MOBILE PHONES FOR OLD/DISABLED

PEOPLE
A Minor Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment
For the award of the degree
Of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics & Telecommunication
By

Farheen Siddiqui , Laxmi Kumari , Shilpi Gupta

To the

BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,DURG

CHHATTISGARH SWAMI VIVEKANAND TECHNICAL
UNIVERSITY
September 2015

DECLARATION
We the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the project work entitled Mobile
Phones for Old/Disabled People is based on our own work carried out during the course of our
study under the supervision of Mr. Naveen Kumar Dewangan. We assert that the statements
made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of the project work.

Farheen Siddiqui
3012812024

Laxmi Kumari
3012812048

Shilpi Gupta
3012812113

CERTIFICATE
It is certified that the work contained in the report entitled Mobile phones for old/disabled
people by Farheen Siddiqui (3012812024), Laxmi Kumari (3012812048), Shilpi Gupta
(3012812113) has been carried out under the supervision of Mr. Naveen Kumar Dewangan
and this work has been submitted for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics & Telecommunication.

Mrs. K.Uma

Mr. Naveen Kumar Dewangan

(Assistant Professor)

Electronics & Telecommunication

Electronics & Telecommunication

Bhilai Institute of Technology,Durg

Bhilai Institute of Technology,Durg

Mrs. Manisha Sharma

(Head of Department)
Electronics & Telecommunication
Bhilai Institute of Technology,Durg

CERTIFICATE BY THE EXAMINERS

The report entitled Mobile Phones for Old/Disabled People submitted by Farheen
Siddiqui(3012812024), Laxmi Kumari (3012812048), Shilpi Gupta(3012812113) has been
examined by the undersigned as a part of the examination and is hereby recommended for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Telecommunication to
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University.

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It has indeed been a great priviledge for us to have Mr.N.K.Dewangan,Department of

electronics and telecommunication and Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology durg as our
mentor and guide for this project.His inspiring personality,superb guidance and encouragement
are the motive force behind this project work. We take this opportunity to express our utmost
gratitude to him.

We are highly greatful to Mrs.K.Uma our project incharge for providing necessary facilities and
encouraging us during the course of work.We are thankful to all the technical and non-technical
staff of the department of electronics and Telecommunication Engineering for their constant
assistance and co-operation.

Farheen Siddiqui
Laxmi Kumari
Shilpi Gupta
B.E semester VII

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter

Title

Introduction

II

Literature review

III

Methedology

IV

a) Advantage &
Disadvantage
b) Applications
Conclusion and Future
Scope
References

Page No.

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays as the technology is getting updated day by day which is making educated
people
to easily operate the mobile phone.But it becomes somewhat critical for old/disabled people to
easily operate the mobile phone to call a specific person.

The project Design and development of mobile phones for old/disabled people will provide
an easy method for the disabled to call a specific person.

In this project we are going to design sign language translator for disable person.This project
will change the sign language of disable person into understandable form.

This project also going to help the old people who cant move from his/her bed .In the case of
emergency the person will move his/her finger to call his/her family members

LITERATURE REVIEW

Year and publication

MAY 2013

Author of the paper

Amruthesh M,

Title of the paper

Translating Indian

Work of the paper

Convert incoming

Shri Madhwa Vadiraja Ashik,

Sign language using

message into voice

Institute of tech

Sujith,

flex sensor

October 2012

Solanki Krunal

Indian sign language

Flex gloves are used

using flex sensor

for five fingers.

Analysis of sign

Different existing

language notation

notation system

Government
Engineering College,
Gandhi Nagar
May 2012

Jessica hutchinson

Rhodes university

analysed with
Proposed semantic

phonemic model
Sign language depend

King Saud

machine translation

on hands and facial

University,Riyadh

system

expressions to express

June 2013

Ameera M.Almasoud

instead of thoughts.

LIST OF COMPONENTS

Sr.no

Equipment

Quantity

Flex Sensor

GSM SIM 900

Relay ULN 2003

Voltage regulator

LCD Display

Transformer

Diode

Resistor

Capacitor

10

LED

11

Microcontroller (AT89C51)

1)FLEX SENSORS
Flex sensors are sensors thatchange in resistance depending on the amount of bend on the sensor.
They convert the change in bend to electrical resistance- the more the bend the more the
resistance value
They are usually in the form of a thin strip from 1-5 long tht vary in resistance.
They can be made uni-directional or bi-directional.
Sizes
-1 kilo ohm to 20 kilo ohm
-50 kilo ohm to 50
-50 kilo ohm to 200 kilo ohm

Flex sensor are analog resistors.

