZb wblv`ì ivRv
wniYaby| Zuvi cy GKje|
Zuvi BPQ njv, nwZbvcyi bMi wMq Aiy `vYvPvhi KvQ _K Awe`v wkLeb|
61
m-mgq nwbvcyii ivRv wQjb aZiv| hywawi, fxg, ARyb, bKzj, mnè cgyL cvycyMY Ges `yhvab,
`ytkvmbmn aZivi Abvb cyMYK Awe`v wkv w`Zb `vYvPvh| aZivi cyì ejv nq Kie Avi
cvyi cyì ejv nq cve|
GKw`b `vYvPvh Kziy-cveì Awkv w`PQb| Ggb mgq mLvb GKje Gm DcwZ njb| Zuvi Kuva
abyK, nvZ Zxi, gv_vq cvwLi cvjK, cib ej| wZwb `vYvPvhK mvv cYvg Ki ejjb, iyè, Avwg
Avcbvi wbKU Awe`v wkLZ PvB|
`vYvPvh Zvi w`K ZvwKq ejjb, Zvgvi cwiPq Kx?
GKje ejjb, Avwg wblv` eskxq| jvK Avgvì eva ej| GLvb _K `~i AiY Avgvi evm|
`vYvPvh ejjb, erm, GLvb Avwg ay ivRcyì Awe`v wkv w`q _vwK| ZvgvK Awe`v wkv
Ìqv me bq|
GK_v b GKje fxlYfve `ytwLZ I ggvnZ njb| gbi `ytL wZwb eb wdi Mjb| Mfxi eb cek
Ki GKje jZv-cvZv w`q GKwU KzwUi wbgvY Kijb| Zvici wZwb gvwU w`q `vYvPvhi GKwU g~wZ wbgvY
Kijb| `vYvPvhK gb gb iy gb Zuvi g~wZi myL wZwb Anwbk Zxi-abyK wbq Awe`v wkv KiZ
jvMjb| KVvi Aaemvq, wbijm cwikg Avi gvMZ Abykxjbi viv wZwb abywe`vi cvq mKj cKvi
KjvKkj Avq Ki djjb|
G-mgq GKw`b Aiy `vYvPvh Kziy-cveì wbq Zuvì Awe`v wkvi cixv wbZ Mfxi eb
Mjb| mLvb QvDwb dj Aevb KiQb| Zuvì mv_ GKwU cwkYcv KzKzi wQj| AcwiwPZ KvDK
`LjB KzKziwU DPî NDND k Ki wPrKvi KiZ|
KvKZvjxqfve wkweii A `~iB wQj GKjei mvabvi vb| GKje Mfxi gbvwbek Awe`v wkvq
e| Ggb mgq KzKziwU mLvb Gm DPPî NDND Ki wPrKvi KiZ jvMj| GKjei mvabv fO
Mj| wZwb mvZwU evY wbc Ki KzKziwUi gyL e Ki w`jb| m-Aevq KzKziwU `vYvPvhi QvDwbZ
wdi Mj| ZLb DcwZ mKjB j Kijb KzKiz wU Avi k KiQ bv| hywawi KyKziwUi gyL cixv Ki
`Ljb KD evY wbc Ki KzKziwUK Ki w`qQ| Zuviv mKjB wewZ njb| KzKziwUi cQb cQb
Zuviv cuQ Mjb GKjei KvQ Ges wdi Gm Zuvi K_v `vYvPvhK Rvbvjb| `vYvPvhI wewZ njb|
wZwb wPv Kijb, abywe`vi G-Kkj wZwb Qvov Avi KD Rvbb bv| A_P KzKziwUK mB KkjB Avv
Kiv nqQ|
62
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
wZwb ARybK m wbq QvDwb _K ewiq cojb| GKjei KzwUii myL Gm `Ljb, GK eva hyeK
GKvMgb Aaemvqi mv_ Zxi-abyK wbq Abykxjb KiQb| Zuvi myL `vYvPvhi gvwUi g~wZ| `vYvPvhi
DcwwZ Ui cq GKje Zuvi Zxi-abyK gvwUZ iL DV Gjb iy `vYvPvhi KvQ| ZuvK mvv cYvg
Ki GKje ejjb, iyè, Avwg Avcbvi wkl| Av`k Kiyb, Avwg Avcbvi Rb Kx KiZ cvwi|
`vYvPvh ZuvK ejjb, erm, Zzwg G-we`v Kv_v _K wkLQ?
GKje Avb e`b ejjb, Avwg AvcbvK gb gb iyc` eiY Ki Avcbvi GB g~wZ mvgb iL Avcbvi
KvQ _KB GmKj KjvKkj wkv KiwQ wbRi Aaemvq Avi wbijm cPvi gvag|
`vYvPvh wewZ njb| cveiv wewZ nq gbgyL ùvwoq iBjb|
Kvbv Aiyi KvQ bv wkL wbR wbR Mfxi Aaemvq Ggb Awe`vwkv mnR K_v bq|
DcvLvbi wkv : Aaemvq viv mvdj ARb Kiv hvq|
GKK KvR : Aaemvqi wkv Zvgiv eve Rxeb cqvM Ki `LvI|
bZzb k : GKje, `vYvPvh, wniYaby, wbijm, |
63
cvV 7 : ew, mgvR I ivxq Rxeb Aaemvqi iyZ

ew, mgvR I ivxq Rxebi Rb Aaemvq GKwU AweQ` bwZK Y|
ewRxeb Aaemvqi iyZ Acwimxg| Aaemvq Qvov wkv AvZ nq bv| ZvB Pwi MVb Aaemvq AZ
cqvRbxq|
gvbyl mgvRefve evm Ki| mgvRi cwZ Zvi ek wKQy `vwqZ I KZe iqQ| mgvRi mKjB hw` ^ ^
`vwqZ I KZe cvjb Ki Zvnj mgvR I iv Kvbv nvbvnvwb _vKe bv, _vKe bv Kvbv wekLj
cwiwwZ| wK gyL ejjB wbR `vwqZ I KZe cvjb Kiv nq bv| Gi Rb PvB KvRi cwZ GKvMZv, ah,
`vwqZkxjZv I KZecivqY gbvfve| Avi G-Yvewji mg^q h wekl bwZK Y gvbyli ga RvMZ nq
ZvK ej Aaemvq| AaemvqB gvbylK DbwZi wkLi AvivnY KiZ mvnvh Ki| Aaemvqi YB gvbyl
AbK Amva mvab KiQ| Aaemvq Qvov KD KLbv DbwZ KiZ cvi bv, Kvbv RvwZ Zvi KvwZ j
cuQvZ cvi bv|
mfZvi wkLi AwawZ AvRKi wek gvbyli my`xN w`bi Aaemvqi cwiYwZ| eZgvb mfZvi mMie
BwZnvm wbii Aaemvqi BwZnvm| gbxlxMY mviv Rxeb mvabv Ki gvbemfZvi DrKl mvab KiQb|
gvbyli Aaemvq bv _vKj mfZvi AMMwZ nZ bv|
Aaemvqi h_v_ KvhKvwiZvi RbB Rxebi c_ mKj evav AwZg Kiv gvbyli c meci nqQ|
gvbyli Rxeb h wPivqZ msMvgx kw wbwnZ AvQ, Zvi ewntcKvkB nQ Aaemvq| GB AaemvqB gvbylK
Ki Zvj msMvgx, D`vMx, Avi KZecivqY| wbRi AmnvqZ Dcv Ki Aaemvqi cqvM gvbyl nq
^wbfi|
Aaemvq GKwU gnr Y| RvZxq Rxeb ghv`vevb nq IV Aaemvqi GB gnr Y| RvwZi cwZwU gvbyl hw`
cKZ Aaemvqx nq IV Zvnj m-RvwZ AekB mybvg I Miei AwaKvix nq DVe|
h-RvwZ hZ ewk Aaemvqx m-RvwZ ZZ ewk DbZ| ivxq Rxeb Mie I mvdj Avbqbi Rb ivi
mKj bvMwiKK Aaemvqx nZ nq| hmKj ivbvqK, agmsviK, evwbK, mvwnwZK, mgvRmsviK
Rxeb mvdj jvf KiQb Zuviv mKjB wQjb Aaemvqx|
ay wbRi Rxeb mvdj jvf KijB Pje bv| ewMZ Rxebi mxgvbv AwZg Ki RvZxq RxebK
gwngvw^Z Ki Zvjvi RbI AbeiZ mvabv Ki hZ ne| ZvB mgvR Z_v ivxq RxebK wekmfvq
MieRbK Avmb cwZwZ KiZ nj Avgvì mKjKB Aaemvqx nZ ne| myZivs ewRxeb,
mgvRRxeb I ivxq Rxeb Aaemvq AZ iyZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki|
`jxq KvR : ew, mgvR I ivxq Rxeb Aaemqi cfve wPwZ Ki|
bZzb k : AweQ`, DrKl, wPivqZ, civaxbZv, agmsviK, gwngvw^Z|
64
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
Abykxjbx
k~bvb c~iY Ki :
1. Rbbx I Rbf~wg ................ PqI eo|
2. AvZKw`K gvbyl mvaviYZ .................... nq bv|
3. KvZexhvRyb GKevi ivRavbxi evBi ................ hvcb KiwQjb|
4. Aaemvq nQ KwZcq ..................... mgw|
5. GKjei BQ njv .................... KvQ _K Awe`v kLvi|

evg cvk
Wvb cvk
1. ^`ki Mie `kcwgK gvB
GKB m~ Muv_v
2. Pèskxq GK ivRv
mfZvi AMMwZ nZv bv
3. QvRxeb Avi Aaemvq
ivR AvgY Kijb
4. Aaemvq bv _vKj
Meeva Ki
KvZexhvRyb

1. `kcg Kxfve cKvk cvq ? `vmn evLv Ki|
2. `kcg GKwU gnr Y evLv Ki|
3. GKje Kxfve abywe`v Avq Kijb ? evLv Ki|
4. GKjei DcvLvbwU co Zzwg Kx wkv cj ? evLv Ki|
wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :

1. KvZexhvRybi `kcg g~jvqb Ki|
2. mgvR I ivxq Rxeb `kcgi Zvrch weklY Ki|
3. Rxeb mvdjjvfi g~jg Aaemvq DwwU weklY Ki|
4. mgvR I ivxq Rxeb Aaemvqi iyZ evLv Ki|
65
ewbevPwb ck :
1. iveY Kvb gywbi bvwZ ?
K. Kvkc
L. cyj
M. Peb
N. `yevmv
2. wblv`ì ivRv wQjb K ?

K. wniYv
L. wniYKwkcy
M. wniYaby
N. wniYgby
3. `kcg ejZ evSvq

i.
gvZf~wgi cwZ ggZeva
ii. ew^v_K iyZ Ìqv

iii. RvwZi gji Rb wbRK DrmM Kiv
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i I ii
L. i I iii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii

kvgj 1971 mb Ag kwYi Qv wQjb| hLb 25k gvP KvjivZ cvK nvbv`vi evwnbx wbiciva Nyg
gvbyli Dci Suvwcq co Ges wbwePvi nZv Ki ZLb wZwb gywhy hvM `b| wKy ^vaxb nIqvi
gvmLvbK c~eB GK myLhy wZwb kwn` nb|
4. kvgji PvwiwK ewk Kvb bwZK YwU dzU DVQ ?
K. `qv
L. mZZv
M. `kcg
N. Aaemvq
5. kvgji AvZZvMi ggv_ njv

i.
^`kK fvjvevmv
ii. gvZf~wgi cwZ ggZeva

iii. civaxbZvi Mvwb _K gywjvf
66
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?

