Experimental study of the vibrational beh

machine stators
S.C.Chang
R. Yaca m in i

Indexing terms: Muchine stators, Vibrational behaviour, Electrical machines

Abstract: In many applications the noise

generated by electrical motors can be a significant
factor in the overall design. Commercial
applications such as locomotives or cruise liners
and military applications such as antisubmarine
frigates put particular emphasis on noise and
vibration levels. The calculation of these levels
involves an understanding of the electrical/
mechanical interaction of magnetic force and
stator behaviour. Analysis of the vibration
behaviour of electrical machines has, in the past,
concentrated
on
identifying
the natural
frequencies and mode shapes of highly
symmetrical machine stators, for example stators
of small motors. In practice, however, it has been
found that geometrical and constructional
irregularities introduce asymmetrical behaviour,
which results in an enriched frequency response
spectrum. The paper describes the results of
modal tests carried out on an induction motor
stator, and discusses the effects of irregularities
on the vibration response of the machine. Based
on the experimental investigation, some new and
useful conclusions are derived. The implications
for machine design are also discussed.

Introduction

In many drive applications involving nonlinear converters there is a high harmonic content in the machine
input current. The magnetic force wave therefore has a
rich frequency composition which enhances the possibility of coincidences between the frequencies of force
components and the natural frequencies. This could
eventually produce significant levels of machine noise
and vibration. The accurate determination of the
machine stator natural frequencies and the associated
mode shapes are thus of importance in the solution of
machine noise problems and in the determination of
machine vibration characteristics.
Over the years a number of researchers have
attempted to calculate the mechanical response of
motor stators. Classical methods, experimental meth0IEE, 1996
ZEE Proceedings online no. 19960184
Paper received 14th March 1995
The authors are with the Department of Engineering, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen AB9 2UE, Scotland, UK
242

ods, finite element analysis, or more usually a combination of these methods, have been developed.
As summarised in [I], Carter first developed a
method using a single thin ring model to calculate the
natural frequencies of a stator core which is directly
subject to the electromagnetic force and many later
researchers used the ring model. As described in [2],
Erdelyi developed the double-ring method applied to a
medium size machine whose frame is linked to the core
by key bars. The model included two thin rings joined
by key bars. As an extension of Erdelyis work [2],Ellision and Yang investigated the calculation of the natural frequency of a stator having a thin frame coupled
solidly through key bars to a thick core loaded with
teeth and windings, taking into account bending, shear
extension and rotary inertia.
Work has also been done on the encased machine
stator. Based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory
Verma et al. [3-5] developed an analytical method in
which the energy method along with the principle of
Rayleigh-Ritz were used to derive the general frequency equation of the stator. Cylindrical shells were
used for the stator yoke and the frame, whilst the teeth,
windings and cooling fins were treated as beam type
elements. They used a double series to describe the
modeshape functions.
Garvey [6] carried out research work to analyse
vibration characteristics of large D C motor stator. In
his work, the properties of a laminated core structure
was addressed.
In recent years, the finite element method has been
used to calculate the natural frequencies of machine
stators including the work of Yang, Belmans et al. and
Watanabe et al. [7-91. This method has become increasingly popular, and today it is in more or less routine
use for structural analysis. In comparison with the classical method, the finite element method is more efficient in coping with complex stator constructions and
therefore is able to give more accurate results. However, it has been found from finite element analysis and
experimental studies carried out on a number of small
and medium size machine stators, a few important
issues, in connection with using the finite element
method, such as modelling the laminated core, modelling winding and winding overhang and damping need
to be addressed, these will be described elsewhere. Also
the finite element method requires a large capacity
computer.
Experimental methods can give direct and accurate
results so long as they are properly carried out. Experimental studies have always been used along with analytical or finite methods as a verification [2, 9, 101.
IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 143, No 3, May I996