They work as variable analog voltage dividers.
Inside the flex sensor are carbon resistive elements within a thin flexible substrate.More carbon
means less resistance.
When the substrate is bent the sensor produces a resistance output relative to the bend radius.

2) GSM SIM 900

The SIM900 is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT module

which can be embedded in the customer applications. Featuring an industrystandard interface, the SIM900 delivers GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz
performance for voice, SMS, Data, and Fax in a small form factor and with low
power consumption. With a tiny configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3 mm,
SIM900 can fit almost all the space requirements in your M2M application,
especially for slim and compact demand of design. SIM900 is designed with a
very powerful single-chip processor integrating AMR926EJ-S core Quad - band
GSM/GPRS module with a size of 24mmx24mmx3mm SMT type suit for
customer application An embedded Powerful TCP/IP protocol stack Based
upon mature and field-proven platform, backed up by our support service, from
definition to design and production
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular
technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM differs
from first generation wireless systems in that it uses digital technology and Time
Division Multiple Access (TDMA) transmission methods. GSM is a circuitswitched system that divides each 200kHz channel into eight 25kHz time-slots.
GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz and
850MHz bands in the US. The 850MHz band is also used for GSM and 3GSM
in Australia, Canada and many South American countries. GSM supports data
transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbit/s, allowing the transmission of basic data services
such as SMS (Short Message Service). Another major benefit is its international
roaming capability, allowing users to access the same services
when travelling abroad as at home. This gives consumers seamless and same
number connectivity in more than 210 countries. GSM satellite roaming has also
extended service access to areas where terrestrial coverage is not available.
Global System for Mobile Communications. The first European digital standard,
developed to establish cellular compatibility throughout Europe. It's success has
spread to all parts of the world and over 80 GSM networks are now operational. It
operates at 900 MHz.
GSM-900 uses 890 - 915 MHz to send information from the Mobile Station to
the Base Transceiver Station (uplink) and 935 - 960 MHz for the other direction
(downlink), providing 124 RF channels (channel numbers 1 to 124) spaced at 200
kHz. Duplex spacing of 45 MHz is used. In some countries the GSM-900 band
has been extended to cover a larger frequency range. This 'extended GSM', EGSM, uses frequency range 880 - 915 MHz (uplink) and 925 - 960 MHz
(downlink), adding 50 channels (channel numbers 975 to 1023 and 0) to the
original GSM-900 band. The GSM specifications also describe 'railways
GSM', GSM-R, which uses frequency range 876 - 915 MHz (uplink) and 921 -

960 MHz (downlink). Channel numbers 955 to 1023. GSM-R provides additional
channels and specialized services for use by railway personnel. All these variants
are included in the GSM-900 specification.

1) Mobile Station

The mobile station (MS) consists of the mobile equipment (the terminal) and a smart
card called the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). The SIM provides personal mobility,
so that the user can have access to subscribed services irrespective of a specific terminal.
By inserting the SIM card into another GSM terminal, the user is able to receive calls at
that terminal, make calls from that terminal, and receive other subscribed services.

The mobile equipment is uniquely identified by the International Mobile Equipment

Identity (IMEI). The SIM card contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity
(IMSI) used to identify the subscriber to the system, a secret key for authentication, and
other information. The IMEI and the IMSI are independent, thereby allowing personal
mobility. The SIM card may be protected against unauthorized use by a password or
personal identity number.