K. i I ii
L. i I iii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
mRbkxj ck :
mywcqv evievi GBPGmwm cixv w`qI cvk KiZ bv ci nZvk nq co| GKw`b m Zvi evexi
mv_ Avjvc cm Zvi nZvkvi K_v e Ki| evex ZvK civgki Qj ej, GKevi bv cvwij
`L kZevi| K_vwU mywcqvi gb Mfxi `vM KvU Ges m mewKQz fyj c~Yv`g covjLv KiZ _vK|
G-eQi m cixvq cvk Ki| G-mdjZvq Zvi Rxebi gvo Nyi hvq|
K. aZivi cyì Kx ejv nq ?
L. gnvgywb cyj ^M _K bg Gjb Kb ? evLv Ki|
M. evexi civgk Kb mywcqvi gb Mfxi `vM KvU Zv Zvgvi cwVZ bwZK wkvi AvjvK
evLv Ki|
N. mgvR I ivxq Rxeb mywcqvi mvabvi cfve cwVZ welqi AvjvK g~jvqb Ki|
mg Aavq
Av`k RxebPwiZ
Avgvì mgvR Ggb wKQy gvbyl RbwQjb, huviv AvRxeb Abi DcKvi Ki MQb| wbRi K_v fvebwb|
Zuvì Kvbv jvf-gvn wQj bv| civcKviB wQj Zuvì GKgv fvebv| RMZi KjvY KivB wQj Zuvì
Rxebi Dk| ZuvivB njb gnvcyiyl I gnxqmx bvix| Zuvì RxebxB nQ Av`k RxebPwiZ| Zuvì Rxebx
_K Avgiv AbK wKQy wkLZ cvwi| Avgvì Rxeb myìfve MoZ cvwi| Avgiv l I mg kwYZ Ggb
ek KqKRb gnvcyiyl I gnxqmx bvix mK RbwQ| G-Aavq Avgiv kxK, kxnwiPuv` VvKzi, ^vgx
weeKvb`, VvKzi wbMgvb`, VvKzi AbyK~jP`, gv Avb`gqx, kxj fwe`v^vgx cfycvì Rxebx mK
Rvbe Ges bwZKZv MVb Zuvì wkvi iyZ mK AvjvPbv Kie|
G-Aavqkl Avgiv
bwZKZv MVb kxKi evj-cieZxKvji Rxeb I wkvi iyZ evLv KiZ cvie
bwZKZv MVb kx nwiPuv` VvKzii Rxeb I wkvi iyZ evLv KiZ cvie
bwZKZv MVb ^vgx weeKvbì RxebPwiZi AvjvK Zuvi wkvi iyZ evLv KiZ cvie
bwZKZv MVb VvKzi wbMgvbì Rxeb I wkvi iyZ evLv KiZ cvie
bwZKZv MVb VvKzi AbyK~jPì Rxeb I wkvi iyZ evLv KiZ cvie
bwZKZv MVb gv Avb`gqxi Rxeb I wkvi iyZ evLv KiZ cvie
bwZKZv MVb kxj fwe`v^vgx cfycvì Rxeb I wkvi iyZ evLv KiZ cvie|
68
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cvV 1 , 2 I 3 : kxK
Avgiv l kwYZ kxKi Rb I kkeKvji K_v RbwQ| mg kwYZ RbwQ Zuvi evjKvji K_v|
GLb Avgiv Rvbe Zuvi Kkvi _K iy Ki kl Rxeb ch KgKvi K_v|
kxK MxZvq ejQb :
ag Mvwb, Aag nq he evo|
nbKvj Rb gvi Rvb Zmvi\
`yi webvk Avi mvayi iY|
hyM hyM Rwb Avwg agmsvcb\ (4/7-8)
A_vr kxK nQb ^qs fMevb| cw_exZ hLb
agi Mvwb `Lv `q, Aagi ew NU, ZLb ag
msvcbi Rb Ges `yi `gb I wki
cvjbi Rb wZwb hyM hyM RbMnY Kib|
kke Ges evjKvj wZwb `yì `gb
KiQb Ges wkì iv KiQb| mviv
RxebB wZwb GKvR KiQb| Avgiv GLb
kxKi Kkvi _K cieZx Rxebi iyZc~Y
NUbvewj Ges Zuvi wkv mK AeMZ ne|
Ksmea
Ksm wQjb g_yivi ivRv| fxlY AZvPvix GKRb gvbyl| wbRi wcZv DMmbK ew` Ki wZwb ivR `Lj
Kib| K Zuvi nv- GB èevYx b wkKvj _KB wZwb KK gvivi e Pv KiQb| wKy cvibwb|
ZvB ej wZwb em wQjb bv| GKevi Kkj ZuvK gvivi cwiKbv Kijb| gjhy AvgY Rvbvbvi Rb
wZwb A~iK cvVvjb Ki KvQ| K-ejivg ZLb e`veb| A~i wMq Ksmi `yiwfmwi K_v ej
w`jb| K I ejivg g_yivq Gjb| Zuvì nvZ AbK hvv gviv Mj| Zv `L Ksm w nq Mjb|
wZwb KK gvivi Rb hy AvmvgvB K jvd w`q Zuvi i_ DVjb| Pzj ai gvwUZ dj KsmK
nZv Kib| Zvici DMmb, èKx, emyè cgyLK gy Kib| DMmbK g_yivi ivRv Kib| gv-evevi
m K, ejivgI g_yivq _K hvb| g_yivq kvw wdi Avm|
Rivm ea
Rivm wQjb gMai ivRv Ges Ksmi ki| wZwbI fxlY AZvPvix wQjb| Ksmi gZzi Lei b wZwb
fxlY iM hvb| weivU mbevwnbx wbq wZwb g_yiv AvgY Kib| wKy Ki nvZ Zuvi civRq NU| K
ZuvK gv Ki `b| GZ Rivm jwZ nb eU, wKy Zuvi cwZkva nv eo hvq| ZvB KK gvivi
Rb wZwb cici mvZevi g_yiv AvgY Kib| K Zvi ciI ZuvK gvibwb| wKy wZwb GK weivU Abvq KvR
KiZ hvwQjb| iy`èi c~Rvi Rb wZwb GKkv biewj èb ej wi KiwQjb| G-Dk wZwb 86
Rb ivRvK ew` Ki iLwQjb| Avi 14 Rb njB wZwb Zuvi Afx KvR mb Kieb| G-Lei K
RvbZ ci wZxq cve fxgi mvnvh ZuvK ea Kib| dj GKkv Rb ivRvi cvY euP hvq|
Av`k RxebPwiZ
69
wkcvj ea
wkcvj wQjb PwìvRi ivRv| Ki AvZxq| wcmZzZv fvB| wKy fxlY AZvPvix| ZvB wkcvji gv
KK Abyiva Ki ejwQjb evev, Zzwg Ii GKkwU Aciva gv Kiv| K Zv KiwQjb| iyRbi
K_v iLwQjb| wKy hywawii ivRm~q h K k ew wbevwPZ nIqvq Clvw^Z wkcvj Zuvi wb`v iy
Kib| cveìI Mvjg` Kib| hyi gwK `b| K ZLb Zuvi my`kb P viv ZuvK nZv Kib|
Kziyi hy I agivR cwZv

aZiv I cvz `yB fvB| aZiv Rbv| ZvB QvU fvB cvy nwbvcyii ivRv nb| cvzi cuvP Qj| hywawi
eo| Zuvì ejv nq cve| aZivi GKkZ Qj| eo `yhvab| Zuvì ejv nq Kie| Kieiv wQjb
Amr Ges `yivPvi| Avi cveiv wQjb mr I m`vPvix|
cvzi gZzi ci hywawii ivRv nIqvi K_v| wKy `yhvab Zv gvbjb bv| ZvB aZiv `yB ci ga ivR
fvM Ki w`jb| cveì ivRavbx njv B`c| wKy `yhvab ZvZ Lywk bb| Zuvi cyiv ivRUvB PvB| ZvB
wZwb GKw`b hywawiK cvkv Ljvq Avnvb Kib| gb Zuvi `yiwfmw| KcU cvkv Ljvq hywawi ni hvb|
Ljvi kZ Abyhvqx cveiv Ziv eQii Rb eb hvb| ebevmkl wdi Gm ivR `vwe Kib| wKy
`yhvab ejjb, webv hy wZwb ivR èb bv| K ZLb hy VKvbvi Rb `yhvabi KvQ hvb| AbK
AvjvPbv Kib| wKy `yhvab Kvbv K_vB bjb bv| AMZv Kziy bvgK vb `yB ci Zzgyj hy nq|
K cveì c wQjb| hy j j jvK wbnZ nq| Kieì mevB wbnZ nb| hykl hywawi ivRv
nb Ges ivR kvw wdi Avm|
70
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
ARybi cwZ kxKi Dc`k

Kziy hy `yB c gyLvgywL| K ARybi i_i mviw_| ZLbI hy iy nqwb| ARyb wec AvZxq^Rbì `L KK ejjb hy Kieb bv| AvZxqì nZv Ki wZwb ivR Pvb bv| ZLb kxK ZuvK
ejjb, Zzwg wq| wqi ag hy Kiv| Zv bv nj Zvi Aag nq| Achk nq| Zv Qvov AvZvi gZz bB|
`nvi NU gv| Zzwg hvì `L gvqv KiQ, Zviv wbRì `vl gZzK eiY Ki AvQ| Zzwg Dcj
gv| KvRB hy Ki Zzwg Zvgvi KZe cvjb Ki| hvi hv KZe Zv cvjb Kiv agi A| K GK_v
ejvi ci ARybi gvnf nq Ges wZwb hy Kib| hy Abvqi civRq NU, bvqi Rq nq| Gfve
kxK evievi `yK `gb Ki wki cvjb KiQb Ges mgvR kvw-kLjv wdwiq GbQb|
`jxq KvR : `yi `gb fMevb kxKi Ae`vb wjL GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|
kxKi ez evrmj
kxK wQjb LyeB ezermj| my`vgv bvg Zuvi GK mncvVx wQjb| GKB iyi wbKU Zuviv covkvbv KiQb|
my`vgv LyeB Mwie| Ze ewe`| Zuvi Kvbv jvf-jvjmv bB| Abw`K kxK GLb viKvi ivRv| Z`ycwi
^qs fMevb wnme Zuvi LvwZ me|
GKw`b my`vgvi x ZuvK ejjb, Zvgvi ez K vivKvi ivRv| Zuvi KvQ Mj nqZv wKQy A_mvnvh
cvIqv hZ| ZvZ Avgvì Afve AbKUv NyPZ| my`vgv A_i jvf bq, AbK w`b ci ezi m `Lv
ne GB fe hZ ivwR njb| wZwb GKw`b mwZ mwZB viKvq iIbv njb| hvIqvi mgq Zuvi x KK
Dcnvi Ìqvi Rb wKQy wPovi Ly` my`vgvi Dixq e eua w`jb|
my`vgv viKvq cuQjb| ZuvK `Lvgv K ò Gm Rwoq aijb| Ki x iywYx ZuvK weklfve
Avì-Avcvqb Kijb| wKQyY ci kxK ejjb, ez, Avgvi Rb Kx GbQ? my`vgv ZLb mB wPovi Ly`
ei Ki w`jb| K cig Zwfi Ljb| Zvici Zuviv AbKY M Kijb| wKy my`vgv GKeviI A_i
K_v ejjb bv| wKy fMevb kxK ezi ekf~lv `L meB eySZ cvijb| ZvB wZwb Hkxej my`vgvi
evwoi Aev cwieZb Ki w`jb| my`vgv wdi wMq `Lb Zuvi KuzoNii RvqMvq wekvj AvwjKv| Ni
abmì Afve bB| wKy wZwb AvMi gZvB mvaviY Rxebhvcb KiZb Ges ei Dcvmbv KiZb|
GKK KvR : Zvgvi Rbv ez cxwZi Kvbv NUbv mK jL|
kxKi Aavb
fMevb h-Dk K AeZviic Rb wbqwQjb, Zv mb nqQ| `yì `gb Kiv nqQ| mgvR ag I
kvw cybtvwcZ nqQ| ZvB Gevi Zuvi eKz hvevi cvjv| ejivg BZvga avbhvM `nZvM KiQb|
Av`k RxebPwiZ
71
K ZvB eb cek Ki GKwU Ak ei wbP em AvQb| `~i _K Riv bvg GK eva ZuvK nwiY gb
Ki ki wbc Ki| kiwU Ki cvq jvM| GB kivNvZB K Bnjxjv mseiY Kib|
kxKi Rxebx _K Avgiv GB bwZK wkv cvB h, Abvq I AmZ GK mgq civwRZ nqB| mgvR `yì
VuvB bB| fMevbI Zvì gv Kib bv| fMevb abx-Mwie mKjKB mgvbfve fvjvevmb| hvi hv KZe
Zv Kiv agi A| AZGe, Avgiv GB wkvjv Avgvì Rxeb KvR jvMve|
bZzb k : Mvwb, A, nv, Afx, ivRm~q, B`c, Hkxej, Aavb|
cvV 4 I 5 : kxnwiPuv` VvKzi

MvcvjM Rjvi Kvwkqvbx DcRjvi AMZ mvdwjWvv GKwU Mvg| GB MvgB RbMnY Kib nwiPuv`
VvKzi| evsjv 1218 mbi (1811 wLv) dvyb gvm| mw`b wQj Kci qv`kx wZw_| nwiPuv` VvKzii
wcZvi bvg hkvg VvKzi Ges gvZv Abc~Yv èx| hkvg wQjb gw_jx evY Ges wbvevb ee| nwiPuv`
hkvgi wZxq cy| Zuvi Aci wZb cyi bvg h_vg ee`vm, Mix`vm I îc`vm| Guiv mevB wQjb
ee| nwiPuv` wQjb LyeB gavex| wK we`vjqi Mxe cvV Zuvi fvjv jvMwb| ZvB gv KqK gvm wMq
wZwb we`vjq ZvM Kib| wgk hvb ivLvj ezì m| Zvì m MvPviY Kib| Ljvayjv Kib|
KLbv- ev Mvb Kib| Zuvi Mvbi Mjv wQj LyeB gayi| ZvB Zuvi Mvb, fRb, KxZb b mevB gy nq hZ|
Zuvi PnvivI wQj LyeB myì| eenvi wQj AgvwqK| Gme KviY mevB ZuvK cQ` KiZ| ivLvj eziv ZuvK
ejZ ivLvj ivRv|
nwiPuv` VvKzi QvUejv _KB wQjb fveyK
cKwZi| eqm evovi m m G-welqwU
Zuvi ga AviI cKU nq| wZwb gk agi
w`K Pj hvb| Ze wZwb bZzb Kvbv
aggZ cPvi Kibwb| wZwb gnvcfy
kxPZbi nwibvg cPvi KiQb| wZwb
ejQb, fwi m nwii bvg wbjB
CkiK cvIqv hve| GB bvgmsKxZbB
nQ Zuvi mvab-fRbi c_| wZwb GB
nwibvg gvZvqviv nq hZb| GRb Zuvi
GB mvabc_i bvg nq gZzqv| Avi Zuvi
Abymvixì ejv nq gZzqv mc`vq|
gZzqvevì g~j K_v njv gbylZ ARb, AvZvbwZ Ges mvweK KjvYmvab| mZ, cg I cweZv GB wZbwU
72
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
i Dci gZzqvev` cwZwZ| mvabvi j mZ`kb ev Ckijvf| GRb PvB cg| cgi c~ekZ nQ
cweZv| cwe `n-gb cgi D`q nq| ZLb fi Ai cggq nwi RvMZ nb|
nwiPuv` VvKzi nwibvgi gvag mvgvwRKfve AenwjZ mc`vqK GKZve Kib| wZwb ejZb, `j bvB
hvi, ej bvB Zvi| Gi dj gZzqvev` GK weivU Av`vjb cwiYZ nq Ges gZzqv mc`vq Qwoq co
evsjvi me|
VvKzi ejZb, agPPvi Rb msmvi ZvM KiZ nq bv| msmvi _K msmvii KvR KiI agPPv Kiv hvq|
Zuvi wb`kB wQj, nvZ Kvg, gyL bvg| wZwb wbRI msmvix wQjb| Zuvi `yB cy I wZb Kbv wQjb| cyiv
njb iyPiY I DgvPiY| VvKzii Aavbi ci iyPiYB iyPuv` bvg gZzqv mc`vqi cavbic c~wRZ nb|
gZzqv mc`vq nwiPuv` VvKziK wezi AeZvi wnme vb Kib| ZvB Zuviv ejb:
ivg nwi K nwi nwi MvivPuv`|
me nwi wgj GB c~Y nwiPuv` \
VvKzii gZzqvev` bvix-cyiyl, abx-`wi`, ag-eY Gme Kvbv f` bB| h-KD nwibvg msKxZb AskMnY
KiZ cvib|
gZzqv mc`vqi g~j K` MvcvjMi IovKvw`Z| mvdwjWvOv Mvgi cvk| mLvb cavb nwigwì
AewZ| evsjv`ki wewfb vb nwigwì AvQ| cwZeQi P gvmi Kci gayK qv`kx wZw_Z
IovKvw`Z gnveviywY mvb AbywZ nq| wZb w`b ch gjv em| nvRvi nvRvi jvKi mgvMg NU H mvb I
gjvq| Zuviv nwiPuv` I iyPuv` VvKziK Mfxi kv vcb Kib|
evsjv 1284 mbi (1877 wLv) 23k dvyb 66 eQi eqm nwiPuv` VvKzi Bnjxjv mseiY Kib|
VvKzii Rxeb I Av`k wbq Kweqvj ZviKP` miKvi iPbv KiQb kxkxnwijxjvgZ M|
evsjv`ki wewfb vb nwigwì AvQ| mLvb gZzqvmn fiv wbqwgZ bvgKxZb Kib Ges nwiPuv`
VvKzii cwZ kv vcb Kib|
VvKzii KqKwU g~jevb evYx njv:
1. nwi avb nwi vb nwi bvg mvi|
cgZ gvZvqviv gZzqv bvg hvi\
2. Rxe `qv bvg iywP gvbylZ wbv|
Bnv Qvov Avi hZ me wqv v\
Av`k RxebPwiZ
73
3. MnZ _vwKqv hvi nq fvev`q|

mB h cig mvay RvwbI wbq\
4. MnKg Mnag Kwie mKj|
nvZ Kvg gyL bvg fwB cej\
Mvn Zvgvi ag AwZ mbvZb|
`yi `gb Avi wki cvjb\
nwiPuv` VvKzi Zuvi Abymvixì evivwU Dc`k w`qQb, hjv v`k Avv bvg cwiwPZ| GB Avvjv mevi
RbB wkYxq| Avvjv njv : (1) m`v mZ K_v eje| (2) wcZv-gvZvK èZvvb fw Kie| (3)
bvixK gvZvb Kie| (4) RMrK cg Kie| (5) mKj ag D`vi _vKe| (6) RvwZf` Kie bv| (7)
nwigwì cwZv Kie| (8) cZn cv_bv Kie| (9) Cki AvZ`vb Kie| (10) ewni mvay mvRe bv|
(11) lowicy ek ivLe| (12) nvZ Kvg, gyL bvg Kie|
`jxq KvR : nwiPuv` VvKzii Dc`kjv wjL GKwU cvvi Zwi Ki|
bZzb k : AvZvbwZ, gZzqv, gnveviywY, ewni, lowicy|
cvV 6, 7 I 8 : ^vgx weeKvb`