Verma et al. applied the experimental method along

with analysis to several specially designed experiment
models to examine the various aspects of machine stator vibration characteristics [l l-161. However, experimental methods have their disadvantages. The method
is not general, for different motors, it requires different
set-up and procedures.
A close review of previous work shows that,
although these studies have provided invaluable information regarding the identification of some of the
structural mode shapes and the location of the associated natural frequencies, their application is somewhat
restricted. The models have been simplified by using
either elementary geometrical shapes to represent the
motor components (e.g. rings, cylinders and beams) or
the models have been developed and studied in two
dimensions only. Also, many of these studies concentrate primarily on AC machine stators with quasisymmetrical structures [17]. In many machines (large
machines in particular) a substantial portion of the
structure is cyclically symmetrical onto which other
minor substructures are attached. This raises the question of whether this will affect the stator natural frequency values and vibration mode shapes and also if
they are important from a motor noise and vibration
generation point of view. As shown later in this paper,
it has often been found from experimental vibration
measurements that additional resonance peaks, which
are neglected in previous analysis, are evident in the
frequency range. It is also inappropriate to focus on
individual modes of machines because resonances are
so closely spaced. In some cases, there are two or even
three of these splitting frequencies for each category of
natural modes of concern. These models therefore cannot, in general, be used for the accurate prediction of
vibration levels over a selected frequency range since
they neglect the influence of other resonances within
the range. The prediction of all mode types which contribute to the overall vibration response of the structure
requires an experimental and/or theoretical study in
three dimensions.
This paper shows that irregularities in machine stators can have a significant effect on the vibration characteristics.
To explore the natural frequencies, a modal test was
performed on motor stators. Using the modal test techniques [181, and guidance regarding the experimental
arrangement which can be found in many papers and
textbooks, a set of tests designed to verify the experimental set-up, procedure were carried out [17]. Using
the impact, periodic chirp and slow sinusoidal sweep
excitation methods, trial tests were performed on the
motor stator, and it was found that in the interested
frequency range the obtained F R F (frequency response
function) spectra have negligible difference. The impact
excitation method has therefore been used [171.
2

tra. The calculated F R F spectra for both rings are

shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively. The regular ring
has three resonance peaks in total over the frequency
range. The ring with the notch has six resonance peaks
grouped in pairs in its frequency response function.
The effect of this simple asymmetry is to enrich the frequency response function spectrum.

Fig. 1 FEmodel
Regular ring

ring

Fig. 2 FE model
Ring with small notch

60

20

-20
I1

Studies on thin rings

As a starting point, an investigation of the effect of

irregularities was first carried out on simple rings using
the SDRC-IDEAS software package. Figs. 1 and 2
show two FE models of firstly a regular thin ring and
then a thin ring with a machined notch on the outside
surface. These two rings are identical except for the
notch. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the excitation
occurred at A, and the response was measured at B to
calculate the F R F (frequency response function) specIEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 143, No. 3, May 1996

- 4 O k '

'

"I

1000

'

'

Hz

"

'

2000

"

'

"

3000

Fig. 3 Calculated FRF spectrum

Regular ring

To back up these analytical F E models, tests were

carried out on corresponding rings with and without
the notch having identical OiD, I/D, length and the
notch size to the analytic models. The experimentally
measured F R F spectra for both rings are shown in
243

Figs. 5 and 6. A comparison of Figs. 3-6 show that the

analytically and experimentally obtained FRF spectra
are well matched. Examination on measurements of the
irregular ring shows that it has three groups of resonance pairs as predicted by the analytic model. A better correspondence between the resonance peak
amplitudes shown in Figs. 3-6 could be achieved by
adjustment of the assumed damping factor in the analytical F E models.
120

there are asymmetries caused by the wire-passageway

hole, the feet, the strengthening ribs, the cooling fins
etc. On the internal surface of the core, asymmetries
are introduced by the teeth and winding. From the
results shown in Figs. 3-6, it would be reasonable to
expect these irregularities to have a similar effect on the
stator frequency response function, for example, the
introduction of resonance pairs. The irregularities
present in the stator are much more complex than the
single notch, and one might expect additional effects.
These are investigated in this paper.
A resDonse

- 4 O t '

"

"
1000

Hz '

"

"
2000

"

"

'

3000

Fig. 4 Calculated FRF rpectvum

Ring with small notch

Fig. 7 Sketch showing excitation and response measurement points on sta-

tor

Excitation at points from 1 to 48, 'A' = one of response measurement points

Fig. 5 Measured FRF spectrum

Regular thin ring

60
40
20

-20

-40

-40

600

1200

HZ

1800

2400

3000

Fig. 6 Measured FRF spectrum

Ring with small notch

In conclusion, any single asymmetry on the ring will

cause it to have two closely related natural frequencies
corresponding to every natural frequencies of the regular ring and should he included in ring F R F calculation.
3
Effects of irregularities on stator vibration
behawisur

The principal components of a machine stator are the

core and the frame. On the outside surface of the frame
244

3. I Experimental set-up
Three dimensional measurements were now adopted to
include the machine stator. Fig. 7 shows a sketch of
the tested stator. The actual stator general parameters
and structure details are given in the Appendix.
Around the periphery of the internal surface of the stator core, 48 points were chosen as measuring points as
shown in Fig. 7. This number of points is sufficient to
capture the relatively high circumferential vibration
modes. The measuring points are also uniformly spaced
along the core internal periphery, which is helpful for
data processing and the identification of circumferential mode shapes. Axial measurements around the circumference were also carried out, each including nine
measuring points along the stator length.