2) Mobile Switching Centre

The central component of the Network Subsystem is the Mobile services Switching
Center (MSC). It acts like a normal switching node of the PSTN or ISDN, and
additionally provides all the functionality needed to handle a mobile subscriber, such as
registration, authentication, location updating, handovers, and call routing to a roaming
subscriber. These services are provided in conjuction with several functional entities,
which together form the Network Subsystem. The MSC provides the connection to the
fixed networks (such as the PSTN or ISDN). Signalling between functional entities in the
Network Subsystem uses Signalling System Number 7 (SS7), used for trunk signalling in
ISDN and widely used in current public networks

.The Home Location Register (HLR) and Visitor Location Register (VLR), together with
the MSC, provide the call-routing and roaming capabilities of GSM. The HLR contains
all the administrative information of each subscriber

registered in the corresponding GSM network, along with the current location of the
mobile. The location of the mobile is typically in the form of the signalling address of the
VLR associated with the mobile station. The actual routing procedure will be describeed
later. There is logically one HLR per GSM network, although it may be implemented as a
distributed database.

The Visitor Location Register (VLR) contains selected administrative information from
the HLR, necessary for call control and provision of the subscribed services, for each
mobile currently located in the geographical area controlled by the VLR. Although each
functional entity can be implemented as an independent unit, all manufacturers of
switching equipment to date implement the VLR together with the MSC, so that the
geographical area controlled by the MSC corresponds to that controlled by the VLR, thus
simplifying the signalling required. Note that the MSC contains no information about
particular mobile stations --- this information is stored in the location registers.
The other two registers are used for authentication and security purposes. The Equipment
Identity Register (EIR) is a database that contains a list of all valid mobile equipment on
the network, where each mobile station is identified by its International Mobile
Equipment Identity (IMEI). An IMEI is marked as invalid if it has been reported stolen or
is not type approved. The Authentication Center (AuC) is a protected database that stores
a copy of the secret key stored in each subscriber's SIM card, which is used for
authentication and encryption over the radio channel.

2) Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

The Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts, the Base Transceiver
Station (BTS) and the Base Station Controller (BSC). These communicate across
the standardized Abis interface, allowing (as in the rest of the system) operation
between components made by different suppliers.

The Base Transceiver Station houses the radio tranceivers that define a cell and
handles the radio-link protocols with the Mobile Station. In a large urban area,
there will potentially be a large number of BTSsdeployed, thus the requirements
for a BTS are ruggedness, reliability, portability, and minimum cost.

The Base Station Controller manages the radio resources for one or more BTSs. It
handles radio-channel setup, frequency hopping, and handovers, as described
below. The BSC is the connection between the mobile station
andthe Mobile service Switching Center (MSC).

3) RELAY ULN 2003

FEATURES

Output current 500mA per driver (600mA peak)

Output voltage 50V
Integrated suppression diodes for inductive loads
Outputs can be paralleled for higher current
TTL/CMOS/PMOS/DTL Compatible inputs
Inputs pinned opposite outputs to simplify Layout

DESCRIPTION
The ULN2001, ULN2002, ULN2003 and ULN2004 are high voltage, high current
Darlington Arrays each contain seven open collector Darlington pairs with common
emitters. Each Channel rated at 500mA and can withstand peak currents of 600mA.
Suppression diodes are Included for inductive load driving and the inputs are pinned
opposite the outputs to simplify board
8

4) VOLAGE REGULATOR

Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output
voltages. The maximum current they can pass also rates them. Negative voltage regulators
are available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic
protection from excessive current (over load protection) and overheating (thermal
protection). Many of fixed voltage regulator ICs has 3 leads. They include a hole for
attaching a heat sink if necessary.

DESCRIPTION

These voltage regulators are monolithic circuit integrated circuit designed as fixed voltage
regulators for a wide variety of applications including local, on card regulation. These
regulators employ internal current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe-area
compensation. With adequate heat sinking they can deliver output current in excess of 1.0
A. Although designed primarily as a fixed voltage regulator, these devices can be used with
external components to obtain adjustable voltage and current.

9
FEATURES

Output current in Excess of 1.0 A

No external component required

Internal thermal overload protection

Internal short circuit current limiting

Output transistor safe-area compensation

Output voltage offered in 2% and 4% tolerance

Available I n surface mount D2PAK and standard 3-lead transistor packages

Previous commercial temperature range has been extended to a junction temperature range
of -40 degree C to +125 degree C.