^vgx weeKvb` 1863 wLvi 12 Rvbyqvwi
KjKvZvq RbMnY Kib| Zuvi wcZv wekbv_ `
Ges gvZv fyebkix èx| wcZv wekbv_ `
wQjb KjKvZv nvBKvUi GKRb bvgKiv
DwKj| weeKvbì cKZ bvg bi`bv_ `|
wZwb `xNRxex wQjb bv| gv 39 eQi 5 gvm
23 w`b wZwb euPwQjb| GB A mgq
gvbeRvwZi KjvYi Rb wZwb h-Ae`vb iL
MQb, Zv AmvaviY| wPiw`b gvbyl Zuvi GB
Ae`vbi K_v iY Kie|
bi`bv_ Lye gavex wQjb| zj-KjRi
cixvq fvjv dj KiQb| wZb weG-I
cvk KiQb| AvBb I `kb welq Zuvi wQj AMva vb|
G-mgq bi`bv_i gb GK cwieZb `Lv `q| wZwb Kej Cki mK wPv Kib| Cki wK AvQb?
ZuvK wK `Lv hvq? G-aibi ck cvqB Zuvi gb RvM| wZwb AbKK G-ck wRmI KiQb| wKy Kviv
Di wZwb my nZ cibwb| Ggb mgq GKw`b Zuvi `Lv nq Kvjxi mvaK kxivgKi m| ivgK
74
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
ZLb `wYki KvjxevwoZ _vKb| bi`bv_ GKw`b Pj hvb mLvb| ivgKK wZwb wRm Kib,
Avcwb wK Cki `LQb? ivgK nvmZ nvmZ ejb, nuv, `LwQ ; hgb ZvK `LwQ| PvBj ZvKI
`LvZ cvwi|
GB mv`vwma mvaK kxivgKK bi`bv_i fvjv jvM| Zuvi cwZ Kgb hb GKUv fwi fve RM IV|
ZvB wZwb wbqwgZ `wYki hvZvqvZ iy Kib| GKmgq kxivgKi wbKU ZvMi g `xv bb|
bi`bv_ nb MnZvMx mbvmx| ZLb Zuvi bvg nq weeKvb`| cieZxKvj fiv ZuvK ^vgx weeKvb` ev ay
^vgxRx ejB WvKZb|
weeKvb` MnZvM KiQb eU, wKy fviZel Ges Zvi gvbylK ZvM Kibwb| wZwb wbRi PvL `LZ
PvBjb fviZeli gvbyli Aev| wZwb mviv fviZel Nyijb| AbKi m K_v ejjb| jvKi evwo
evwo Mjb| `Ljb, mviv `k Kej `vwi` Avi `vwi`| Kej Awkv Avi Kzwkv| `kevmxi GB nxb
Aev `L wZwb Lye K cjb| wZwb GB Awkv, Kzwkv Avi `vwiì KviY RvbZ PvBjb| Kxfve
Gme _K `kevmxK Dvi Kiv hvq, m-K_vI wPv KiZ jvMjb| fviZi kl wkjvL em wZwb
avb njb| avbi gvag wZwb eySZ cvijb h, fviZi Rxebxkwi Drm nQ ag| GB ag nQ
èZvvb gvbyli mev| GB agg fviZevmxK RvwMq ZzjZ ne| ZeB fviZi DbwZ ne|
1893 wLv weeKvb` AvgwiKv hvb| mLvb wkKvMv kni AbywZ wekag mjb wZwb eZv `b|
eZvi iyZ wZwb DcwZ mKjK fwMbx I vZe` ej m^vab Kib| Abiv KiQb c_vMZfve
f`gwnjv I f`gnv`qMY ej| wK weeKvbì gyL GB bZzb m^vab b DcwZ mKj gy nb|
ARvbv APbv jvKì Gfve fvB-evb ej Avcb Ki bIqvi gvbwmKZv `L Zuviv wewZ nb| Zvici
weeKvb` Zuvi eZvq ejb, wn`yag cw_exi mKj agK mgvb mZ gb Ki| me agi jB GK|
b`xmg~n hgb GK mvMi wMq wgwjZ nq, Zgwb mKj agiB j GK Ckijvf| ZvB weev` bq, mnvqZv ;
webvk bq, ciii fveMnY ; gZweiva bq, mg^q I kvw| weeKvbì GB eZvq mevB AZ Lywk
nb| agmfvi wePvi wZwb nb k ev| ZLb Zuvi eqm gv wk eQi AvU gvm|
agmfvq eZvi ci mviv AvgwiKvq weeKvbì bvg Qwoq co| wewfb RvqMv _K AvgY Avm eZvi
Rb| wZwbI wn`y ag-`kb, weklZ e`v`kb mK GKi ci GK eZv w`q AvgwiKv Rq Kib|
Zvici hvb BDivc| Bsjv, dv, BZvwj cfwZ `k Nyi eovb Ges eZv `b| wZwb e`v`kbi cKZ
mZ Zzj aib| wZwb eZvi gvag GB mZ cwZwZ Kib h, wn`yag Kej g~wZi c~Rv Ki bv, mKj
èZvi c~Rvi ga w`q GK CkiiB Avivabv Ki| Zuvi eZv _K cvvZi gvbyl wn`y ag I `kb mK
bZzb Ki RvbZ cvib| AbK Zuvi cig f nq hvb| Zuvì ga gvMviU GwjRve_ bvej-Gi bvg
weklfve DjLhvM| wZwb weeKvbì Av`k GZUvB Dy nb h, wbRi Rbf~wg Avqvijv Qo
fviZel Pj Avmb| weeKvbì KvQ wZwb `xv bb| ZLb Zuvi bvg nq fwMbx wbew`Zv|
cvq Pvi eQi cw_ex gY Ki weeKvb` 1897 wLv `k dib| `ki gvbyl ZuvK gnv mgvì MnY
Ki| wekvj mseabv `q| mseabv Abyvb wZwb `ki gvbylK Abvqi weiy joZ ejb| mg
Kzmsvi cwiZvM KiZ ejb| mevBK wef` fyj GK nZ ejb| wZwb ejb, kw I mvnwmKZvB ag|
Av`k RxebPwiZ
75
`yejZv I KvcyiylZvB cvc| ^vaxbZvB ag, civaxbZvB cvc|

weeKvb` ejZb, mZB mKj agi wfw| civcKviB ag, cicxobB cvc| mr nIqv Avi mr Kg Kiv agi
A| bxP RvwZ, g~L, `wi`, A, gywP, g_i mKjB Avgvì fvB| Gì mevB cig ag| AvZwekvm I
Cki wekvm G-`ywU wRwbmB DbwZjvfi GKgv Dcvq|
weeKvb` hyeKì AvM kixi MVb KiZ ejZb| Zvici agPPv| KviY `yej kixi agPPv nq bv| Kvbv
KvRB nq bv| GRb Zvì MxZv covi AvM dzUej LjZ ne| ZvZ kixi MwVZ ne| ZLb MxZv AviI
fvjv evSv hve|
weeKvbì mePq iyZc~Y K_v njv LvwjcU ag nq bv| ZvB mevi AvM gvbyli `vwi` NvPvZ ne|
Ckimevi AvM Zuvi m Rxei mev KiZ ne| Rxemev KijB Ckimev ne| ZvB wZwb Rvi w`q
ejQb :
eic myL Zvgvi Qvwo Kv_v LuywRQ Cki ?
Rxe cg Ki hB Rb mB Rb mweQ Cki \
weeKvbì KvQ DuPz-wbPz Kvbv f`vf` wQj bv| AkZvK wZwb NYv KiZb| GKevi GK cwZZv
wMqwQjb `wYki Kvjxgwì gvZ`kb| GZ KqKRb f`jvK Avcw Zvjb| GKRb wkl GK_v
weeKvb`K Rvbvb| wZwb ejb, gvZ`kb mKjiB AwaKvi AvQ| eis cwZZvìB ewk Avmv ìKvi|
Dvi cvevi Rb| GZ hw` Kviv Avcw _vK Zvnj wZwb GLvb bv AvmZ cvib|
weeKvb` Zuvi iè ivgK cignsmèi Av`k cPvii Rb GKwU gV vcb Kib| ivgK gV|
cwgei nvIov Rjvi ejyo Mvi cwg cvo GwU AewZ| mvaviYfve GwU ejyo gV bvg cwiwPZ|
iyèi Av`k cPvii Rb weeKvb` ivgK wgkbI cwZv Kib| cw_exi wewfb `k GB ivgK gV I
ivgK wgkbi kvLv iqQ| Gmei cavb K` ejyo gV| evsjv`k hme gV I wgkb iqQ, mmei
cavb K` XvKvi ivgK wgkb| cw_exevcx GB gV I wgkbi gvag kZkZ gvbylK mev c`vb Kiv nQ|
mevi ga iqQ wkv, wPwKrmv, AvcrKvjxb mvnvhc`vb BZvw`|
weeKvbì mevag Kvbv RvwZf` ev agf` wQj bv| RvwZ-ag wbwekl wZwb mev c`vb KiZb|
GKevi KjKvZvq cP `ywf `Lv w`qwQj| ZLb ivgK wgkbi c _K AvkqK` Lvjv nqwQj|
mLvb KqKRb gymjgvb evjK GmwQj _vKvi Rb| Gì Kx Kiv ne RvbZ PvBj weeKvb`
ejwQjb, gymjgvb evjKiv AekB _vKe| ay Zv-B bq, Zvì LvIqv`vIqv Ges agPPvq hvZ Kvbv weN
mw bv nq, mw`K wekl Lqvj ivLZ ne|
76
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
weeKvb` KVvi cwikgx wQjb| KvR Qvov wZwb wKQyB eySZb bv| ZvB wekvgi Afve Aw`bB Zuvi kixi
fO co| dj 1902 wLvi 4 RyjvB ejyo gV wZwb `nZvM Kib|
weeKvbì Rxebx _K Avgiv GB bxwZwkv cvB h, cw_exi mKj gvbyl GK RvwZ| ag Zvì c_K c_K
nZ cvi| Ze me agiB wfw GK Ges Zv njv mZ| mZB ag| Rxemev gvbB Ckimev| gvbylK
agi K_v ejvi AvM Zvi `vwi` gvPb KiZ ne| KviY LvwjcU KD agi K_v bZ Pvq bv| abx`wi`, gyywP-g_i Kvbv cv_K bB| mevB fvB-fvB| Kvbv gvbylB Ak bq, ckv Zvi hv-B nvK|
AvZwekvm I Cki wekvm DbwZi c_g kZ| agPPvi AvM kixi my I ejevb ivLZ ne| KviY `yej
kixi ay ag bq, Kvbv KvRB wVKgZv nq bv| weeKvbì GB wkv Avgiv AbymiY Kie| Zvnj AvgivI
Rxeb mdj nZ cvie|
GKK KvR : Zvgvi Rvbv Rxemevg~jK eve NUbv mK jL|
bZyb k : AkZv, AvcrKvjxb|
cvV 9, 10 I 11 : VvKzi wbMgvb`

