Experiment No.

8
Name: Student ID: F04027066

Group: 5

(1)What are the advantages of calibrating the standard temperature for the freezing
point and boiling point? Try to find out the relationship of temperature measuring in
the ambient pressure between the freezing point and the boiling temperature to the
measurement. What is the disadvantage?
Answer: When the thermometer was its invented there was no clear understanding of fixed
temperature points. To further confuse the situation the skills required to make thermometer
were not available. It was difficult to make a thermometer with a bore of consistent diameter
along its length, meaning that no two thermometers were alike. It was only when people
travelled with individual thermometers that they were able to confirm that the fixed point of
water boiling and freezing were the same in different locations and the effects of altitude and
air pressure were recognized. The boiling and freezing points of water were chosen as fixed
points because they were easily achievable. Once the fixed point had been recognized and
thermometer making skills had improved, the way was clear for a widely recognized
temperature scale.
The main advantage for the freezing and boiling point is that they are easily achievable.
In fare height 32 is the lowest point taken, this is the scale that would not fall zero below zero
even when measuring the lowest possible temperature that could produce in the laboratory,
a mixture of ice, salt and water .It is something suggested that fare height divided his scale
into 100 degrees using blood temperature and his lowest possible temperature as fixed
points...this is not true.
As well as the boiling or melting point of a substance, the triple point of a substance can be
used as a fixed point. This is the temperature at which that substance exists in its solid,
liquid and gaseous state all at the same time.
The triple point of water is the most important fixed point on ITS-90 as it is the sole fixed
point which is common to ITS-90 and the Kelvin Thermodynamic Temperature Scale.
In the Brannan Calibration Laboratory we regularly use the triple point of water to recalibrate
thermometers for our customers - its temperature is 0.01C (273.16K) and it can be
recreated with great accuracy.
To recreate the triple point conditions we use a high powered refrigeration unit and a triple
point cell which has been made in accordance with the ITS-90 specifications.

(2) Try to compare the sensitive speed of different temperature measurement element,
and make a list from fast to slow. What type of thermocouple should be chosen to
measure the temperature change as a shock wave pass through? What type of
thermocouple should be chosen to measure on the fire disaster?
Answer:
K-type T/C-1

K-type
T/C-2

T-type
T/C

Thermomete
r

Standard
value (R-

RTD

type)
Time

3.78

3.78

9.73

28.06

10.58

59

Thin wire thermocouple or T type thermocouple is suitable one for determining and knowing
the temperature change and are able to respond to the shock wave within apply period of
time.
Thermocouple K type is a suitable candidate for determinations of fire disasters.
(3) Use the temperature of the standard temperature measurement equipment as Xcoordinate, and use the RTD, values of 2 K-type T/C, T-type T/C and mercury
thermometer as Y-coordinate to do the plots. (You can use Excel, Sigmaplot, Tecplot
mapping)
Answer:

(4) According to (3), please draw the plots of the error of each temperature measurement
equipment in different temperatures, and discuss the degree of linearity and the difference of
the error.

(5) According to data of experiments, if you use the R-type T/C to self-check as a
standard, are there any error of temperature measurement is not acceptable? If yes,
how to deal with that?
Answer: Yes, because RTD and T-type are not acceptable because we experience some
sorts of measurement errors in the use of wire sense when are subjected to different
heating, cooling and temperature condition and can be minimized and eliminated by
choosing one of the exact or maybe accurate range of precision thermometer.