10

5) LCD DISPLAY
DESCRIPTION OF LCD DISPLAY

This is the first interfacing example for the Parallel Port. We will start with something
simple. This example doesn't use the Bi-directional feature found on newer ports, thus it
should work with most, if not all Parallel Ports. It however doesn't show the use of the
Status Port as an input. These LCD Modules are very common these days, and are quite
simple to work with, as all the logic required to run them is on board.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

11

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Above is the quite simple schematic. The LCD panel's Enable and Register Select is
connected to the Control Port. The Control Port is an open collector / open drain output.
While most Parallel Ports have internal pull-up resistors, there is a few which don't.
Therefore by incorporating the two 10K external pull up resistors, the circuit is more
portable for a wider range of computers, some of which may have no internal pull up
resistors.

We make no effort to place the Data bus into reverse direction. Therefore we hard wire the
R/W line of the LCD panel, into write mode. This will cause no bus conflicts on the data
lines. As a result we cannot read back the LCD's internal Busy Flag which tells us if the
LCD has accepted and finished processing the last instruction. This problem is overcome
by inserting known delays into our program.

The 10k Potentiometer controls the contrast of the LCD panel. Nothing fancy here. As with
all the examples, I've left the power supply out. You can use a bench power supply set to 5v
or use an onboard +5 regulator. Remember a few de-coupling capacitors, especially if you
have trouble with the circuit working properly.

The 2 line x 16 character LCD modules are available from a wide range of manufacturers
and should all be compatible with the HD44780. The diagram to the right shows the pin
numbers for these devices. When viewed from the front, the left pin is pin 16 and the right
pin is pin 1.

12

6) POWER SUPPLY

+
AC
Suppl

Figure

BRIDGE RECTIFIER
Bridge rectifier circuit consists of four diodes arranged in the form of a bridge as shown in
figure.

OPERATION

During the positive half cycle of the input supply, the upper end A of the
transformer secondary becomes positive with respect to its lower point B.
This makes Point1 of bridge Positive with respect to point 2. The diode D1 & D2
become forward biased & D3 & D4 become reverse biased. As a result a current
starts flowing from point1, through D1 the load & D2 to the negative end.
During negative half cycle, the point2 becomes positive with respect to point1. Diodes
D1 & D2 now become reverse biased. Thus a current flow from point 2 to point1.

13

7) TRANSFORMER
Transformer is a major class of coils having two or more windings usually wrapped around
a common core made from laminated iron sheets. It has two cols named primary and
secondary. If the current flowing through primary is fluctuating, then a current will be
inducted into the secondary winding. A steady current will not be transferred from one coil
to other coil.

Transformers are of two types:

Step up transformer

Step down transformer

In the power supply we use step down transformer. We apply 220V AC on the primary of
step down transformer. This transformer step down this voltages to 6V AC. We Give 6V
AC to rectifier circuit, which convert it to 5V DC.

14

8) DIODE
The diode is a p-n junction device. Diode is the component used to control the flow of the
current in any one direction. The diode widely works in forward bias.

When the current flows from the P to N direction. Then it is in forward bias. The Zener
diode is used in reverse bias function i.e. N to P direction. Visually the identification of the
diode`s terminal can be done by identifying he silver/black line. The silver/black line is the
negative terminal (cathode) and the other terminal is the positive terminal (cathode).

APPLICATION

Diodes: Rectification, free-wheeling, etc

Zener diode: Voltage control, regulator etc.

Tunnel diode: Control the current flow, snobbier circuit, etc

15
9) RESISTORS

The flow of charge through any material encounters an opposing force similar in many respects
to mechanical friction .this opposing force is called resistance of the material .in some electric
circuit resistance is deliberately introduced in form of resistor. Resistor used fall in three
categories , only two of which are color coded which are metal film and carbon film resistor

The third category is the wire wound type ,where value are generally printed on the
vitreous paint finish of the component. Resistors are in ohms and are represented in
Greek letter omega, looks as an upturned horseshoe. Most electronic circuit require
resistors to make them work properly and it is obliviously important to find out
something about the different types of resistors available. Resistance is measured in
ohms, the symbol for ohm is an omega ohm.

1 ohm is quite small for electronics so resistances are often given in kohm and Mohm.
Resistors used in electronics can have resistances as low as 0.1 ohm or as high as 10
Mohm.

FUNCTION

Resistor restrict the flow of electric current, for example a resistor is placed in
series with a light-emitting diode(LED) to limit the current passing through the LED.