gnicyi Rjvi AMZ KzZecyi GKwU Mvg| mB Mvg
evm KiZb fyebgvnb fvPvh bvg GKRb m`vPvix
evY| Zuvi xi bvg gvwbK myìx| DfqB wbqwgZ
c~Rv-cveY I eZvPvi wbq _vKZb| gvwbK myìxi
wcvjq gnicyiiB AMZ ivavKvcyi Mvg| GB
MvgB 1287 mvji (1880 wLv) Szjb c~wYgvi ivZ
enwZevi gvZzjvjq VvKzi wbMgvb` RbMnY Kib|
Zuvi PvL`ywU wQj c ev bwjbxi gZv `LZ| ZvB Zuvi
bvg ivLv nq bwjbxKv| bwjbxKv fvPvh|
bwjbxi eqm ZLb mvZ eQi| wcZv fyebgvnb QjK fwZ Kwiq `b Mvgi cv_wgK we`vjq| Ljayjv I
`yicbvi cvkvcvwk bwjbx covkvbvqI gavi cwiPq w`q AvmwQjb i _KB| ZvB cv_wgKi cvV wZwb
mvdji mB kl Kib| Gici wZwb fwZ nb `vwiqvcyi Mvgi ga BsiwR we`vjq| _vKZb
ivavKvcyi gvZzjvjq|
GKv`k eQi eqm bwjbxi Dcbqb nq| ZLb _KB Zuvi ga agfve RM IV| wZwb wmv Mvqx g
Rc KiZb| wbqwgZ ivgvqY, gnvfviZ BZvw` cvV KiZb| wKy eqm evovi m-m Zuvi ga GKUv
cwieZb j Kiv hvq| wZwb RvwZf` gvbb bv| evYi wg_v AnsKviK NYv Kib| Ze cKZ mvwbZ
Av`k RxebPwiZ
77
ewK mvb Kib| hyw w`q wZwb wbRi gZK mg_b Kib| wKy wbRi gZ wVK bq eySZ cvij wZwb
wbwavq civRq ^xKvi Kib| agi bvg fvwgK wZwb Zxefve NYv Kib|
mvwnZmgvU ewgP` wQjb mK bwjbxi `v`vgkvB| wZwb bwjbxK Lye mn KiZb| bwjbxI ZuvK Lye
fvjvevmZb Ges kv KiZb| `yRbi ga AbK welq K_v nZv| Gi ga w`q bwjbx ewgPì
wbKU _K AbK wKQy wkLwQjb| bwjbxi BsiwR cixvi AvMB ewgPì gZz nq| wKQyw`b ci gv
gvwbK myìxI cijvK Mgb Kib| G-`ywU NUbv bwjbxi gb Mfxi iLvcvZ Ki| gvbe Rxebi bkiZv
ZuvK fxlYfve fvweq Zvj|
cixvq DxY nIqvi ci bwjbxi ga weivU cwieZb j Kiv hvq| è-wR, ag-Kg, kvvw`Z Zuvi
wekvm DV hvq| fMevb wekvm bB| SuvK `Lv `q hvv-w_qUvi I mvwnZPPvq| cvkvcvwk Pj Rbmevi
KvR| RvwZ-ag wbwekl mKji evwo wMq ivMxi mev Kib| Kvbv evwoZ gZ`n mrKvi jvK cvIqv
bv Mj bwjbx mLvb mvMn GwMq hvb| G wbq cvov-cwZekxì KvQ _K wcZv fyebgvnbK AbK
wb`vevK bZ nq|
bwjbxi GB AvPiY `L fyebgvnb Lye wPwZ nq cob| cyK msmvi Ave Kivi Rb wZwb Zuvi weevn
Ìqvi wmv bb| h_vmgq bwjbxi weq nq hvq| Kbv nvwjknii e`bv_ gyLvcvavqi gq
myavsevjv| bwjbxi eqm ZLb 17 Ges myavsevjvi 12|
weqi wKQyw`b ci bwjbxKv wmv wbjb DPwkv MnY Kieb| ZvB wcZvi AbygwZ wbq wZwb XvKv
KjwRqU zj fwZ nb| GLvb wKQyw`b covi ci wZwb XvKvi mvf zj fwZ nb| KviY, GLvb _K cvk
Kij mnRB PvKwi cvIqv hvq| GLvb _K cvk Kivi ci wZwb ^Mvg wdi hvb Ges KzZecyi zj
wkKZv iy Kib| Gi wKQyw`b ci Ifviwmqvii PvKwi wbq w`bvRcyi miKvwi Awdm hvM`vb Kib|
wKy G-PvKwiZ wg_vPvi KiZ nq ej wZwb PvKwi cwieZb Kib| Gici AviK `dv PvKwi cwieZb Ki
wZwb KjKvZvi RbK Rwg`vii GU PvKwi bb| mB Dcj wZwb ZLb KjKvZvq wQjb| x
myavsevjv ZLb Atmv| ZvB ZuvK evwo cvwVq w`qQb| mLvb Zuvi GKwU Kbvmvb Rb| KqKw`b
ci KbvmvbwU gviv hvq| xI ek wKQyw`b ivMfvMi ci gviv hvb| GZ bwjbx Lye AvNvZ cvb| msmvii
cwZ Zuvi gb DV hvq| wZwb PvKwiI Qo `b| cvqkB wZwb x myavsevjvi Qvqvg~wZ `LZ cvb| wZwb Gi
inm RvbZ Pvb| cijvK mK PPv iy Kib| Ggwb mgq GKw`b KjKvZvq c~Yvb` cignsmi m
Zuvi mvvr nq| c~Yvb` ejb, x gvB Av`vkw gnvgvqvi Ask| ZuvK cZ nj mvabv KiZ ne|
Gici bwjbx hvb exif~gi gnvZx_ ZvivcxV| mLvb wQjb gnvmvaK evgvcv| wZwb ZuvK Zvivg `xv
`b| Avi ejb Zvivgvqi mvabv KiZ| bwjbx GKgb mvabv KiZ jvMjb| Aekl gv xic `Lv
w`jb| wKy bwjbx ZuvK aiZ MjB wZwb wgwjq hvb| GK_v wZwb evgvcvK Lyj ejjb| ejjb, G
èx K? AvwgB- ev K? evgv ejjb, G-Z RvbZ nj ZvK vbmvabv KiZ ne| vbxiyi mvb
KiZ ne|
78
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
evgvcvi K_vgZv bwjbx vbxiyi mvb Nyi eovZ jvMjb| NyiZ NyiZ cyiZx_ Gm vbxiyi
mvb cvb| wZwb njb mwP`vb` cignsm| Zuvi Avkg _K bwjbx e`-e`v, `kbkvvw` Aaqb
Kib| iy ZuvK ew`K mbvm g `xv `b| ZLb Zuvi bZzb bvg nq ^vgx wbMgvb` mi^Zx| Gici wZwb
fviZi wewfb Zx_vb Nyi eovb, hgb Kvkx, KvgvLv, wngvjq, KvwKjvgyL BZvw`| Gme RvqMvq wZwb
hvMmvabv Kib|
Gici RbwnZv_ VvKzi wbMgvb` m`&ag cPvi iy Kib| fviZi wewfb vb wZwb gV ev Avkg cwZv
Kib| mLvb ePh mvabvi eev Kib| KviY wZwb Dcjw KiZ ciwQjb h, c_g Rxeb ePh
cvjb bv Kij cieZx Rxeb myìfve Mo DVZ cvie bv| cvkvcvwk wZwb Av`k Mn RxebMVbi IciI
Rvi `b| G Qvov VvKzi KwlKg, Mv-mev, Abv_ Avkg, Fwl we`vjq I Abvb wkvcwZvb Ges `vZe
wPwKrmvjq cwZvi gvagI Rbmevi `v iL MQb|
VvKzi Zuvi Av`k cPvii Rb Avh-`cY bvg GKwU gvwmK cwKv cKvk Ki MQb, hv GLbI wbqwgZ
cKvwkZ nQ| GwU mbvZb agi gyLc wnme cwiwPZ| G Qvov VvKzi hvMxiy, vbxiy, ZvwK iy,
cwgKiy, ePh mvab, e`vweeK, Zgvjv cfwZ M iPbvi gvagI Zuvi Av`k cPvi Ki MQb|
VvKzi wbMgvbì `kb wQjkii gZ I Mivi c_, A_vr mev I fwi c_ AZ evb jvf
Kiv| GB Av`k cPvi evsjvi Pviw`K PviwU mvi^Z Avkg mwqfve KvR Ki hvQ| evsjv`k m`&ag
cPvii Rb mnmvwaK mvi^Z mN AvQ|
Z, vb, hvM I cg GB PZztmvab wm gnvmvaK VvKzi wbMgvb` 1342 mvji (1935 wLv) 13B
AMnvqY evi Acivn 1-15 wgwbU BnjvK ZvM Kib|
VvKzii KqKwU evYx
1| Av`k Mvn Rxeb cwZvB Avgvi Dk| cvPxb FwlMY cewZZ c_ Pj Zvgiv Av`k Mn nI| ay
mbvmx nq eb MjB fMevb jvf nq bv| Mn _K Av`k Mnx nq agmvabv KijI fMevb jvf nq|
2| AvZvb wKsev bvivqYvb h_vmva Rxemev Kiv| cii DcKvi KiZ KzwZ nqv bv| GB cZ ag
ZvM Kij AvavwZK kw jvf nq bv| RxemevB Kwji GKgv ag|
3| bi-B mvvr bvivqY| myZivs bii mev eZxZ bvivqYi Kcv nq bv| ZvB Mvn agi GZ gvnvZ|
Avcb cvYK wekcvYi m gjvZ ne| x-cy viv c_g cvY h-exR D nq, ci weki KxU-cZ
mgcvYZv Avm| ZLb fMevb hP `qv Ki _vKb| bZzev gyLi cv_bvq Zuvi wmsnvmb Uj bv|
4| Kej KZjv Kgvbyvb Rxeb c~YZv jvf nqbv| fMevb AvZwbfi KiZ Afvm Ki| KxU _K e
ch GKB fMevbi weKvk Rb mef~Zi wnZmvab Rxeb DrmM Ki| gvbeRxeb ab ne| cwe Avbì
AwaKvix ne|
Av`k RxebPwiZ
79
VvKzi wbMgvbì Rxebx _K Avgiv GB bxwZwkv cvB h, wg_v AnsKvi Kviv cB fvjv bq| RvwZf`
mgvR wekLjv mw Ki| RvwZ-ag wbwekl mKjK fvjvevmZ ne| AvavwZK DbwZi cvkvcvwk
gvbyli eve RxebiI Dbqb cqvRb| Av`k Mnx nqI fMevbK jvf Kiv hvq| bvivqYvb gvbylK
mev KiZ ne| RxemevB Kwji GKgv ag| mKj Rxei gaB Cki AvQb| mKj Rxei mev Kiv
gvbB CkiiI mev Kiv| ZvB meRxei mevq wbRK DrmM KiZ ne| VvKzi wbMgvbì GB wkv
Avgiv me mgq gb ivLe Ges Avgvì Rxeb cvjb Kivi Pv Kie|
`jxq KvR : VvKzi wbMgvbì RbwnZKi KvRi GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|
bZzb k : KvgvLv, mvi^Z, AvKxU|
cvV 12, 13 I 14 : VvKzi AbyK~jP`

