Research Topics:

Immigration reform
Immigration and economics
Deportation
ICE/CBP Border Control
Sources:
538: The Consequences: A Look Behind the Claims on Immigration
http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-consequences-a-look-behind-the-claims-on-immigration/
Pew Research Center: More Mexicans Leaving Than Coming to the U.S.
http://www.pewhispanic.org/2015/11/19/more-mexicans-leaving-than-coming-to-the-u-s/
Pew Research Center: Statistical Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States
http://www.pewhispanic.org/2016/04/19/statistical-portrait-of-the-foreign-born-population-in-theunited-states-key-charts/#2013-fb-arrivals
The Atlantic: Asians Now Outpace Mexicans in Terms of Undocumented Growth
http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/08/asians-now-outpace-mexicans-in-terms-ofundocumented-growth/432603/
New York Times: What Does Immigration Actually Cost Us?
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/opinion/campaign-stops/what-does-immigration-actuallycost-us.html?_r=0
FY 2015 ICE Immigration Removals
https://www.ice.gov/removal-statistics
Heres How Much Trumps Mass Deportation Policy Would Cost Everyone
https://thinkprogress.org/heres-how-much-trump-s-mass-deportation-policy-would-costeveryone-3e19f51ff8cf#.heampsc8z
The Fiscal and Economic Impacts of Immigration on the United States
http://cis.org/node/4573
The White House: Immigration and the Economy
https://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/immigration/economy
Economic Policy Institute: Facts About Immigration and the US Economy
http://www.epi.org/publication/immigration-facts/
Research:
The Consequences
According to the 2014 US Census 42.2 million immigrants in the US. An
estimated 11.3 million of them are undocumented immigrants. (Pew Research Center)

 2009-2014 there were more Mexican immigrants leaving the U.S. than
there were entering it.
Entering the US by claiming refugee is one of the hardest ways to enter
the country.
More Mexicans Leaving Than Coming to the U.S.
From 2009-2014 140,000 Net less
immigrants entered the country compared to
1995-2000.
Reasons for this include:
The US has become less
attractive to Mexican immigrants because
of the slow recovery from the recession
Stricter enforcement of US
immigration law
Border apprehensions fell to 230,000 in
2014 which is a level not seen since 1971.
Of the 1 million Mexican immigrants that
have exited the country between 2009-2014 left of
their own accord, or self deported
The drop of immigrants residing in the US
is due to a drop of 6.9 million illegals in 2007 to
5.6 million in 2014.
China overtook Mexico in supply of immigrants to the US in 2013.
Statistical Portrait of Foreign-Born in the US
In 2014 Asian immigrants entering the US was slightly higher than
Hispanic immigrants.
From 2007-2014 there has been a decrease in undocumented immigrants in the
US.
What Does Immigration Actually Cost Us?

 For the 2011-2013 period, the net cost to state and local budgets of first
generation adults is, on average, about $1,600 each. In contrast, second and third-plus
generation adults create a net positive of about $1,700 and $1,300 each, respectively, to
state and local budgets. These estimates imply that the total annual fiscal impact of first
generation adults and
their dependents,
averaged across 2011-13,
is a cost of $57.4 billion,
while second and thirdplus generation adults
create a benefit of $30.5
billion and $223.8 billion,
respectively.
First generation
adult immigrants cost
across 2011-2013 was
$57.4 billion to state
budgets.
2nd generation
adults created a benefit of
$30.5 billion to state
budgets.
3rd generation adults created a benefit of $223.8 billion to state budgets.
Asians Now Outpace Mexicans in Terms of Undocumented Growth
Yeah. The title sums it up.
FY 2015 ICE Immigration Removals
ICE conducted 235,413 removals in FY 2015.
How Much Trumps Deportation Plan
Would Actually Cost
The estimated average
cost to deport (apprehend,
detain, process, and transport)
immigrants back to their home
country is $10,000.
Arizona lost $250
million and 3,000 jobs after
they imposed their Show Me
Your Papers law.
Alabama enacted a
similar law and annual
economic damage was $11
million.

 Georgias similar law is estimated to cost anywhere from $300 million to $1 billion
in lost agricultural output.
The White House: Immigration and the Economy
Barack Obamas actions on immigration as president could grow the economy by
0.4 to 0.9 percent
GDP growth would correspond by growing anywhere from $90 million to $240
million by the year 2024.
Would increase the size of the labor force by creating 150,000 new jobs over the
next ten years.
It is also estimated that wages for native workers would increase by $170.
Logically, as the economy grows so does tax revenue. This would increase the
ability to reduce the deficit.
Richard: ICE Employee
Nothing wrong with current immigration system, as far as the system specifically.
Path to citizenship clearly exists within our current system.
Tweaks
380 different types of visas
340 different types of nonimmigrant visas
700 different ways to enter the US lawfully
Need change in how we allocate those visas
Majority of visas are through a connection to a US citizen
Enforcement
Due Process-people think that ICE identifies people as being
illegal and they are immediately sent back to their home country
Receive lead and fully investigate case and have probable cause
Arrest warrant
Tell them where they are from and that they are here illegally
Bring case to the immigration judge and he makes a decision
Dont like decision it can be repealed and it is taken to Immigration
Board
Can be repealed and sent the Supreme Court
There are exceptions where that process can be
skipped.
Border Enforcement
Executive has ability to direct agencies to enforce certain laws or
apprehend certain people.
Authority and discretion of executive comes into play
Numbers correlate with policies and directive instructions.
Solutions for Enforcement Issues
Whatever the law says that is what is enforced
Enforcing all law and putting it into practice is the difficult part
especially with the way that prioritizing certain enforcements has evolved
Economic Policy Institute: Facts About Immigration and the US Economy
In 2011, out of total economic output in America, immigrants, documented and
undocumented a total of 14.7% compared to 85.3% contributed by US born.

 This number equates to $743,436,509,990. For the other 85.3% that is

$4,298,840,505,997.
There are as many immigrants in white collar jobs as there are in all other jobs
combined.
Most immigrants are not poor and their average family income aligns with
averages for those who are US born.
In the short term immigration does take away some job opportunities for natives.
Long term they help the economy grow which provides more jobs for natives.
The Fiscal and Economic Impacts of Immigration on the United States
At the individual level, excluding any costs for their children, the NRC estimated
a net lifetime fiscal drain of -$89,000 (1996 dollars) for an immigrant without a high
school diploma, and a net fiscal drain of -$31,000 for an immigrant with only a high
school education. However, more educated immigrants create a lifetime net fiscal benefit
of +$105,000.9
The National Research Council (NRC) estimated in 1996 that immigrant
households (legal and illegal) create a net fiscal burden (taxes paid minus services
used) on all levels of government of between $11.4 billion and $20.2 billion annually.7
In a study I authored for the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS), we found that
if illegal immigrants were legalized and began to pay taxes and use services like
households headed by legal immigrants with the same education levels, the annual net
fiscal deficit would increase to $29 billion, or $7,700 per household at the federal level.10
For example, it shows that 59 percent of households headed by an immigrant
who has not graduated high school access one or more welfare programs, and 70
percent have no federal income tax liability. In contrast, 16 percent of households
headed by an immigrant with bachelor's degree access welfare and only 21 percent had
no federal income tax liability.