16
10) CAPACITORS
In a way, a capacitor is a little like a battery. Although they work in completely different ways,
capacitors and batteries both store electrical energy. If you have read How Batteries Work, then
you know that a battery has two terminals. Inside the battery, chemical reactions produce
electrons on one terminal and absorb electrons at the other terminal.

11) LED
LED falls within the family of P-N junction devices. The light emitting diode (LED) is a diode
that will give off visible light when it is energized. In any forward biased P-N junction there is,
with in the structure and primarily close to the junction, a recombination of hole and electrons.
This recombination requires that the energy possessed by the unbound free electron be
transferred to another state. The process of giving off light by applying an electrical source is
called electroluminescence

17

LED is a component used for indication. All the functions being carried out are
displayed by led .The LED is diode which glows when the current is being flown
through it in forward bias condition. The LEDs are available in the round shell and also
in the flat shells. The positive leg is longer than negative leg.

18
12) MICRO-CONTROLLER 8051
DESCRIPTION
The IC 8051 is a low-power; high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes
of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is
manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible
with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the
program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory
programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel
IC 8051 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
solution to many embedded control applications. The IC 8051 provides the following
standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit
timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, full duplex serial port, on-chip
oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the IC 8051 is designed with static logic for
operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving
modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port
and interrupt system to continue functioning.

PIN DESCRIPTION
VCC (Pin 40)
Provides voltage to the chip . +5V

GND (Pin 20)

Ground

XTAL1 (Pin 19) and XTAL2 (Pin 18)

Crystal Oscillator connected to pins 18, 19.Two capacitors of 30pF value. Time for one
machine cycle:11.0592/12=1.085 secs

19

RST (Pin 9)
RESET pin

1. Active high. On applying a high pulse to this pin, microcontroller will reset and
terminate all activities.
2. INPUT pin
3. Minimum 2 machine cycles required to make RESET
4. Value of registers after RESET

External Access: EA 31

Connected to VCC for on chip ROM

Connected to Ground for external ROM containing the code Input Pin

Program Store Enable: PSEN 29

Output Pin
In case of external ROM with code it is connected to the OE pin of the ROM

Address Latch Enable: ALE 30

Output Pin. Active high

In case of external ROM ,ALE is used to de multiplex (PORT 0) the address and
data bus by connecting to the G pin of 74LS373 chip

I/O Port Pins and their Functions:

Four ports P0,P1,P2,P3 with 8 pins each, making a total of 32 input/output pins

On RESET all ports are configured as output. They need to be programmed to make
them function as inputs

21
METHODOLOGY

The task performed step by step are as follows-

PCB DESIGNING
P.C.B.

LAYOUT

The entire circuit can be easily assembled on a general purpose P.C.B. board respectively.
Layout of desired diagram and preparation is first and most important operation in any
printed circuit board manufacturing process. First of all layout of component side is to be
made in accordance with available components dimensions.

The following points are to be observed while forming the layout of P.C.B.
1.Between two components, sufficient space should be maintained.
2.High voltage/max dissipated components should be mounted at sufficient distance
from semiconductor and electrolytic capacitors.
3.The most important points are that the components layout is making proper
compromise with copper side circuit layout.
Printed circuit board (P.C.B.s) is used to avoid most of all the disadvantages of
conventional breadboard. These also avoid the use of thin wires for connecting the
components; they are small in size and efficient in performance.

PREPARING

CIRCUIT LAYOUT

First of all the actual size circuit layout is to be drawn on the copper side of the copper clad
board. Then enamel paint is applied on the tracks of connection with the help of a shade
brush. We have to apply the paints surrounding the point at which the connection is to be
made. It avoids the disconnection between the leg of the component and circuit track. After
completion of painting work, it is allowed to dry.

DRILLING

After completion of painting work, holes 1/23inch(1mm) diameter are drilled at

desired points where we have to fix the components.

ETCHING

The removal of excess of copper on the plate apart from the printed circuit is known as
etching. From this process the copper clad board wit printed circuit is placed in the
solution of FeCl with 3-4 drops of HCL in it and is kept so for about 10 to 15 minutes and
is taken out when all the excess copper is removed from the P.C.B.
After etching, the P.C.B. is kept in clean water for about half an hour in order to get P.C.B.
away from acidic, field, which may cause poor performance of the circuit. After the P.C.B.
has been thoroughly washed, paint is removed by soft piece of cloth dipped I thinner or
turbine. Then P.C.B. is checked as per the layout, now the P.C.B. is ready for use.