-50
m
U

-60
-70

300

900

2100

1500

2700

3300

HZ

Fig. 8 Measured stator FRF spectrum

3.2 Stator vibration modeshapes

Fig. 8 shows a frequency response function spectrum
of the stator using the impact excitation method for the
frequency range between 300Hz and 3300Hz. It should
be noted that the motor connection box was removed.
IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 143, No. 3, May 1996

The stator asymmetries would thus include the winding

overhang, the wire passageway hole, the feet, the cooling fins and the ribs. An inspection of Fig. 8 reveals
some general features of the stator frequency response
function spectrum. These are: (a) many of the resonance peaks are in pairs; (b) unlike the frequency
response of the simple ring, as expected, there are now
a large number of resonance peaks.

frequencies are plotted in Figs. 9-16, respectively. It

was found that the maximum F R F amplitude in the
range 300Hz to 3300Hz occurs at 1896Hz and all
modeshape diagrams are normalised against the maximum F R F amplitude found. Each circumferential
modeshape diagram includes its normalised amplitude
at 48 measuring points around the stator periphery,
and a circle is used to represent the stator neutral circumference. Longitudinal mode shapes at eight circumferential locations namely points 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39
and 45 are plotted in one diagram. The x axis represents the length of the stator core and is divided into

Fi

. 9 Measured

15

21

33

39

45

stator mode shape a.wciated with natural jkequency

48?Hz

Circumferential (n = 2 )

27

-------c--C.---c----t-

Fi

1.0

. 12 Measured stator mode shape associated with natural frequency

Hz

Longitudinal (m = 0)

0.5

0
-0.5

------3

15

21

27

33

39

45

-&----o-+----c-

Fi

. 10 Measured stator mode shape associated with natural frequency

48?Hz

Longitudinal (m = 0)

Fi

. 13 Measured stator mode shape ussociated with natural frequency

27%4Hz

Circumferential (n = 4)

1 .o

0.5

-0.5

Fi

. 11 Measured stator mode shape associated with natural frequency

18f6H.z

Circumferential (n = 3)

An examination of the frequency response indicates

that high resonance peaks are seen at 488, 1896, 2704
and 3 160Hz. Typical measured circumferential and
longitudinal modeshapes associated with these natural
IEE Proc -Electr Power Appl , Vol 143, No 3, May 1996

15

21

27

33

39

45

1
9

&&--e--+-&&-

Fi

. 14 Measured stator mode shape associated with natural jrequency

27%4Hz

Longitudinal (m = 0)
245

ten equal intervals and the y axis represents the normalised amplitude of the stator FRF along the core
length. The eight circumferential locations were identified using symbols as shown at the bottom of each diagram.

This indicates that the vibration mode associated with

the 3160Hz component is the barrelling mode.
For the sake of further examining the circumferential
modeshapes associated with frequency components
488, 1896 and 2704Hz, their modeshapes are replotted
in Figs. 17-19. In these Figures the x axis represent 48
measuring points around the motor circumference and
the y axis represents the normalised F R F amplitude. A
close inspection confirms that the component at 488 Hz
takes a modeshape very close to sinusoidal, but the
1896Hz and 2704Hz take modeshapes which deviate
from sinusoidal to some extent. Figs. 17-19 clearly
show that, with increased irregularities existing on the
stators, the circumferential vibration modeshapes will
deviate from the sinusoidal wave. As shown in [17, 191,
these modeshapes can couple with all force components
which are sinusoidally distributed around the airgap
circumference, and cause vibration problems.

