FS 2

Field Study

Learning Episode

TEACHING APPROACHES
AND THE K to 12
CURRICULUM

My Learning Episode Overview

The K to 12 Law explicit the pedagogical approach for the K to 12
Curriculum. This Episode revolves this around the pedagogical approach.

My Intended Learning Outcomes

In this Episode, I must be able to:
Determine the teaching approach used by the Resource Teachers
Identify instances where the pedagogical approaches of the K to 12 Curriculum
contained in the law are observed

My Performance Criteria
I will be rated through the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Quality of my observations and documentations,

Completeness and depth of my analysis,
Depth and clarity of my classroom observation-based reflections,
Completeness, organizations, clarity of my portfolio and
Time of submission of my portfolio

My Learning Essentials
R.A. 10533, the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, states: The curriculum
shall use pedagogical approaches that are constructivist, inquiry-based, reflective,
collaborative, and integrative. (Sec. 5 e) It shall be learner-centered, inclusive, and
developmentally appropriate. (Sec. 5 a)
The tables below contrast teacher-centered and learner-centered approach to teaching-learning
Table 3. Teacher centered approach vs. learner-centered approach
Teacher-centered
Learner-centered
Subject matter-centered
Learner-centered
Teacher-dominated
Interactive
Banking Approach
Constructivist
Disciplinal
Integrated
Individualistic, competitve
Collaborative

Indirect, guided
Direct
Source: Corpuz, B. and G. Salandanan (2013) Priniples of Teaching. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing
Table 4. Teacher centered approach vs. learner-centered approach
Teacher-centered Approach
Learner-centered Approach
Knowledge is deposited by teacher in the minds of
Learners construct knowledge by receiving information
students (banking system); teacher is the only expert from teacher and integrating it with their experiences and
and the only source of information
prior information (constructivist).
Emphasis is on subject matter for the test
Teacher dominates class proceedings
Focus is on single discipline
Culture is individualistic and highly competitive
Only students are viewed as learners

Emphasis is on using knowledge learned to solve

problems in real life contexts.
Students are actively involved in learning activities.
Makes use of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary
approach.
Culture is cooperative, collaborative and supportive
Teachers and learners learn together.

My Map
I will observe one Resource Teacher teach, analyze and reflect on my observations.
To realize my Target/Intended Learning Outcomes, I will follow the following steps:

Step 1

Review the notes in the Learning Essentials.

Step 1

Observe one Resource Teacher

Step 1

Accomplish Observation Sheet

Step 1

Analyze my observations

Step 1

Reflect on my observations.

My Learning Activities
I will observe one Resource Teacher with the use of an Observation Sheet for greater
focus. I will analyze my observations with the help of guide questions then reflect on my
observations and analysis.

OBSERVATION SHEET #5

Resource Teacher: Maria Corazon S. Visande

Teachers Signature

School: UPPER TAMBLER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL II

Grade/Year Level: Grade 1

Subject Area: English

Teacher-centered
Did teacher focus only on one
discipline/subject?
Maam Visande teaches all the subjects in one
day thats why she can connect the topics one
by one that the learners can comprehend slowly
but surely.

Date: February 7, 2016

Student-centered
Did teacher connect lesson to other
disciplines/subjetcs?
Maam Visande connects her lessons to the
other lessons so that the learners can easily
understand some of the technical words like
translating English words to Mother Tongue.

What teaching-learning practice show that teaching approach was:

a.constructivist-connected to past experiences of learners; learners constructed new lesson
meanings
Teacher teaches her lessons by connecting the past schemas of the learners to the new ones,
creating a new and whole schemata. Just like some of the lessons are already done in the
previous quarter but in the final quarter, it became a whole new schema for the learners.
b. inquiry-based
Teacher acts as the midwife of learning wherein she will ask many questions and lets the learners
think and formulate their own answers.
c. developmentally appropriate-learning activities fit the developmental stage of children
Teacher creates activities that are suited for the learners needs. She caters all the needs specially
those who are weak for them to catch up the lessons easily.
d. reflective
Teacher evaluates her way of teaching the learners in which it can help on to her own development
and think of new ways and right approaches for the learners in the next lessons.
e.inclusive-no learner was excluded;teacher taught everybody.

Teacher teaches all of the learners and caters all of their different needs. She motivates the
learners everytime she teaches and never ignores the learners. She is very considerate and she
also gives rewards to the learners who did their best.
f.collaborative-students worked together.
Teacher recognizes the influence and ideas of peers to each of the learners. She groups them in a
heterogenous way so that the learners may share different ideas at the same time and with peers,
some learners who are not interested wil be forced to join in the discussion. Her role is to facilitate
the learners.
g.integrative-lesson was multidisciplinary- e.g. In Science, Math concepts were taught.
Teacher should master all of the subjects for her to connect all of the concepts in one lesson. If she
masters it already, then the learners will not be having a hard time understanding everything for the
teacher will aid them.

Teacher-centered
Did teacher lecture all the time?

Student-centered
Were students involve in the teaching-learning

Maam Visande does not lecture all the time.

process? How? Or were they passive recioients

She is making mini activities that will make the

of instructions?

learners more interested in the lessons since

Yes, the learners were involve in teaching-

children has a short span of attention. She

learning process. Maam Visande does not

makes learning more enjoyable but fruitful at

spoon fed her learners but initiates them to

the same time.

participate. She also said that she can learn

from them sometimes.

Was the emphasis mastery for the lesson for the Was the emphais the students application of
test? Prove.

the lesson in real life? Give proofs.

Maam Visande masters her lesson to the

The emphasis of the lesson was done in real

learners. Because she follows her lesson plan in life application. Learners cannot achieve in
an orderly manner, she is fluent and open to

learning the lesson if it is not in their real life.

new ideas from the learners, does not open

Like Maam Visande taught them how to count

books for guides and answers the question of

by twos. Learners can use this in counting their

the learners very well.