SOLDERING

Soldering is the process of joining two metallic conductor the joint where two metal
conductors are to be join or fused is heated with a device called soldering iron and then as
allow of tin and lead called solder is applied which melts and converse the joint. The solder
cools and solidifies quickly to ensure is good and durable connection between the jointed
metal converting the joint solder also present oxidation.

SOLDERING

AND DESOLDERING TECHIQUES:

These are basically two soldering techniques.

Manual soldering with iron.

Mass soldering.

SOLDERING

WITH IRON

The surface to be soldered must be cleaned & fluxed. The soldering iron switched on and
bellowed to attain soldering temperature. The solder in form of wire is allied hear the
component to be soldered and heated with iron. The surface to be soldered is filled, iron is
removed and joint is cold without disturbing.

SOLDER

JOINT ARE SUPPOSED TO

1. Provide permanent low resistance path.

2. Make a robust mechanical link between P.C.B. and leads of components.
3. Allow heat flow between component, joining elements and P.C.B.
4. Retain adequate strength with temperature variation.

The following precaution should be taken while soldering:

1. Use always an iron plated copper core tip for soldering iron.
2. Slightly for the tip with a cut file when it is cold.
3. Use a wet sponge to wipe out dirt from the tip before soldering instead of asking
the iron.
4. Tighten the tip screw if necessary before iron is connected to power supply.
5. Clean component lead and copper pad before soldering.

6. Apply solder between component leads, P.C.B. pattern and tip of soldering iron.
7. Iron should be kept in contact with the joint for 2-3 seconds only instead of
keeping for very long or very small time.
24

BLOCK DIAGRAM

RECTIFIER

VOLTAGE
REGULATOR

LCD

FLEX SENSOR 1

FLEX SENSOR 2

FLEX SENSOR 3

MICROCONTROLLER

GSM

RELAY

25

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

26

WORKING

To detect the sign flex sensors are connected to the old/disabled persons finger. flex sensor is
actually a variable voltage analog divider which converts the bend into electrical resistance..Each
flex sensor is connected to the comparator circuit,whenever it is bend the voltage across the flex
sensor will drop.The drop of voltage is connected to the comparator circuit
The comparator circuit will compare the flex voltage with the reference voltage.If the
comparator circuit get a non-inverting voltage greater than inverting voltage,the output will
become high according to the voltage provided to the positive reference voltage.The output will
be either +Vsat or Vsat.
This output voltage of comparator is connected to microcontroller AT89C51.The
microcontroller will take this output as an input according to that the microcontroller will
perform certain task. Accordingly the task will be displayed on the LCD screen.
The microcontroller will help to detect the sign language taking as an input from the
comparator according to the logic, the microcontroller will display certain text to the LCD which
indicates the need/situation of the person.
Apart from other purpose main motto of this device is to call someone in case of emergency
or normal condition. To achieve this operation a GSM module is connected with the
microcontroller.Whenever microcontroller will get a call sign language as an input, the controller
will send or transmit AT command to GSM module which helps GSM module to call someone.
Apart from that we are going to control the appliances according to the input getting to the
microcontroller like switching ON/OFF the fan or lights,to indicate persons hunger or thirst.

27
ADVANTAGES

In case of emergency- It is useful in case of any emergency.For example if there is

nobody nearby then the disabled can call or simply gives a miss call so that the persons
relative get alert.

Accessible to disabled/old who cant move from place to place- It eliminates the
problem of going anywhere.The person can use this device without moving.

Calling as well as other functions can also be performed- Apart from calling,the needy
can perform more tasks also like the device can indicate his need of water,food, and also
indicates the need of switching on/off lights,fan etc.This will be displayed on LCD
screen accompanied with a buzzer.

Can be used in home and hospitals also- It can be effective if the nurse or doctor is not
nearby and the patient needs to call.

28

DISADVANTAGES

It becomes problematic if the person does not know the sign language.

It is having complex circuitary.

It is not portable.

It is wired system.

If network problem is there then calling cannot be done.

29
APPLICATIONS

In hospitals- Patients who are not able to express or move from one place to another
can use this device to indicate his/her needs.