Fig. 15 Measured stator mode shape associated with natural frequency

3160Hz
Circumferential (n = 0)

I
0.5

17
25
33
41
1
measuring point
Fig. 17 Measured modeshape waves associated with stator natural frequencies
Mode order n = 2. 488Hz
1

-1

.o

15

4
21

27

33

39

45

::o
LL

--e---------

Fig. 16 Measured stator mode shape associated with naturul ji.equency

3160Hz
Longitudinal (m = 0)

As may be seen from the above Figures, the mode

associated with 488Hz is of circumferential order 2, its
circumferential modeshape is regular and very close to
a sinusoidal wave, and its longitudinal mode shape
along the machine length is uniform. This means that
the vibration mode associated with 488Hz is n = 2 and
m = 0 (circumferential mode 2 and longitudinal mode
0). The mode associated with 1896Hz is of n = 3 and m
= 0 but its circumferential mode shape deviates from a
sinusoidal wave and its longitudinal mode shape takes
a regular shape similar to a barrelling mode. The mode
associated with 2704Hz is of n = 4 and m = 0. Its circumferential modeshape is regular and close to a sinusoidal wave and the longitudinal shape is not uniform
along the machine length and does not take a regular
shape. However, further examination reveals that the
extent to which the amplitude of the F R F of this component varies along the machine length is small so that
radial vibration associated with this frequency component can be treated as uniform along the machine
length. The mode associated with 3160Hz is of n = 0
and m = 0. Its circumferential mode shape is uniform
around the stator circumference, and the longitudinal
shape takes a regular shape along the machine length.
246

-1

17
25
33
41
1
measuring point
Fig. 18 Measured modeshape waves associated with stator natural fiequencies
1

Mode order n = 3, 1896Hz

kLL o
-1

1
25
33
41
measuring point
Fig. 19 Measured modeshape waves associated with stator natural fiequencies
1

17

Mode order n = 4. 2704Hz

3.3 Enriched stator FRF spectrum

It is found from all the measured stator F R F diagrams
that resonance pairs in the stator frequency response
diagram corresponding to those of the ring model were
found, for example, corresponding to each of the natural frequencies 488, 1896, 2704 and 3160Hz, another
resonance peak is visible close by. These are listed in
Table 1.
IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 143, No. 3, May 1996

Table 1: Measured values of resonance pairs on the stator (frequencies underlined were previously identified)
Frequency values
Values, Hz

Difference

Hz

Values, Hz

488

504

16

1896

1932

36

2704
2704
3 160

2664

40

2744

40

3192

32

An examination of the circumferential and longitudinal modeshapes of these resonance pairs was then carried out. For the purpose of demonstration,
modeshapes associated with the pair 488 and 504Hz
and the pair 2704 and 2744Hz are shown below.

For the purpose of comparison, the circumferential

mode shapes of the pair 488Hz and 504Hz are plotted
in Fig. 20. As may be seen from Fig. 20, they have the
same circumferential mode order which is n = 2 and
display the same circumferential mode shape which is
very close to sinusoidal around the stator periphery.
Fig. 20 also shows that vibration at 504Hz (in thin
line) has a relatively low amplitude comparing to the
488Hz component (in thick line). Figs. 21 and 22 show
the measured longitudinal modeshape of radial vibration of this pair. These Figures clearly demonstrate that
they take a similar longitudinal modeshape which is a
straight line.

Fig. 23 Measured stator circumfbrentialmode shapes associated with resonance pairs

2704Hz (thick line) and 2744Hz (thin line), n = 2

Fig. 20 Measured stator circumferential mode shapes associated with resonance pairs

1 .o

488Hz (thick line) and 504Hz (thin line), n = 2

0.5
10
0.5
0

-0.5

-0.5

-1 .o

- 1 . O L
1
2

2
3

3
15

4
21

27

33

39

45

-----%------A-

Fig. 21 Measured stator longitudinal mode shape associated with resonuncej?equemy pair 488Hz und 504Hz
Longitudinal m

15

21

27

33

39

45

0, 488Hz

-A-+----

Fig. 24 Measured stator longitudinal mode shape associated with resonancefrequency pair 2704Hz and 2744Hz
Longitudinal m = 0, 2704Hz

10

0.5

-0 5
-1.0 t
1
3

15

21

27

33

39

45

--a------o----e-----.r----c--c-

15

21

27

33

39

45

e
-

Fig. 22 Measured stator longitudinal mode shape associated with resonance fvequency pair 488Hz und 504Hz

Fig. 25 Measured stutor longitudinal mode shape associated with resonancefrequency pair 2704Hz und 27441%

Longitudinal m = 0, 504Hz

Longitudinal m = 0, 2744Hz

IEE ProcElectr. Power Appl., Vol. 143, No. 3, May 1996

247

Fig. 23 shows the circumferential modeshapes associated with the pair 2704Hz and 2744Hz in thick and
thin lines, respectively. This Figure shows that this pair
have the same circumferential mode order (n = 4) and
again take a similar circumferential modeshape. The
measured longitudinal radial vibration of the pair is
shown in Figs. 24 and 25. As may be seen from these
Figures, longitudinal vibration associated with the pair
is approximately uniform along the stator length. This
again suggests that this pair take a similar mode shape.
Further examination shows that the same is also true
for the circumferential and longitudinal modeshapes of
the other resonance pairs listed in Table 1.