cvebvq cvi ZxieZx GKwU Mvg
wngvBZcyi| mB Mvg 1295 mvji
30 fv` (1888 wLvi 14
mî) AbyK~jPì Rb| wcZv
wkeP` PeZ x Ges gvZv
gbvgvwnbx èx|
wngvBZcyiB AbyK~jPì kke,
evj I Kkvi AwZv nq|
wngvBZcyi cvVkvjvq wZwb jLvcov
iy Kib| mLvbKvi cvV kl nj
wZwb cvebv BbwwUDU fwZ nb|
GLvb beg kwY ch co wZwb
cwgei bnvUx DP we`vjq fwZ nb| G-we`vjq _K wZwb cewkKv cixvi Rb gbvbxZ nb|
wKy GKRb mncvVx cixvi wdmi UvKv hvMvo KiZ cibwb b ZuvK wZwb wbRi UvKv w`q `b| dj
Hevi Zuvi cixv Ìqv nqwb| ciievi wZwb cewkKv cixvq cvk Kib| Gici gvqi BQvq wZwb
KjKvZvi bvkbvj gwWKvj KjR fwZ nb| ZLb Zuvì msmvi Avw_K AbUb PjwQj| ZvB AbK K
Ki wZwb covkvbv Pvwjq hvwQjb| GKw`b cwZekx GK Wvvi ngKzgvi Pvcvavq Ilyamn ZuvK
GKwU ev `b| Zv w`q wZwb Kzwj-gRyiì mev iy Kib| mevi Avbì ga w`q hv Avq nZv ZvZB
Zuvi w`b Pj hZ|
80
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
AbyK~jP` Wvvi nq wbR Mvg wdi Avmb| mLvb wZwb wPwKrmvKg iy Kib| GZ Zuvi Af~Zc~e mvdj
Avm| wKy wZwb Dcjw Kijb, gvbyli `ytLi vqx mgvavb KiZ nj Kej kvixwiK wPwKrmv bq,
gvbwmK I AvwZK wPwKrmvI ìKvi| KviY kixii m gb I AvZvi wbweo hvM iqQ| ZvB wZwb gvbwmK
I AvwZK wPwKrmvI iy Kijb|
AbyK~jP` wQjb mgvRi Amnvq, AenwjZì ez| Zvì wbq wZwb KxZb `j MVb Kib| KxZbi ga
w`q wZwb Zvì gvbwmK kvwi weavb Kib| AbK wkwZ ZiyYI GwMq Avmb| Zuvi GB KxZb GK mgq
GKwU Av`vjb cwiYZ nq| mevB ZuvK ZLb Wvvi bv ej ejZ VvKzi| mB _K wZwb VvKzi AbyK~jP`
bvg cwiwPZ nb| Zuvi LvwZ gk Pvwiw`K Qwoq co|
gvbyl hvZ mr c_ _vK, mr wPv Ki mRb VvKzi AbyK~jP` wngvBZcyi cwZv Kib mrmN Avkg| Gi
gvag wZwb Zuvi Abymvixì AvwZK DbwZi Rb evb jvf mnvqZv KiZb| `j `j jvK ZuvK iy
gb GB mN hvM w`Z jvMj| wZwb GB mNi gvag agi m Kgi mshvM NUvb| wkv, Kwl, wk,
myweevn GB PviwU wQj Avkgi g~j wfw| ePh, Mvn, evbc, mbvm mbvZb Avh Rxebi GB PviwU
i Rxebhvcb wZwb mKjK Af Ki Zvjb| AbyK~jP` jvKwnZv_ cvPxb Fwlì Av`k Zcveb
we`vjq, `vZe wPwKrmvjq, Bwwbqvwis IqvKkc, cvewjwks nvDR, QvcvLvbv BZvw` cwZv Kib| Gi dj
AavwZK Rxebi cvkvcvwk gvbyl RvMwZK RxebI DcKZ nq| gnvZv Mvx mrmNi GB KgKv `L
AZ gy nb Ges Gi cksmv Kib|
1946 wLv AbyK~jP` wenvii ÌNi hvb Ges mLvb mrmNi Av`k GKwU Avkg cwZv Kib|
cii eQi fviZ fvM nj wZwb Avi wdi Avmbwb| 1969 wLvi 26 Rvbyqvwi 81 eQi eqm wZwb
ÌNiB `n ZvM Kib|
VvKzi AbyK~jPì wklmc`vq Ges mrmNi KgKv Dfq evsjvi bvbv Aj AvRI mwq| XvKv I
PMvgmn evsjv`ki wewfb Aj Gi Avkg I Kvhvjq AvQ| Gi gvag RbMYK mev Ìqv nq|
VvKzi AbyK~jP` Zuvi Av`k I wPv-fvebv gvbyli ga Qwoq Ìqvi Rb 46 Lvbv M iPbv KiwQjb|
m-mei ga cyYcuyw_, AbykwZ, Pjvi mv_x cfwZ DjLhvM|
VvKzi AbyK~jPì wkv wQj : gvbyl gvbyl Kvbv fv`vf` bB| h h-mc`vqiB nvK bv Kb, gb
ivLZ ne Cki GK, agI GK| msmvi _vKe, gb ivLe fMevb| ay jLvcov KijB eo nIqv hvq bv,
AvPvi-eenviI RvbZ nq| VvKzi AbyK~jPì GB wkv Avgiv me mgq iY ivLe Ges gb Pje|
GKK KvR : ew I mgvRRxeb VvKzi AbyK~jPì wkvi cfve mK jL|
bZzb k : AvwZK wPwKrmv, jvK wnZv_, cyYcuyw_, AbykwZ|
Av`k RxebPwiZ
81
cvV 15 I 16 : gv Avb`gqx
gv Avb`gqxi Rb 1896 wLvi
30 Gwcj| evYevwoqv Rjvi
LIov Mvg| wcZv wewcbwenvix
fvPvh, gv gv`v myìx|
wewcbwenvixi cZK wbevm wQj
we`vKzU| Avb`gqxi Avmj bvg
wbgjv myìx| Mvgi cvVkvjvq
wbgjvicovkvbv iy nq|wKy
covkvbv ewk`~ i GMvqwb|
QvUejv _KB Zu v i ga
wèfvei cKvk NU| nwibvg
KxZb nj wZwb AvKzj nq bZb|
evsjv 1315 mvji (1908 wLv) 25 gvN wbgjvi weq nq| ZLb Zuvi eqm Ziv kl nq P eQi
coQ| ^vgx igYxgvnb PeZx| evwo wegcyii AvUcvov Mvg| weqi ci wbgjv ^vgxi bvg `b fvjvbv_|
fvjvbv_ evwRZcyi mUjgU wefvM PvKwi Kib| 1324 mvj (1917 wLv) wbgjv ^vgxi Kgj
hvb| Zuvi ga gkB wèfve cKwUZ nZ _vK| Kv_vI Kbvg bj Kcg wZwb AvKzj nq hvb|
GKevi f~èP` emyi evwoZ KxZb nQ :
nwiniq bgt Khvèvq bgt|
hvèvq gvaevq Kkevq bgt \
wbgjv mLvb DcwZ wQjb| KxZb bZ bZ GK mgq wZwb Avb nq hvb| ZLb Zuvi `n _K wè
Avjv cKvwkZ nwQj| mevB fq cq Mjb| wKQyY ci wZwb Avevi my nq DVjb| Gfve wbgjvi ga
gnvfvei iy| mvaviY gvbyli AvZ Zuvi kixi PjZ jvMj mvab-fRbi bvbviKg jxjv| wè RvwZi
Avfvq Dj nq DVj Zuvi mg kixi|
1924 wLv fvjvbv_ Pj Avmb XvKvi kvnevM| ZLbKvi bevei evMvbi ZveavqKi KvR wbq|
m wbgjvI Avmb| GB kvnevM gv Kvjxi gwì wbgjvi ga gvZg~wZ cKwUZ nq| ZLb _KB wZwb gv
Avb`gqx bvg LvZ nb| GLvbB Zuvi mvab-fRb PjZ _vK| 1926 wLv wmkixZ Zuvi Avkg
cwZwZ nq| GwUB Zuvi Avw` Avkg|
1932 wLv gv Avb`gqx ^vgxmn Pj hvb ìv`yb| dj Zuvi jxjv XvKv _K vbvwiZ nq Di
82
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
fviZ| mLvb Zuvi wèfvei cwiPq RvbvRvwb nj AbK Zuvi f nq hvb| fviZi AbK vbx-Yx
ZuvK kv KiZb| Zuvì m gvqi mvvr nqQ| GgbwK cwZ RInijvj bniy, wgmm Bwìv Mvx
cgyL ewi mI Zuvi mvvr nqQ|
gv Avb`gqx wbR fMercgx wQjb| ZvB fviZi RbMYKI fMergyLx Kivi KvR wZwb AKv cwikg
KiQb| wZwb Dcgnv`ki c~e-cwg, Di-`wY me cwigY KiQb| cvPxb fviZi AbK jy
Zcveb I Zx_vb wZwb cybiyxweZ KiQb| fviZxq mswZi ggj, mnm Fwli Zcvf~wg bwglviYK
wZwb RvwMq Zvjb| GLb mLvb KxZb, bvP, Mvb, agMcvV, mrmN BZvw` KgKv PjQ| Gfve wZwb
fviZi wewfb vbi my, jy agvbK RvMZ KiQb| mLvb hvM-h, gwì, weMn cwZvi ga w`q
G`ki j j gvbylK mbvZb agi fveavivq DxweZ Ki ZzjQb| gvbyli gbK fMergyLx Kivi
Rb Akl ciYv w`q MQb| evsjv`ki igbv I LIovi `ywU Avkgmn fviZi wewfb vb wZwb 25wU
Avkg cwZv KiQb| wn`y ag I mswZPPvi GwU gvqi mwekl DjLhvM Ae`vb| gv Avb`gqx
ejZb, h h Aevq AvQ, mB Aevq _KB Kg Ki hvI| bvg Ki, ay bvg| bvgB me nq|
1982 wLvi 27 AvM gv Avb`gqx cijvK Mgb Kib| nwivi KYLj Avkg Mvi Zxi Zuvi
gi`n mgvwa Kiv nq|
gv Avb`gqxi Rxebx _K Avgiv GB wkv cvB h, me`v fMevbi bvg wbZ ne| Zuvi bvg me wKQy KiZ
ne| KZeKg Aenjv Kiv Pje bv| Avgvì ag I mswZi cwZ kvkxj nZ ne| gvqi GB wkv
Avgiv gb Pje|
GKK KvR : ag I mswZPPvq gv Avb`gqxi Ae`vb mK jL|
bZzb k : wèfve, cybiyxweZ, mgvwa|
cvV 17 I 18 : kxj fwe`v^vgx cfycv`

kxj fwe`v^vgx cfycv` 1896 wLvi 1jv mî
Di KjKvZvi 151 bs nvwimb ivWi evwoZ RbMnY
Kib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg Migvnb ` Ges gvqi bvg
iRbx| cfycvì cKZ bvg AfqPiY `|
Migvnb GK RvwZlxK w`q cyi Kvx Zwi
KwiqwQjb| wZwb GKwU fwelvYx KiwQjb| GB wk
70 eQi eqm mgy` cvwo è| we`k hve| GKRb
agcPviK wnme LvwZ jvf Kie Ges 108wU gwì
c w Zv
Kie|
Zu v i
GB
fwelvYxi
c v q
Av`k RxebPwiZ
83
meUvB mZ cwiYZ nqQ| AfqPiY 1965 wLv 69 eQi eqm AvgwiKv hvb| mLvb wn`yag cPvi
Kib| gk Zuvi LvwZ cw_exi me Qwoq co| Kbvg cPvii Rb wZwb cwZv Kib AvRvwZK
KfvebvgZ msN, msc hv BmKb bvg cwiwPZ| Avi wZwb cwiwPZ nb kxj fwe`v^vgx cfycv`
bvg| weki wewfb `k wZwb kZvwaK gwì cwZv Kib|
Migvnb ` wQjb GKRb mv e-eemvqx| wKy ewRxeb wZwb wQjb GKRb we ee| wbqwgZ
Kbvg Rc KiZb| gnvcfy kxPZb wQjb Zuvi Av`k| PZb cewZZ ni K ni ivg wQj Zuvi mvabvi
g~jg| wZwb wbqwgZ kxg`&fvMe&MxZv I kxPZbPwiZvgZ cvV KiZb| wZwb PvBZb Qj AfqPiYI Zuvi
gZv ee nvK| GRb wZwb ZuvK wbqwgZ ivav-K gwì wbq hZb| evjK eqmB ZuvK g` evRvbv
mLvb| fRb, KxZb BZvw` kLvq Drmvn `b|
AfqPiYi gv iRbx èx wQjb ewaz Moxq ee cwievii Kbv| ZvB Zuvi gaI eefvei cKvk
NU| wZwb wQjb cwZeZv I agcivqYv GKRb Av`k x I Rbbx| evjK AfqPiY `LZb, Zuvi gv KxiKg
mijZvmnKvi mKji gji Rb cv_bv KiZb| c~Rv-cveY Abyvb KiZb| gvqi GB fw, mijZv I
KZecivqYZv evjK AfqPiYi gb Mfxi cfve dj|
AfqPiY KjKvZvi wUkPvP KjR mvZK kwYi Qv| G-mgq Zuvi weq nq| xi bvg ivavivwY èx|
wKy ivavivwY wcvjqB Aevb KiwQjb, AfqPiYi covkvbv kl bv nIqv ch|
ZLb fviZi ^vaxbZv Av`vjb gk ZxeZi nwQj| AfqPiYi Ici Zvi GKUv cfve cowQj| GKB
KjR GK Kvm Ici coZb myfvlP` emy| wZwb ^vaxbZv msMvg hvM Ìqvi Rb Qvì Drmvn
w`Zb| Zuvi ewZ, eZv I mvsMVwbK gZv `L AfqPiY gy nb| wKy mivmwi Av`vjb hvM `b bv|
Ze BsiRì wkveevi cwZ Zuvi GKUv Abxnvi fve mw nq| Gi Pq wZwb fviZi wbR^
wkveevK AwaKZi gjRbK gb Kib|
gnvZv Mvxi Av`vjbi cwZI AfqPiY GKUv AvKlY Abyfe Kib| gbvhvM w`q wZwb Zuvi eZvweewZ bZb Ges cvV KiZb|
1920 wLv AfqPiY mvdji mv_ vZK cixvq DxY nb| wKy G-mgq cvvei RvwjqvbIqvjvevM
kZkZ wbi-wbixn gvbylK BsiR mbiv nZv Ki| Gi cwZev` MvxwR BsiRì mewKQy eRbi
Avnvb Rvbvb| GB Avnvb mvov w`q AfqPiY Zuvi wWwM cZvLvb Kib| G-NUbvi ci wcZvi BQvq wZwb
GKwU Ilya KvvwbZ PvKwi bb Ges 1932 wLv GB KvRB mcwievi Gjvnvev` Pj hvb|
Gjvnvev` GmB AfqPiYi Rxebi gvo Nyi hvq| GLvb wZwb kxj fwwmvmi^Zx VvKzii wklZ
MnY Kib| Zuvi m AfqPiYi BZtc~eI (1922 wLv) KjKvZvq GKevi mvvr nqwQj| AfqPiY
ZLb ^`kx Av`vjbi fveavivq Dy wQjb| mi^Zx VvKzi ZLb ZuvK ejwQjb, Gme Av`vjbi Pq
PZb gnvcfyi ee Av`vjb AbK KvhKi| ni K ni ivg KxZb AwZ mnRB mKj kwYi gvbylK
KvQ UvbZ cvi| msmvii mg iKg `ytL-K fywjq kvw w`Z cvi| KwjhyM Rxevvii GUvB
GKgv c_| mB GKB K_v VvKzi GeviI AfqPiYK ejjb| AfqPiY Gevi iyi Av`k wkivavh Ki
KvR iy Ki w`jb|
84
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
AfqPiY iyi Dc`k I wbRi Av`k cPvii Rb Back to Godhead bvg GKwU cwKv cKvk iy
Kijb| kxg`&fMe`&MxZv, kxg`&fvMeZ I kxPZbPwiZvgZ Zuvi wZbwU wcq M wQj| wZwb c_g `ywUi fvl
iPbv Kib| mevi KvQB Zv AZ mgv`Z nqQ| wZwb Zuvi cwKv Ges M ZrKvjxb fviZi weLvZ
gbxlxì KvQ ch cuQ w`qwQjb| Zuvì ga DjLhvM gnvZv Mvx, cwZ ivavKvb, jvjevnv`yi
kvx cgyL| Guì m wZwb mvvrI KiQb| Guiv Zuvi KvRi DPcksmv KiQb|
AfqPiY GK mgq Kbvg ev KfvebvgZ cPvii Rb PvKwi, msmvi me Qo `b| fviZi wewfb vb
Nyi eovb| GK chvq wZwb e`veb hvb| mLvb wZwb mbvmag `xv bb| ZLb Zuvi bvg nq
AfqPiYviwe` fwe`v^vgx| AviI ci wZwb kxj fwe`v^vgx cfycv` bvg LvZ nb|
1977 wLvi 14B bfî cfycv` kxKi jxjv e`veb Bnjxjv mseiY Kib|
kxj cfycv` wekvm KiZb, mKj RvwZi ga KfvebvgZ Qwoq w`Z cvij Kvbv RvwZf` _vKe bv|
wnsmv-wel _vKe bv| mevB mevBK fvjvevme| hy-weMn BZvw` asmvZK KvR _g hve| Zuvi iy
mi^Zx VvKziI ZuvK GK_vB ejwQjb| wZwb AviI ejwQjb, fviZeli evBiI GB KfvebvgZ Qwoq
w`Z ne| Zvnj Gi gvag wekvZZ Mo DVe| G-KviYB kxj cfycv` 1965 wLv AvgwiKv hvb|
cii eQi 1966 wLv wbD BqK cwZv Kib AvRvwZK KfvebvgZ mN (BmKb)| chvqg weki
wewfb `k GB mN cwZwZ nq| cfycv` gZzi AvM ch GB msvwU cwiPvjbv Kib| wZwb kZvwaK
gwì, Avkg, zj I KKì mg^q GwUK GKwU AvRvwZK cwZvb cwiYZ Kib| eZgvb cw_exi
wewfb `k BmKbi 350wUiI ewk gwì iqQ| cwgei gvqvcyi Gi cavb gwì AewZ|
evsjv`ki XvKv, PMvg, wmjU, Kzwgjv cfwZ kniI BmKbi gwì iqQ|
weki wewfb `ki nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl cfycv`-cewZZ GB gZv`k AvK nq Kbvg `xwZ nQb|
Gfve Zuviv GKwU K-cwievi Zwi Ki PZbè-cewZZ eexq RxebvPvi cvjb KiQb| BmKbi g~j
Dk Kbvgi gvag gvbyli ga AvavwZK PZbv RvMZ Kiv| ciii cwZ kv-fvjvevmv mw Kiv|
gvbyl-gvbyl f`vf` `~i Kiv| vbi Avjv viv AvbZv I Kzmsvi `~i Kiv| wewfb mgvRmevg~jK KvR
Kiv| wkì ga wkv`vb Kiv| `wi`ì ga `vZe wPwKrmv c`vb Kiv| MxZvi `kb I mvswZK
wewbgqi gvag Abvb agvej^xì m `~iZ Kwgq AvbvI BmKbi AbZg Dk|
bZzb k : g`, ewaz, Moxq ee, BmKb, eexq RxebvPvi|
cwiKwZ KvR : wkv_x Dci ewYZ gnvcyiyl I gnxqmx bvixì Qwe msMn Kie| Zuvì wkvmg~n
GKUv KvMR wjL covi Uweji mvgb Uvwbq ivLe, hvZ me mgq Zv PvL co| cvV-ewnf~Z
Abvb gnvcyiyl I gnxqmx bvixì mKI Rvbvi Pv Kie Ges Zuvì Qwe msMn Kivi Pv Kie|
Av`k RxebPwiZ
85
Abykxjbx
k~bvb c~iY Ki :
1. K mvivRxebB ............... iv KiQb|
2. `yej kixi .................. nq bv|
3. bwjbxi `v`vgkvB wQjb ...............|
4. VvKzi AbyK~jP` kvixwiK wPwKrmvi cvkvcvwk .............. wPwKrmvI iy Kib|
5. kvnevM gv Kvjxi gwì wbgjvi ga ............. cKwUZ nq|
Wvb cvk _K k ev evKvsk wbq evgcvki mv_ wgj Ki :

evg cvk
Wvb cvk
1. Rivm wQjb gMaì ivRv Ges
`yhvabi AvZxq
2. gZzqv mc`vq nwiPuv` VvKziK
wezi AeZvi wnme vb Kib
3. bi`bv_ kxivgKi wbKU
ZvMi g `xv bb
4. bwjbx vbx iyi mvb cvb
wbR Mvg wdi Avmb
5. AbyK~jP` Wvvi nq
Ksmi ki
cyiZx_