In electronic gloves- It can be used to design electronic gloves which in turn can be
used in gaming purpose.

Security Purpose- It can be useful for women protection purpose in case of any
danger.The person can just make a finger movement to send her GPS location.

30

CONCLUSION

We have successfully completed this project.The components are effectively used especially the
flex sensors which senses the bending movement of fingers and converting it into electrical
signals thus producing the required output.The output may be calling a person in case of
emergency or indicating other needs of the needy like switching on/off fans,lights,need of
water,food etc.

This sign language translator is a solution to get over the big problem of communication. It has
also successfully overcome the problem of speech which proves to be beneficial for the disabled
and old. It is having few disadvantages which can be removed by exploring further and using
advance technology.

31
FUTURE SCOPE

This device can be further extended by making it wireless eliminating the bulk of wires
and complexity

.By making it wireless it can be made portable and easily accessible to all.

It can be used for women security purpose by adding a GPS tracker in the circuitary
which will track the location of the person in danger by making a particular gesture,and
the location will be send to the nearest police station.

It has a great scope in hospitals for the patients to express their need or calling the nurse.

Can be used in gaming zone by making electronic gloves using the flex sensors.

32

REFERENCES

Bontempo,K.& Napier, J.(2007).mind the gap: a skill analysis of sign language

interpreters.
Oya Aran,Lale Akarun(2008)-automatic finger sign to speech translation.

Kylle Lothrop,Ethan Gill(2011)-translator using speech processing

www.wikipedia.com
www.youtube.com
www.investopedia.com
www.studentsprojectguide.in
www.listengineering.com

33
CODING
ORG 0000H
LJMP MAIN
ORG 0300H

T1:

DB '*SIGN LANGUAGE*',0

T2:

DB '**TRANSLATOR**',0

T3:

DB 'NEED WATER',0

T4:

DB 'I AM HUNGRY',0

T5:

DB 'HOW R U ???',0

T6:

DB 'I NEED HELP',0

LEVEL: DB 'AT',0DH,0
LEVEL1: DB 'ATD+918103661072;'0DH,0
LEVEL2: DB 'ATD+918349728042;'0DH,0
LEVEL3: DB 'ATH',0DH,0
T7:

DB 'LIGHT ',0

T8:

DB 'FAN',0

T0:

DB 'ON',0

T9:

DB 'OFF',0

A2:

DB 'HEATER',0
ORG 0030H

MAIN: MOV P0,#00H

MOV P2,#00H
MOV P1,#0FFH
MOV R0,#00H
MOV R1,#00H
MOV R2,#00H
MOV SCON,#50H
MOV TMOD,#20H
MOV TH1,#-3
SETB TR1
ACALL DELAY2

ACALL DELAY2
MOV DPTR,#LEVEL
ACALL STRING
H1:

JNB RI,H1
CLR RI
ACALL DELAY2
ACALL DELAY2
MOV A,#38H
ACALL CMD
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#0CH
ACALL CMD
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#06H
ACALL CMD
ACALL DELAY

LOOK: ACALL MSG

MOV DPTR,#T1
ACALL SERIAL
MOV A,#0C0H
ACALL CMD
MOV DPTR,#T2
ACALL SERIAL
CONT: MOV A,P1
CJNE A,#11111000B,SEE
SJMP CONT

SEE:

ACALL MSG

ACALL SIGN
SJMP LOOK

SIGN: MOV A,#80H

ACALL CMD
MOV A,P1
CJNE A,#11111000B,CHC1
RET

CHC1: CJNE A,#11111001B,CHC2

MOV DPTR,#T3
ACALL SERIAL
ACALL DELAY
SJMP SIGN

CHC2: CJNE A,#11111010B,CHC4

MOV DPTR,#T4
ACALL SERIAL
ACALL DELAY
SJMP SIGN

CHC4: CJNE A,#11111011B,CHC5

MOV DPTR,#T5
ACALL SERIAL
ACALL DELAY
SJMP SIGN

CHC5: CJNE A,#11111100B,CHC6

MOV DPTR,#T6
ACALL SERIAL
ACALL CALLING
CHECK1: MOV A,P1
CJNE A,##11111100B,CHECK
SETB P2.0
SJMP CHECK1
CHECK: CLR P2.0
LJMP SIGN