Fi

26 Measured stator mode shape associated with resonance frequency

62!HZ
Circumferential (n = 2)

0.5

An observation of all measured frequency responses of

the stator further shows that in addition to the frequencies identified so far, there are other frequency peaks
which persist over most of the measuring points, these
are identified and shown in Fig. 8. The frequency
value, circumferential and longitudinal mode order of
these components is listed in Table 2.
Table 2: Measured stator natural frequency values and
associated mode orders
Circumferential
mode order

Londitudinal
mode order

Frequency
values, Hz

n=2

m=O

672

n=3

1812

n=3

m=O
m=O

n=4

m=O

2596

n=O

m=O

3026

1596

Again, the circumferential and longitudinal modeshapes of these frequency components were examined.
It is found that these frequency components are associated with similar radial vibration modeshape patterns
to those previously revealed in this Section. For the
purpose of display, the modeshapes associated with
672Hz, 1812 and 2596Hz are shown here in Figs. 2631.
Fig. 26 shows that the circumferential modeshape of
the component 672Hz is very regular and close to sinusoidal but of low amplitude. This is a similar modeshape to the pair 488Hz and 504Hz in Fig. 20. Fig. 27
shows that the measured longitudinal radial vibration
of this component is uniform along the stator length.
This also shows that its longitudinal modeshape is a
straight line which is a similar shape to 488Hz and
504Hz in Figs. 21 and 22.

-1.01

2
3

3
9

15

21

27

33

39

45

---&.----+a-

Fi

. 27 Meusured stator m#& shape associated with Tesonuncejrequenc?;

679Hz

Longitudinal (m = 0)

The above analysis shows that asymmetries cause the

stator to exhibit the phenomenon of natural frequency
pairs. Moreover, the pair are associated with the same
circumferential vibration mode order and take similar
circumferential vibration mode shapes and longitudinal
radial vibration mode shapes. In the calculation of the
stator natural frequencies therefore, if a symmetrical
stator model is used, the results obtained will miss
some structure natural frequencies and therefore mislead the machine designer. It should be noted that previous authors have mentioned the phenomenon of
resonance pair (frequency splitting) in their publications [ I l , 12, 151 where they have concluded that these
frequency pairs are associated with symmetric and
antisymmetric longitudinal modes. However, as highly
symmetrical models were used in these studies, most of
the pairs discussed here would not appear or show persistent at their measurement points. Therefore, the conclusions drawn above were different from theirs.
248

Fig. 28 Measured stator mode shape associated with resonance.fvequency

1812Hz
Circumferential (n = 3)

Again, as may be seen from Figs. 28-31, the frequency components 1812Hz and 2596Hz take similar
circumferential and longitudinal modeshapes to that of
1896Hz and 2704Hz shown in Figs. 11-14.
Based on this analysis, some further interesting conclusions can be drawn. The asymmetries in the structure of the stator causes it to have more than one
natural frequency for each specific circumferential
mode order. Their circumferential and longitudinal
radial vibration mode shapes are similar. For the measured stator, this can be seen from frequency components 488Hz, 504Hz and 672Hz for the mode n = 2
IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 143, No. 3, May 1996

and m = 0; 1596Hz, 1812Hz and 1896Hz for the mode

order n = 3 and m = 0 and 2596Hz, 2704Hz and
2744Hz for the mode n = 4 and m = 0.