1. cw_exZ kxKi AeZxY nIqvi KviY evLv Ki|
2. nwiPuv` VvKzii Abymvixì gZzqv ejvi KviY evLv Ki|
3. VvKzi wbMgvbì cijvK mK PPv Kivi g~j KviY evLv Ki|
4. VvKzi AbyK~jP` gvbwmK wPwKrmv iy KiwQjb Kb ?
5. ^vgx weeKvb` hyeKìK kixi MVbi Dci iyZ Avivc KiQb Kb ?
wbPi ckjv Di `vI :

1. kxK KZK Ksm ea wQj Aekvex gewU wek-lY Ki|
2. wkKvMvi wekag mjb ^vgx weeKvbì fvlYi cfve eYbv Ki|
3. VvKzi wbMgvbì `kb evLv Ki|
4. VvKzi AbyK~jP` cwZwZ mrmNi KgKv eYbv Ki|
5. BmKbi g~j Dk I mgvR Gi cfve eYbv Ki|
86
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
ewbevPwb ck :
1. hywawii ivRm~q h k ew wbevwPZ nqwQjb K ?
K. fx
L. kxK
M. ejivg
N. we`yi
2. agPPvi Rb msmviZvMi cqvRb bvB Gic eewU

i.
nwiPuv` VvKzii
ii. VvKzi AbyK~jPì

iii. gv Avb`gqxi
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. i I ii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii

gbgvnbevey Rbìw` I avwgK gvbyl wK wZwb ìvM Avv| nvU eK aiv coQ| Wvvii civgk
Abyhvqx wZwb XvKvi mvnivIqv`x nvmcvZvj Acvikbi Rb fwZ nb| wZwb j Kijb Zuvi cvki ivMxi
Aev AviI Lvivc| wKy UvKvi Afve Acvikb KiZ cviQ bv| wZwb Zvi wbRi Acvikbi UvKv cvki
ivMxK w`q `b|
3. gbgvnbeveyi AvPiY Kvb mvaKi Av`k dzU DVQ ?
K. ^vgx weeKvbì
L. VvKzi AbyK~jPì
M. nwiPuv` VvKzii
N. VvKzi wbMgvbì
4. mvab-fRb D mvaKi ggK_v njv
K. Rxemev Kij Ckimev ne
L. msmvi _KI fMevbi cwZ gb ivLZ ne
M. fwi m nwii bvg wbjB CkiK cvIqv hve
N. mev I fwi c_B AZ evb jvf ne|
Av`k RxebPwiZ
87
mRbkxj ck :
1. Kvbbèx PvKzwi, mvsmvwiK KvR I agKg mywbcyYfve cvjbi gvagB Ckimevi Avb` cvb|
ewRxeb Zuvi GKwU wekl AvKvv wQj evwoZ ivav-Mvweì gwì cwZv Kiv| Zuvi BQvwU
mv_Kfve c~iY Kivi Rb wZwb DcvwRZ A_ GjvKvi cyivZb gwì msvi I GKwU bZzb gwì
cwZv Ki ivavMvweì c~Rvi eev Kib| wZwb GjvKvi gvbylK è-èxi c~Rvi gvagB
Ckivb c~YZv jvf Kiv hvq G-welq mPZb Kib|
K. gv Avb`gqxi c~ebvg Kx ?
L. gv Avb`gqxi Kcg AvKzj nIqvi KviY evLv Ki|
M. Kvbbèxi msmviag cvjbi mv_ gv Avb`gqxi Kggq Rxebi Kx emv`k iqQ Zv
evLv Ki|
N. GjvKvi gvbyli cwZ Kvbbèxi Cki-Avivabvi ee hb gv Avb`gqxi eeiB
cwZdjb Zzwg wK GB eei mv_ GKgZ ? Zvgvi gZi ^c hyw `vI|
2. weavb I Kgj GjvKvq wPwZ mvmx I Puv`vevR| Zvì AZvPvi GjvKvi RbMY AwZ| kvgj
mr I agcivqY| GjvKvZ wZwb AbKKB agc_ wdwiq GbQb| weavb I KgjK AvBbi
iKMY wbw Ki djZ PvBjI kvgj ZvZ Avcw Rvbvb| wZwb weavb I KgjK ^vfvweK
Rxeb wdwiq Avbvi `vwqZ wbjb| kvgj weavbK ^vfvweK Rxeb wdwiq AvbZ cvijI
KgjK wdwiq AvbZ cvibwb| Kgj Zvi AvMi Kg cwiZvM KiZ cviwb| GKw`b Aciva
msNUbKvj m RbMYi nvZ aiv co Ges wbnZ nq|
K. Rivm Kvb ivRi ivRv wQjb ?
L. `yhvab hywawiK cvkv Ljvq Avnvb KiwQjb Kb ? evLv Ki|
M. Kvb bwZK wkvi AvjvK kvgj weavbK ^vfvweK Rxeb wdwiq GbwQjb?
Zvgvi cwVZ kxKi RxebPwiZ wkvi AvjvK evLv Ki|
N. bvqi c_ Kgji wdi bv Avmvi KviY Zvgvi cwVZ kxKi Ksmeai wkvi
AvjvK g~jvqb Ki|
Ag Aavq

ew, mgvR ev RvwZ I ewkK chvq GKRb ew ev RvwZi AvPiY Ab ew I mgvR ev RvwZi cwZ Kgb
ne, Zv wbaviYi gvcKvwVUvB nQ bwZK g~jeva| hgb gvbeZveva, mrmvnm, bvqwePvi, mrm,
mshg, Awnsmv cfwZ|
Avgvi Rvwb, bwZK g~jevai gvcKvwVZ wePvi Kiv hvq, K ev Kvb RvwZ KZUv mf ? ew I mvgvwRK
ag bwZK g~jeva MVb mnvqZv Ki| Avevi bwZK g~jeva _K evSv hvq, K KZUzKz agxq gnr Av`k
cvjb Ki| myZivs agi m bwZK g~jevai GKUv mK iqQ| wn`yagi I GK_v chvR|
Avgiv G-Aavq bwZK g~jevai aviYv Ges bvqwePvi, mrm, mshg I Awnsmv G-g~jevajv
wn`yagi AvjvK evLv Kie| evLv Kie cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I ivxq Rxeb GmKj g~jeva MVbi
Dcvq|
Awnsmv Ges mwnsmZv mK AvjvPbv Kie Ges GBWm ivMi KviY, Gi cfve I Gi cwZivai Dcvq
evLv Kie|
G-Aavq _K Avgiv
bwZK g~jevai aviYv evLv KiZ cvie
wn`yagi AvjvK bvqwePvi, mrm, mshg I Awnsmv G-bwZK g~jevajv evLv KiZ cvie
cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I ivxq Rxeb bvqwePvi, mrm, mshg I Awnsmv G-bwZK g~jevajv
MVbi Dcvq evLv KiZ cvie
GBPAvBwf/GBWmi KviY, cfve I Gi cwZiva KiYxq Ges GBWm ivM Avv ivMxi mv_
Kxic AvPiY Kiv DwPZ, Zv wn`yagi AvjvK evLv KiZ cvie
ew I mvgvwRK Rxeb AvjvwPZ bwZK g~jevajvi cwZdjb NUvZ Dy ne|
89
cvV 1 : bwZK g~jevai aviYv

Avgiv Rvwb, bxwZ K_vwUi A_ nQ KvbUv fvjv KvR Avi KvbUv g` KvR Zv Dcjw Ki fvjv KvR
Kivq Dy nIqv Ges fvjv KvR AvZwbqvM Kivi ceYZv |
bxwZi m RwoZ h-welq, ZvK ejv nq bwZKZv| hgb, bwZK wkvi A_ bxwZ-mwKZ wkv|
mZ K_v ejv DwPZ| ZvB Avgiv mevB me`v mZ K_v eje| iyRbì fw Kiv KZe | ZvB mevB
iyRbì fw Kie, Zuvì mev Kie| Ckivb Rxei mev Kie| KviY Rxei ga AvZvic Cki
weivR Kib| Gfve bwZK wkv _K Rxebhvcbi Avgvì h-bwZKZveva RvMZ nq, Zvi bvg
g~jeva|
mKj gvbyliB G-g~jeva _vKv cqvRb| hw` Kvbv ewi ga ev mgvR Gi NvUwZ `Lv `q, Zvnj
Avgiv ewj, g~jevai Aeq NUQ| G-g~jevai cKvk bvbvfve NUZ cvi| hgb iywP ev m`h
mK g~jeva, RMr I Rxeb mK g~jeva BZvw`| ew, mgvR ev RvwZ Ges AvRvwZK G-wZb
chvqB wbw` g~jeva viv Avgiv cwiPvwjZ nB|
g~jevaK hLb bxwZi m mwKZ Ki `Lv nq, ZLb ZvK ejv nq bwZK g~jeva|
g~j K_vUv viv gvb ev cwigvY evSvq| g~jeva nQ RMr I Rxeb mK wewfb cKvi evai GKUv Ask
gv| myZivs Gw`K _K bwZK g~jeva g~jevai GKUv gvbK wb`k Ki| hgb Kvbv gvbylK
Avgiv Kgb `wZ `Le ? bwZK g~jeva ej : wbRi mgvb vb KiZ ne| wKy Avgiv AbK mgq
ckv we c`ghv`v cfwZ weePbv Ki eenvii gvb wbaviY Kwi| GZ bwZK g~jevai cwZdjb NU bv|
hLb gvbylK cKZ ghv`v I mvb w`Z we, ckv, c`ghv`v, aggZ weePbvq bv wbq, mvgi `wZ `wL,
ZLb Zvi ga NUe bwZK g~jevai cKZ cKvk|
agi m bwZK g~jevai Mfxi mK iqQ| agmZ Rxebhvcbi ga bwZK g~jevai cKvk NU|
Avevi bwZK g~jevajv agi A wnme weewPZ nq|
wn`yag bwZK g~jevai GKwU DPgvb cZvkv Ki| whwb avwgK, Zuvi AvPiYi ga bwZK g~jevai
cKvk NUZB ne| KviY bwZK g~jevajv agi A|
GLvb Avgiv wn`yagi AvjvK bvqwePvi, mrm, mshg, Awnsmv G-g~jevajv mK Rvbe|
bZzb k : Dy, we, cwZcvjb|
90
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
cvV 2 : bvqwePvi
GKm emevm KiZ wMq gvbyl h-cwZvb Mo
ZzjQ, Zvi bvg mgvR| mgvR mKjK wgjwgk
_vKZ nq| wKy bvbv KviY mgvRi m`mì ga
gZi Awgj `Lv `q| gZi Awgj gbi Awgj
cwiYZ nq SMov ch Movq| ZLb `yci ga K
mwVK Ges K mwVK bq, Zv wbYq KiZ nq| Avevi
`yci Rb KvDK Awfhy KijB ZvK ` Ìqv
hvq bv| AvmjB m Acivax wK bv Zv wbaviY KiZ
nq| Kvbv welq K mwVK Ges K v, Awfhy
ew Acivax bv wbicivwa G-welq wmv MnYi h
cwZ, Zvi bvgwePvi|
wePviKK _vKZ nq wbic| ZvuK wbfyjfve wePvi KiZ nq K mwVK Avi K mwVK bq wKsev Awfhy
Acivax bv wbiciva| Kvbv ci cwZ ccvwZZ bv `wLq bxwZ Ges ag ev AvBbi AvjvK wePvi Kivi
bvg bvqwePvi|
bvqwePvi mgvRK myc_ cwiPvwjZ Kivi ewj f~wgKv cvjb Ki| wePviK hLb wePvi Kib, ZLb K
cy, K ez, K AvZxq, Zv `Lb bv| ZvuK bvq-bxwZ, ag ev AvBb Ges hywi viv cwiPvwjZ nZ nq|
mLvb kv, mn, fvjvevmv cfwZ AveMi Kvbv vb bB| Awfhy ewi Rb K cjI wePviKK
bvqwePvi KiZ nq|
G-welq Kweiy iex`bv_ VvKzi ejQb
`wZi mv_ ``vZv Kvu` he
mek m wePvi|
Avgiv wezf cnvì K_v Rvwb| wZwb `ZKzj Rb wbqI wezf nqQb| bvqwePvii RbI wZwb
cwm nq AvQb| GLb gnvfviZ _K Zuvi bvqwePvii GKwU DcvLvb Rvbe|
cvV 3 : cnvì bvqwePvi