CHC6: CJNE A,#11111101B,CHC7

MOV DPTR,#T7
ACALL SERIAL
MOV A,R0
CJNE A,#00H,LIG
MOV A,#0C0H
ACALL CMD
MOV DPTR,#T0
ACALL SERIAL
SETB P2.1
CHECK9: MOV A,P1
CJNE A,##11111000B,CHECK9
MOV R0,#01H
SJMP SIGN
LIG:

CJNE A,#01H,LIG1

MOV A,#0C0H
ACALL CMD
MOV DPTR,#T9
ACALL SERIAL
CLR P2.1
CHECK2: MOV A,P1
CJNE A,##11111000B,CHECK2
MOV R0,#00H
LIG1: LJMP SIGN

CHC7: CJNE A,#11111110B,CHC9

MOV DPTR,#T8
ACALL SERIAL
MOV A,R1
CJNE A,#00H,LIG2
MOV A,#0C0H
ACALL CMD
MOV DPTR,#T0
ACALL SERIAL
SETB P2.2
CHECK4: MOV A,P1
CJNE A,##11111000B,CHECK4
MOV R1,#01H
LJMP SIGN
LIG2:

CJNE A,#01H,LIG3

MOV A,#0C0H
ACALL CMD

MOV DPTR,#T9
ACALL SERIAL
CLR P2.2
CHECK5: MOV A,P1
CJNE A,##11111000B,CHECK5
MOV R1,#00H
LIG3: LJMP SIGN

CHC9: CJNE A,#11111111B,LIG13

MOV DPTR,#A2
ACALL SERIAL
MOV A,R2
CJNE A,#00H,LIG12
MOV A,#0C0H
ACALL CMD
MOV DPTR,#T0
ACALL SERIAL
SETB P2.2
CHECK14: MOV A,P1
CJNE A,##11111000B,CHECK14
MOV R2,#01H
LJMP SIGN
LIG12: CJNE A,#01H,LIG13
MOV A,#0C0H
ACALL CMD
MOV DPTR,#T9
ACALL SERIAL

CLR P2.2
CHECK51: MOV A,P1
CJNE A,##11111000B,CHECK51
MOV R2,#00H
LIG13: LJMP SIGN

SERIAL: CLR A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
JZ OUT
MOV P0,A
ACALL DATA
ACALL DELAY
INC DPTR
SJMP SERIAL
OUT: RET

MSG:

MOV A,#01H

ACALL CMD
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#80H
ACALL CMD
ACALL DELAY
RET
CMD: MOV P0,A
CLR P2.6
SETB P2.7
ACALL DELAY

CLR P2.7
RET

DATA: MOV P0,A

SETB P2.6
SETB P2.7
ACALL DELAY
CLR P2.7
RET
DELAY1: MOV R7,#60H
DE:

ACALL DELAY
DJNZ R7,DE
RET

DELAY: MOV R6,#32H

HERE1: MOV R5,#0FFH
HERE: DJNZ R5,HERE
DJNZ R6,HERE1
RET

STRING: CLR A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
JZ OUT1
MOV SBUF,A
RPT7: JNB TI,RPT7
CLR TI
INC DPTR
SJMP STRING

OUT1: RET
DELAY2: MOV R4,#7
HERE5: MOV R5,#255
HERE4: MOV R6,#255
HERE31: DJNZ R6,HERE31
DJNZ R5,HERE4
DJNZ R4,HERE5
RET

CALLING: MOV DPTR,#LEVEL1

ACALL STRING
HB:

JNB RI,HB
CLR RI
MOV R3,#10H

LOOP: ACALL DELAY2

DJNZ R3,LOOP

MOV DPTR,#LEVEL3
ACALL STRING
HA:

JNB RI,HA
CLR RI
MOV R3,#10H

LOOP2: ACALL DELAY2

DJNZ R3,LOOP2

MOV DPTR,#LEVEL2
ACALL STRING

HB1:

JNB RI,HB1

CLR RI
MOV R3,#10H
LOOP1: ACALL DELAY2
DJNZ R3,LOOP1

MOV DPTR,#LEVEL3
ACALL STRING
HA1:

JNB RI,HA1

CLR RI
MOV R3,#10H
LOOP3: ACALL DELAY2
DJNZ R3,LOOP3
RET