0.5

-0.5

21

27

-1.01
1
3

15

33

39

45

----A-----S--+---e--

Fig. 29 Measured ,stator mode shape associated with resonance frequency

1812Hz
Longitudinal (m = 0)

Fi . 30 Measured stator mode shape a.s.sociated with resoncEnce,fl.equency

2596Hz
Circumferential (11 = 4)

I
T

.o t

2
3

3
9

----e--+----

Fi

15

21

27

33

39

45

. 31 Memured slutor mode shape associated with re.ronuncejkquency

2596tfz
Longitudinal (m

Conclusions

In this paper, the experimental and analytical obtained

FRF spectra of rings and a motor stator have been
analysed. From these results, the effects of ring and
stator irregularities on their dynamic behaviour can be
seen. For the very simple ring models adopted, a small
notch will cause important changes in the structure resonant behaviour. For the motor stator, irregularities
will cause the stator to have more than one natural frequency associated with a specific circumferential and
longitudinal mode order. In particular, there are natural frequency pairs whose frequency difference is small.
The circumferential modeshapes of natural frequencies
introduced by the asymmetries are similar and also
exhibit the same longitudinal modeshape patterns.
These will increase motor noise and vibration level as
they increase the possibility of coincidence between the
motor natural frequencies and electromagnetically
induced forces. In particular, the natural frequency
pairs may he excited simultaneously in applications
such as cycloconverter drive systems where radial airgap forces of the same order but of small frequency difference are often produced [6, 121.
The asymmetry frequencies are caused mainly by the
stator winding and frame irregularities which means
that the design details of winding and frame will play a
very important role in the mechanical behaviour of
electrical machines and should not be treated simply as
additional mass as has been previously done when performing stator natural frequency calculations.
It can be concluded that motors for use in noise and
vibration sensitive area should be manufactured as
symmetrical as possible in particular in the design of
the winding overhang.
5

-0.5
-1

internal surface of the core. As further discussed in

[17], the asymmetries introduced by the teeth can be
neglected for low circumferential mode orders such as
2, 3, 4 etc. Therefore, it is the asymmetries of the winding and the frame which cause the stator to have the
unusual vibration behaviours described.
The conclusion that can be drawn from the above
analysis is that frame and winding irregularities can
play a very important role in the prediction of noise in
electrical machines and therefore should not be
neglected.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr R. Neilson and D. Martin for their advice on many occasions and also
acknowledge the financial support of the SERC and
the Ministry of Defence.
References

= 0)

3.4 Discussion
The analysis described so far has shown, in general, the
effects of the stator irregularity on stator vibration
behaviour and does not differentiate between frame
and core irregularities. It has been argued [20] that the
teeth are identical and uniformly spaced around the
periphery and constitute a small proportion of the core
mass and can be assumed to be spaced closely enough
for their effects to be averaged (or smeared) over the
TEE Proc Electr Power Appl , Vol 147, N o 3, May 1996

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15 WILLIAMS, K., SINGAL, R.K., and VERMA, S.P.: Vibrations
of long and short laminated stators of electrical machines. Part 11:
results for long stators, J. Sound Vib., 1989, 129, (l), pp. 1-13
16 SINGAL, R.K., WILLIAMS, K., and VERMA, S.P.: Vibrations
of long and short laminated stators of electrical machines. Part
111: results for short stators and validity of simplified frequency
equation, J. Sound Vib., 1989, 129, (l), pp. 1-13
17 CHANG, S.C.: Vibration characteristic of induction machines
fed from sinusoidal and variable frequency sources. PhD thesis,
Aberdeen University, 1993
18 EWINS, D.J.: Modal testing: theory and practice (Research
Studies Press, Hertfordshire, England, 1984)
19 YACAMINI, R., and CHANG, S.C.: Noise and vibration from
induction machines fed from harmonic source. IEEE 6th international conference on Harmonics in power systems, 1994, Bologna,
Italy, pp. 82-88; IEEE PES Trans., to be published
20 SEWALL, J.L., and NAUMANN, E.C.: An experimental and
analytical vibration study of thin cylindrical shells with and without longitudinal stiffeners. NASA T N D-4705, 1968

250

7. I

Appendix

Stator details

Table 3: General data

Type

Cage type induction machine

Horse power, kW

37

Number of phases

Rated frequency,

Hz

Rated voltage, V

50
415

Line load current, A

64

Number of poles

Connection

Table 4: Stator structure data

Type of stator structure

Encased

Number of slots

48

Airgap length, m m

0.6366

Airgap radius, m m

124.459

Outside radius of frame, m m

196.46

Inside radius of frame, m m

188.46

Outside radius of core, m m

154.46

Inside radius of core, m m

124.78

Frame length, m m

48 1

Core length, m m

222

Height of tooth, m m

29.68

Width of teeth (regular part), m m

Tooth width near core, m m

12

Width of slot opening, m m

Slot width near gap, m m

10

Slot width near core, m m

13

IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 143, No. 3, May 1996