wezf cnv` ivRZ KiQb| Zvui mykvmb cRviv myLB AvQ| Zvui Qj weivPb| weivPb ivRcy ejB
nvK, Avi wbRi Pwii RbB nvK, wKQzUv DZ Avi AnsKvix| ZLb ivRavbxZ mya^v bvg GK ZiyY
evY wQjb| GB mya^vi m ivRcy weivPbi mK fvjv wQjv bv| GKevi `yRbi ga K vb I
Y AMMY Zv wbq i mw nq| ZLb weivPb ejb, Pjv, Avgiv wevb ewì KvQ G-welq
wePvii fvi AcY Kwi|
91
ZLb mya^v ejjb, ivRv njb kvmK| myZivs ivRvi KvQB wePvi cv_bv Kiv DwPZ| Pjv, Avgiv Zvgvi
wcZv gnvivR cnvì KvQ hvB| Avkv Kwi wZwb bvqwePvi Kieb|
`yRb gnvivR cnvì KvQ wMq wePvi cv_bv Kijb| gnvivR cnv` me b ejjb, ivRcy weivPb
kwgvb I eywgvb ; wK Zvi JZ I AnsKvi Zvi PwiK wKQzUv gwjb KiQ hgb Pvuì iqQ
Kj|
weivPb : wcZv
cnv` : nvu cy| evav wÌ bv, AvgvK ejZ `vI|
cnv` ejZ jvMjb, evYKzgvi mya^v agcivqY, mZev`x Ges ah I mshgi ej ejxqvb| Awnsmv Zvi
PwiK AviI Dj KiQ| myZivs weivPb I mya^vi ga mya^vB vb I Y AMMY|
cyi cwZ ccvwZZ bv `wLq wbicfve cnvì G-wePvi bvqwePvii GK Dj `v nq iqQ|
GKK KvR : cnvì bvqwePvii wkv Zzwg Kxfve RxebvPiY cqvM Kie|
cvV 4 I 5 : mrm
mrm nQ mrjvKi mvwba| mr jvKi m Pjv-div, IVvemv wKsev Rxebhvcb| mrm AZ gayi|
mrjvKi m _vKj wbw _vKv hvq| KviY mrjvK Kviv wZ Zv KibB bv, eis cvij DcKvi
Kib| ZvB Zv cePb iqQ, mrm ^Mevm, Amrm mebvk|
kxivgK cignsmè eevi mrmi K_v fì ejQb| wZwb ejQb h mrm gbK cwe Ki,
PwiK DbZ Ki Ges fwfve RvMZ Ki|
92
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
Avgiv bwQ cikcv_i jvnvK ^Y cwiYZ Ki| Zgwb mrm `yeKI mr I gnr Ki Zvj |
G-mK GKwU Kvwnbx ejwQ|
mvay I kxai
Qvqv mywbweo myì GKwU Mvg| mLvb evm KiZ GKwU wKkvi| bvg Zvi kxai| fxlY `y wQj m, AZB
iM hZ | SMov jvwMq gvivgvwi KiZ| GgbwK Pzwi KiZI Zvi Kvbv Kzv wQj bv|
kxai GKw`b NyiZ NyiZ Gj e`wiKv Avkg| weLvZ Avkg| KZ gwì, KZ agkvjv, KZ wkvcwZvb|
mLvbKvi GK gwì Mj m | `Lj, gwìi weMni Mjvq SzjQ gyvi gvjv| ivZ ch Acv Kij m|
Zvici Mfxi ivZ myKkj Pzwi Kij èweMni Mjvi mB gyvi gvjv| Pzwi Ki mLvb _K cvjvj m|
myì gvjvwU Mjvq ci m c_ PjZ jvMj| NyiZ NyiZ m Gj GK mvayi Avkg|
mvay Zuvi mvabvi cvkvcvwk mev-kyk~lv Kib| ejb, RxeK mev Kij CkiK mev Kiv nq|
mvay kxaiK ejjb, Avgvi GKUv DcKvi
KiZ cvie, evev ?
kxai, Kx KiZ ne ejyb|
mbvmx ZLb Zuvi Svjv _K GKwU gyv ei
Ki ejjb, G gyvwU GKRbi gvjv _K
Lm coQ| gvjvi gvwjK e`wiKv Avkg _K
GmQb| wZwb PjQb Zvui `k| gyvwU Avwg
Zvgvq w`wQ| c_ PjZ hw` `Lv nq, Zvnj
IUv ZuvK w`q wÌ| kxai gyvwU nvZ wbj
Zvici wbRi gvjvq nvZ w`q `Lj, gyvwU Zvi
Mjvi gvjv _KB Lm coQ| KLb Kxfve
coQ, Zv m wbRB Rvb bv|
mvayK ck Kij kxai, Avcwb Kgb Ki Rvbjb h Avgvi Mjvi gvjv _KB gyv Lm coQ? wK
gvjvwU Avgvi bq, Avwg GUv e`wiKv Avkgi GK èweMni Mjv _K Pzwi KiwQ| GLb Kx Kie Avwg !
GK_v ejB m Kvu`Z jvMj|
mvay eySjb, Amr `q mZZvi D`q nqQ| wZwb kxaiK ejjb, evev kxai, GKevi cvc Kij h
wPiKvj KiZ ne, Zv bq| Gmv, cyYi c_ Gmv| èZvi gvjv Zzwg èZvK wdwiq w`q Gmv| Zvnj
wZwbB ZvgvK gv Kieb|
mvayi K_vgZv kxai e`wiKv Avkg Mj, KvDK bv Rvwbq èweMni Mjvi mB gyvi gvjvwU cwiq w`j|
Zvici evwo bv wMq wdi Mj mB mvayi Avkg|
kxai mvayi m _vK| mvay cwZw`b fvi vb Kib| kxaiI cwZw`b fvi DV vb Kiv iy Kij| m
jM coj Avkgi bvbv KvR|
93
GKw`b b`xZ GKwU weovjK nveyWzey LZ `L m Svuc w`q coj| Zzj Avbj weovjwUK|
msvgK evwaZ gZ GK wfLvwii ke Kvua Ki kkvb wbq Mj m|
Gfve AvZi mevq eZx njv kxai|
GKw`b m mvayi AbygwZ wbq evwo Mj| ZvK `L KD wPbZ cvij bv| cvie Kx Ki ? m Zv Avi
AvMi kxai bB| m GLb ZiyY mvaK| Ze Zvi gv ZvK wPbjb,
kxai, ZzB !
nvu gv Avwg| Avwg Zvgvi kxai|
`ye kxai bq, Pvi kxai bq| m GLb mr I meveZx|
mrm Gfve `yeK mr I meveZx GK gnvb gvbyl cwiYZ KiZ cvi|
mrmi GgbB gwngv|
`jxq KvR: kxaii wkv ew I mgvRRxeb Kx cfve djZ cvi G-welq GKwU ce jL|
bZzb k : Kzv, agkvjv, weMn, ke, eZx, `ye, meveZx|
cvV 6 I 7 : mshg
mshg K_vwUi A_ njv wbRK wbqY Kiv| kv wn`yagi h-`kwU jYi K_v ejv nqQ, `g I
Bw`qwbMn mjvi AMZ| `g gvb `gb Kiv| Bw`qwbMn gvb Bw`qK wbqY Kiv| Bw`qi `vwe
Abymvi bv Pj ZvK wbRi BQgZv PvjvbvKB ej Bw`qwbMn|
GKwU D`vniY w`j welqwU AviI ne| aiv hvK, evwoZ weqi Abyvb| GKwU Ni cPzi `Bwgw
Gb ivLv nqQ| Avwg H Ni XzKjvg| Ni Avi KD bB| Avgvi jvf njv, ILvb _K GKUv wgw Zzj
LvB| KD Zv Avi `LQ bv| ciYB wPv njv, gvbyl bv nvK Cki Zv `LQb| ZvQvov Pywi Kiv GKUv
AbwZK KvR| ZvB Avwg jvfK `gb Kijvg| Gi ga w`q Avgvi wRnev bvgK Bw`qK wbMn ev wbqY
Kviv njv| `g I Bw`qwbMnK GKm mshg ejv nq|
G-mshg Zcmvi Ask| Zcmv nQ j ARbi Rb mhZ cPv Pvjvbv| hvMkv ejv nqQ, agi
PviwU wfw| Gjv nQ : Zcmv, kP, `qv I mZ| ZcmvB g~j ag| Aci wZbwU Zcmvi Ask ej
weewPZ| Zcmvi Avevi cKvif` AvQ| hgb kvixwiK Zcmv, evwPK Zcmv, gvbwmK Zcmv BZvw`|
kxZ, DZv, yav, Zv BZvw` mn Kiv, èZvì c~Rv, iyRbì kv Kiv, mijZv, Awnsmv cfwZ
kvixwiK Zcmv|
mZ, wcq, wnZKi evKi cqvM I kvcvVK evwPK Zcmv ej| Avi wPi cmbZv AwbziZv evKmshg I
AvZmshg (wbRK wbqY Kiv), QjPvZzix bv Kiv BZvw` nQ gvbwmK Zcmv| myZivs `Lv hvQ, mshg
Zcmvi Ask Ges agiI A|
94
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
mshg Qvov Rxeb nvjnxb bKv ev evnxb Nvovi gZv| Kvbv wbqY _vK bv| Zvi dj Rxeb Avm
DPQLjZv| mshg Avgvì PwiK kLjvgwZ I gnr Ki| myZivs mshgmvabv wmwjvfi AbZg cavb Dcvq|
mshg ePhi Ask| mshgi ga w`q iyMn wkvRxeb AwZevwnZ Kivi mgqKvjK kv ePh ejv
nqQ| myZivs mshg nQ QvRxebi A |
mshg bv _vKj ewMZ I mvgvwRK h-Kvb KvR c nIqvi mvebv _vK| ZvB Zv ejv nq, mshg nvwiq
iM Mjb Zv ni Mjb|
mshgK mviv Rxebi mx KiZ ne| Rxebi mKj mshg eRvq ivLZ ne| Fwl ewk mevevq
mshg eRvq iLQb ejB wZwb meRbc~R gnwlic ^xKZ nqwQjb|
cvi Fwl `yevmv gvSgvSB mshg nvivZb| Zvi Rb wZwb K fvM KiQb Ges Achk KjwZ
nqQb|
myZivs mshg Rxebi mnvqK| cigZmwnz nZ njI mshgi Afvm KiZ ne|
mshg I cigZmwnzZv ewRxeb I mgvRRxeb cwiPvjbvi Acwinvh|
GKK KvR : Rxeb mshgi cqvRbxqZv mK cuvPwU evK jL|
bZzb k : `g, Bw`qwbMn, Zcmv, kP, evwPK, wnZKi, cmbZv, evKmshg, QjPvZzix, nvjnxb,
evnxb, wmwjvf|
cvV 8 : Awnsmv
RxeK cxob I nZv bv KivK ejv nq Awnsmv| hvMkv hg (mshg), wbqg, Avmb, cvYvqvg, cZvnvi, avb,
aviYv I mgvwa bvg hvMi AvUwU Ai K_v ejv nqQ| hg ev mshg Awnsmvi wfw|
mwnsmZv Awnsmvi wecixZ| RxeK cxob ev nZv Kivi cewK ej mwnsmZv|
Avgiv we, LvwZ, cwZcw, hk BZvw` cZ PvB| Avi Gjv cvIqvi c_ hviv evav nq `vuovq, Zvì cwZ
mwnsm AvPiY Kwi| G-AvPiY AbwZK|
mswnsmZv mgvR wekLjZv mw Ki Ges gvbylK K `q| AbK mgq mswnsmZv cvYniYi KviY nq|
myZivs mwnsmZv Aag|
gbymswnZvq ejv nqQ, whwb wbyi AvPiY Kib bv, KvDK wnsmv Kib bv, wZwb ^MjvK Rq KiZ cvib
(4/246)| gbymswnZv _K Awnsmv mK AviI RvbZ cvwi h, whwb Awnsm, wZwb agKZmn mKj
mrKvR mvdj jvf Kib| (5/45)|
ay gby mswnZvZB bq, wn`yagi wewfb M Awnsmv mK wei AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| Awnsmv hg (mshg)
bvgK hvMi Ask wnme mvabv ev Zcmvi mnvqK, BnjvKi Aej^b Ges cijvK gvjvfi AbZg
cavb Dcvq| ZvB Zv ejv nq Awnsmv cig ag|
95
gnvfviZ hywawiK Dc`k w`Z wMq fx ejQb, mKj Rxe Awnsmv cig ag ej Rvbe|
wnsmvi cwiYvg f nq bv| Kieiv cveì wnsmv KiZb| Zvuì cwiYvg f nqwb|
Ze Awnsmv ejZ wK KvcyiylZv ev fxiyZvK evSvq bv| wbwePvi gvI evSvq bv| bvqwePvi Ki Acivaxi
kvw`vb wnsmv ej MY ne bv|
wbRi ^v_ cicxob, cii wZ Kivi Pv ev KvDK nZv KivKB mwnsmZv ejv nqQ| myZivs cicxob
bv KivB Awnsmv| Awnsmv ewK gnvb Ki, mgvR kvw Avm| Awnsmv agi A Ges GKwU AbymiYxq
bwZK g~jeva|
bZzb k : hvMkv, cew, BnjvK, cijvK, gvjvf, Kie, cve|
cvV 9 : cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I ivxq Rxeb bvqwePvi, mrm, mshg I Awnsmv G-g~jevajv
MVbi Dcvq|
bvqwePvi
wezf cnvì Av`k AbymiY Ki Avgiv cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I ivxq Rxeb bvqwePvi bvgK g~jeva
MVb KiZ cvwi| gnvfviZ AvQ, Ahvavi ivRv mZKvgi wcZv ivRv `ygrmb gZzì hvM KqKRb
AcivaxK mZKvgi KvQ cvwVqwQjb| mZKvg ZLb ejwQjb, Acivaxi Kvh bxwZkv Abymvi wePvi bv
Ki gZz` Ìqv Abvq| mZKvgi K_vi ga bvqwePvii Av`k cwZdwjZ nqQ| myZivs agM _K
Avgiv hw` bvqwePvii Av`k MnY Kwi, Zvnj cwievi, mgvR I ivxq Rxeb bvqwePvii g~jeva MwVZ
ne|
mrm
mrmi Av`kI Avgiv agM _K cvB| Amrm cwiZvM Ki Avgiv hw` mrm Kwi, Zvnj mrmi
g~jeva MwVZ ne| mrm Kej cuyw_MZ we`vi welq bq, Zv AvPiYxq welq| Rxeb cqvM Kivi welq|
mshg
mshg Av hvMi AbZg| cwievi I mgvRi mKj m`m hw` cwZwbqZ mshZ AvPiY Ki, Zvnj
cwievi I mgvRRxeb mshg bvgK g~jevawU MwVZ ne| Avi G mshZ gvbylì AvPiY mvgvwRK I ivxq
AvPiYI cwZdwjZ ne| myZivs mshZ AvPiYi AbykxjbB mshg bvgK g~jevawU MVbi Dcvq|
Awnsmv
Awnsmv hg ev mshg bvgK Av hvMi A| Awnsmv Qvov agvPiY me bq| AwnsmvI Abykxjbmva| Kvbv
AevZB Avgiv RxeK wnsmv Kie bv| RxeK e vb Kie| Zvnj Avi gb wnsmvi Rb ne bv|
kxg`&fMe`&MxZvi Dc`k AbymiY Ki va I ClvK `~i ivLe| gbi ga me`v _vKe mvl| myL I `ytLK
mgvbfve MnY Kie| cvwZ AnsKvix ne bv, AcvwZI fO coe bv| Gfve Rxebhvcb Kij Awnsm neB|
96
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
gvUK_v, Dcjw I AbykxjbB h-Kvbv cKvi g~jeva MVbi cK Dcvq| GK_v gb iL eve Rxeb
Zvi cwZdjb NUvZ mP _vKe|
bZzb k : Av, Abykxjmva, Clv, Acvw|
cvV 10 : GBPAvBwf/GBWm I Zvi cwZKvi

GBWm I GBPAvBwfi aviYv
bwZKZvi wecixZ cew nQ AbwZKZv| gvbyl hgb fvjv KvR Ki, Zgwb g` KvRI wj nq| mv`vi
wecixZ hgb Kvjv _vK, Zgwb Avjvi wecixZ _vK AKvi| Avgvì bwZK g~jevai cvkvcvwk
AbwZK KvR mKI aviYv ARb KiZ nq| AbwZK KvRK wPb ivLj Avgviv Zv _K weiZ _vKvi Rb
mZK _vKZ cvie| Avgiv l I mg kwYZ a~gcvb I gv`Kvmwi gZv AbwZK KvR mK RbwQ|
G-kwYZ Avgiv GLb Ggb GKwU ivM mK Rvbe, hvi Drm GKwU AbwZK KvR| ivMwUi bvg GBWm|
GBWm GKwU gvivZK ivM| GBWmG Avv nj ivMxi ivMcwZiva gZv gv^q Kg hvq| Zvi dj
m bvbvcKvi ivM NbNb Avv nZ _vK| G-ivM GLb ch wbivgqhvM bq| kl ch ivMxi
AKvjgZz NU|
GBWm K_vwU BsiwR AIDS-Gi c~Yic njv :
A = Acquired
I = Immune
D = Deficiency
S = Syndrome
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome msc AIDS (GBWm)|
GBWm ivM nq GKcKvi AwZ z`vKwZi RxevYy _K| hvK wPwKrmvwevbxiv ejb GKcKvi fvBivm| G
fvBivmwUi bvg nQ GBPAvBwf| GBPAvBwf BsiwR HIV-Gi c~Yic : Human Immune Deficiency Virus.
GBWm-Gi KviY
K. kixi GBPAvBwf fvBivm AvQ, Ggb KviI i hw` Abi kixi mvjb Kiv nq, Zvnj i MnYKvix
ewi GBWm Avv nIqvi SuywK _vK| GKRbi eeZ wmwi ev myB hw` AbRb evenvi Ki
Zvnj GBPAvBwf fvBivm msgYi SzuwK _vK| hviv BbRKkbi gvag bkv Ki, Zviv Gfve
GBWmG Avv nZ cvi| hnZz ii ga w`q GBPAvBwf msvwgZ nq, myZivs eeZ eW, zi,
PvKz BZvwì gvagI G-RxevYy QovZ cvi|
97
L. GBWm-Gi AbZg KviY nQ hbwgjb| KD hw` GBPAvBwf fvBivm enb KiQ, Ggb KviI m
hbfve wgwjZ nq, Zvnj Zvi GBWm-G Avv nIqvi mvebv _vK|
M.
MfKvjxb mgq ev Mfvevq, cmeKvj Ges Rbi ci eyKi `yai gvag wki kixi
GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv _vK|
Ze GBWm QuvqvP ivM bq| GBmWG Avv ivMxi m `bw`b mvaviY KvRKg Kij GBWm nIqvi
Kvbv mvebv bB|
GBWmG Avv ivMxi m KvjvKzwj Kij, GKB UqjU eenvi Kij, Zvi Kd ev mw` _K wKsev Zvi
PvLi Rj ev Nvg _K GBPAvBwf msgYi Kvbv mvebv bB|
GBPAvBwf msgY nq i, hbwgjb Ges Avv gvqi eyKi `yai gvag|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi cfve
1. ^vmevi Ici cfve
K. GBPAvBwf/GBWm Rb^vMZ gvivZK mgmvi mw Ki|
L. ^vLvZ eivi GKUv eo Ask Avvì cQb eq KiZ nq|
M. GKRb GBPAvBwf cwRwUf enbKvixi viv evwnZ nq GBWm ivM Abì mswgZ KiZ cvi|
2. A_bwZK cfve
K. Drcv`b LvZ wZM nq|
L. chUb LvZ wZM nq|
3. mvgvwRK cfve
K. Abv_ ev GwZg I weaevì msLv ew cvq|
L. mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK eb wkw_j nq|
M. GBWmG Avv ewK mgvRi AwaKvsk jvK NYvi PvL `L| Avv ewI jvq gig
gi _vK|
N. Rxeb ebv, nZvkv, Awekvm, fq I AwbqZv ew cvq|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm cwZivai Dcvq

hme KviY GBPAvBwf mswgZ nq GBWm ivMi mw Ki, mjv cwinvi KiZ ne, hgb
1. i cixv Kivi mgq `LZ ne, i`vZv GBPAvBwf enb KiQ wK bv | GBPAvBwf-Avv ewi i
MnY Kiv hve bv|
98
wn`yag I bwZK wkv
2. agxq Abykvmb gb ePh Aej^b KiZ ne| Kvbv AevZB hbwgjb wj nIqv hve bv|
3. weevwnZ Rxeb ^vgx/xi gaB hbwgjb NUe| Aea hbwgjb _K wPiZi weiZ _vKZ ne|
wn`yag QvRxeb KVvi ePh cvjbi weavb iqQ| gbymswnZvq ci`viMgb bvgK cvcK cgnvcvci
AbZg ej eYbv Kiv nqQ| G-ag gv`KvmwK Kej eRb KiZB ejwb, gv`Kvmi msmM hvIqv ev
_vKvKI gnvcvc ej MY Kiv nqQ|
myZivs wn`yagi wewaweavb Z_v Abykvmb h_vh_fve gb Pjj ay GBWmB bv, h-Kvbv iKg hbivM
Avv nIqvi mvebv _vKe bv|
Avgvì `n Zv AvZvic weivRgvb Ckii gwì| Avgiv evBii gwì cwivi cwiQb I cwe ivwL|
Zvnj `ngwìK cwe ivLe bv Kb ? Avi `ngwìK cwe ivLjB GBPAvBwf/GBWm _K gy _vKZ
cvie|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avv ivMxi cwZ AvPiY

wn`yag ej, cvcK NYv Ki, cvcxK bq| ZvB Avgiv GBWm ivM Avv ewi m ggZvgq AvPiY
Kie| GKRb ^vfvweK gvbyl _K ZuvK Avjv`v Ki `Le bv| Zuvi gvbweK ghv`vK LvUv Ki `Le bv|
KviY Avgiv Rvwb, GBWm msvgK ivM bq| ZvB GBWmG Avv ewK mgvR _K wewQb Ki ivLvi
Kvbv cqvRb bB|
Avgiv Ggb fve GKRb GBPAvBwf/GBWmG Avv ivMxi m evenvi Kie, hvZ Zuvi ^vfvweK Rxebhvv
evnZ bv nq| wZwb hb ^vfvweKfve mKj KvR KiZ cvib| Zuvi gb hb cdzj _vK| wn`yag RxeK evb
mev KiZ ejQ| GBWm ivM Avv ewI hb m-mev _K ewZ bv nq|
`jxq KvR : GBWm ivMxì cwZ KiYxq w`Kjv wjL cvvi Zwi Ki|
bZzb k : wbivgqhvM, wmwi, eW, yi, hbwgjb, MfKvjxb, cmeKvj, QuvqvP, ci`viMgb,
cgnvcvc, `ngwì|
Abykxjbx
k~bvb c~iY Ki :
1. Avgvì me`v .................... K_v ejv DwPZ|
2. g~j K_vwU viv gvb ev ............... evSvq|
3. bwZK g~jeva ..................... A|
4. cnv` .............. RbMnY KiwQjb|
5. mrm nQ ................. mvwba|
99

evg cvk
Wvb cvk
1. cikcv_i
CkiK mev Kiv nq
2. Rxemev Kij
mvb Kib
3. mvay cwZw`b fvi
gnr Y
4. cigZmwnzZv
wnsmvi wecixZ w`K

jvnvK ^Y cwiYZ Ki

1. mrm ejZ Kx evSvq ?
2. AwnsmvK cig ag ejvi KviY eywSq jL
3. gvbeRxeb mshgi cqvRbxqZv eywSq jL|
4. bwZK g~jevai aviYv evLv Ki|
wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :

1. eZgvb mgvR bvqwePvii cqvRbxqZv evLv Ki|
2. mrmi gvag Rxebi Pig wkLi AvivnY Kiv me kxaii Rxebvejb evLv Ki|
3. GBWm cwZivai Rb PvB mKji mwwjZ cPv gewU evLv Ki|
ewbevPwb ck :
1. hvMkv hvMi KqwU Ai K_v ejv nqQ ?
K. PviwU
L. QqwU
M. AvUwU
N. `kwU
2. GBWm cwZivai Rb cqvRb

i.
agxq Abykvmb
ii. ewmPZbZv
iii. mnbkxjZv
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. i I ii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
100
wn`yag I bwZK wkv

iweb `Lj KqKwU Qj KZ~njekZ GKwU weovjK AvNvZ KiQ| weovjwUi LyeB Lvivc Aev| m
QjjvK Zvwoq w`j Ges weovjwUK evwoZ wbq mev KiZ jvMj|
3. iwebi ga KvR KiQ
i.
Awnsmv
ii. bvq-wePvi
iii. mrm
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. i I ii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
4. D KvRi gvag iwebi c me

i.
cyYvRb
ii. fvjvevmv jvf

iii. ^Mjvf
wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i
L. i I ii
M. ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
mRbkxj ck :
w`bkevey GjvKvq abx ew wnme cwiwPZ| Zuvi `yB Qj| eo Qj XvKvq GKwU emiKvwi msvq
PvKwi Ki, Avi QvU Qj evwoZB Zuvi mv_ msmvii KvRKg Z`viwK Ki| eo Qj Awdmi
KvRi Svgjvq mnR evwo hZ cvi bv, Avi mUvB w`bkeveyi vf| wZwb GKevi Lye Amy nq
cob, GB mgq wZwb Zuvi mì Pvi fvMi wZb fvM QvU Qji bvg wjL `b|
K. cnvì cyi bvg Kx ?
L. mrmK AZ gayi ejvi KviY evLv Ki|
M. w`bkeveyi AvPiYi mv_ bwZK g~jevai Kvb w`KwUi emv`k j Kiv hvq ? evLv Ki|
N. w`bkeveyi KvRwU Zvgvi cwVZ cnvì bvqwePvi DcvLvbi AvjvK g~jvqb Ki|

8 Hindu Dhrmo

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8 Hindu Dhrmo

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RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW KZK 2013 wkvel _K

Ag kwYi cvVcyZKi~c wbavwiZ

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

[cKvkK KZK me^Z msiwZ]

c_g cKvk : m^i, 2012

cvVcyK cYqb mg^qK

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

miKvi KZK webvg~j weZiYi Rb

wn`yagi ^i~c I wekvm

`e-`ex I c~Rv cveY

agxq DcvLvb bwZK wkv

wn`yag I bwZK g~jeva

Cki GK I AwZxq G-aviYvwU evLv KiZ cvie

e, Cki, fMevb I RxevZv G-aviYvmg~ni evLv KiZ cvie

vbx, hvMx I fi `wZ Ckii ^ic evLv KiZ cvie

Ckii AvZvic Aevb I ^ic evLv KiZ cvie

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

cvV 1 : Cki GK I AwZxq

GKK KvR : Ckii GKZ mK kZvkZi Dcwbl`i

cvV 2 : e, Cki, fMevb I RxevZv

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

mxgvi gvS Amxg Zzwg

cvV 3 : vbx, hvMx I fi `wZ Cki

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

cvV 4 : cv_bvg~jK g I evsjv KweZv

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

wgjKiY : Wvb cvk _K k ev evKvsk wbq evg cvki mv_ wgj Ki :

1. Cki hLb wbivKvi

mekwgvb mKj Rxe I ei mv

wbPi ckjvi msc Di `vI :

wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :

2. mKj Rxei ga PZbeva RvMZ Kib K ?

wbPi AbyQ`wU co 3 I 4 b^i cki Di `vI :

4. mRji D KvRi gyL Dk

ii. BnjwKK myL

ew`K mvwnZi msw cwiPq w`Z cvie

Rxeb I agvPiY e` I kxg`&fMe`&MxZvi wkvi cwZdjb NUvZ cvie|

cvV 1 : ew`K mvwnZi cwiwPwZ

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

cvV 2 : PZze`i welqe

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

bZzb k : A`w, AwijvK, m~, kj, A_evwim, loR, Flf|

cvV 3 : agvPiY PZze`i cfve

GKK KvR : e`i wkv Zzwg Kxfve RxebvPiY cqvM Kie|

cvV 4 : kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvi welqe

GKK KvR : kxg`&fMe`&MxZvi welqe jL|

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

bZzb k : Kie, cvy|

cvV 5 : kxg`&fMe`&MxZvq PZyeY, KZecvjb, mvg I fw

kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvq ejv nqQ f Kvgbv-evmbv gy neb| Zuvi mg Kgi dj Ckii Dk wbe`b

cvV 6 : RxebvPiY kxg`&fMe`&MxZvi wkv

wn`yag I bwZK wkv

Wvb cvk _K k ev evKvsk wbq evg cvki mv_ wgj Ki :

f~wg cwigvc we`vi De NUQ

4. hi ew` wbgvYKkj _KB

5. RvwZ ev eYf` eskMZ bn

wbPi ckjvi msc Di `vI :

wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :

5. mvg I fw mK kxg`&&fMe`&&MxZvi wkv D`vniYmn evLv Ki|

2. e`vi AbZg A KvbwU ?

3. B`, evqy cgyL `eZviv cw_exZ