Was class atmosphere competitive? Why?

coins or baon everyday.

Was class atmosphere collaborative? Why?

It is competitive enough that the learners are

Yes, even if the class is competitive, they do

participating and doing their best to their

not forget that they also have peers in doing the

lessons. Some of the learners are aiming to be

activities. Maam Visande never forgets the idea

recognized by the teacher and peers that they

of collaborative learning in her teaching and

are smart that is why some of them really

learning process.

perseveres in doing the activities given.

My Analysis
1. Based on your observations, as a whole was instruction teacher-centered or
student-centered?
Base on my observation, there is a bit of teacher-centered but more on
student-centered. Because, Maam Visande teaches a bit then lets the learners

give more of their ideas with the help of their peers. She encourages the
learners to participate more with the discussion.
2. Were there instances when the students could have been involved in class
proceedings but were not? Give example/s.
No, there were no instances when the students could have been involved
in class proceedings. Just like when Maam Visande asks the learners to write
and take down notes, she gives them time to take notes for minutes and then
asks them to close and keep all their notes when she will start her lesson again.
The attention of the learners are always involved in any cases because there are
no distractions and Maam Visande knows how to handle it well.
3. What are possible consequences of teaching purely subject matter for mastery
and for the test?
Teaching purely subject matter for mastery and the test has a positive and
negative sides. When teaching purely subject matter, it makes the learners
foundation for the future uses stronger but it does not create a more interactive
and learner friendly atmosphere. We are already in the 21 st century and our
focus should be more on student center approach.
4. If you were to reteach the class, would you be teacher-centered or studentcentered? Why?
I will be both because I believe that there is no best approach in the teachinglearning process. In teaching the learners I will make use of textbooks and
somehow spoon fed them but I will also let them do the work in my
discussions. I will teach the class in 30% teacher centered and 70% student
centered.
5. If you abide the pedagogical approaches that the K to 12 Law states, will you
be more teacher-entered or student-centered in approach? Explain your answer.

As what I have said, I will use a bit of teacher-centered approach and

more on student centered approach and I will also weigh the approach that
suits my learners in the near future. Because there is no best approach but a
teacher should always be flexible and creative in delivering her lessons.

Between teacher-centered and student-centered approach,

the latter must be more pedagogically sound because even the R.A. 10533, the
Enhanced Basic education Act of 2013, mandates it for K to 12. Write your
reflections about it. Or is it better to use both approaches?

For me, it is better to use both approaches, the fact that they are
products of research and they already tested time, so it is really proven
to be effective. There is no best approach in the teaching learning
process, the teacher must know his/her students very well so that he/she
will know what approach to use more. We are already in the 21 st
century, so as a future teacher, I should also upgrade my approach not

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just stick to the traditional one.
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Using teacher centered approach and student centered approach
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has its own perks. I am planning to use a bit of teacher centered and a
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My Reflections

lot of student centered, observing the classes lead me making this plan

and I will really perform the 2 approaches. Because two is better than
one.

My Learning Portfolio
1. With a graphical organizer, present the pedagogical approaches to the K to
12 Curriculum as stated in R.A. 10533. Give the main features of each
approach.

GRAPHICAL ORGANIZER: R.A. 10533

COLLABORATIVE - Culture
is cooperation, collaborative
and supportive.

REFLECTIVE - Eemphasis is
on using knowledge learned
to solve problems in real life
contexts.

INTEGRATIVE - Makes use

of interdisciplinary and
multidisciplinary approach.
RA 10533: Enhanced Basic
Education Act 2013 "Learner
Centered Approach"
INQUIRY BASED - teachers
and learners learn together.

LEARNER CENTERED Students are actively

involved in learning activities.

CONTRUCTIVIST - Learners
construct kowledge by
receiving information from
teacher and integrating with
their experiences and prior
information.

2. A student-centered approach is very interactive. Research on at least 3

teaching learning activities/techniques that can be used at the beginning or
end of a lesson. Put them here.
Lesson closure is so important for learning and is a cognitive process that each student
must "go through" to wrap up learning. As teachers sometimes we forget that when
students leave our room they step out into another world - sometimes of chaos. They

instantly switch wondering what's for lunch, who they are going to meet up with in
passing period, how long will practice go tonight, what's for dinner, etc. Teachers may be
reflecting on how the lesson went or what they're going to take home to grade, but
students are not.

Journal Entry

Whip Around

Write about 2 things they learned

Students quickly and verbally share

One new learning and a lingering

one thing they learned in the class

question

today. You have them

Next steps in a project (to help link

day to day of project/studio work)

Fishbowl
Students write one question they have

Ticket Out The Door

(Exit Pass, etc.) See: Ticket Out The
Door
Can be used as formative assessment
to guide future (next day's)
instruction.
Student answers in writing a question
or questions posed or reflects about
the learning
Work a question/problem from the
material being covered
Plus/Delta
Used with other closure ideas here

about the topic of the current lesson.

This can be something for which they
know the answer or for which they
want the answer. Form an inner and
out circle. Share question with the
person in front of them to see if they
know the answer, switch who is asking
the questions, if time rotate to new
partner.

Summary Paragraph
What was learned today, specifically
and with examples. Use via journal or
ticket out the door, etc.

Source: http://k12edresources.com/?p=229

Lesson Closure Strategies

BY B R U C E D U P L A N T Y ON J A N 1 4 , 20 1 3

FS 2
Field Study

Learning Episode

GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN THE SELECTION

AND USE OF TEACHING METHOD

My Learning Episode Overview

This Learning Episode is about the guiding principles in the selection and use
of the teaching method. It comes after the FS student has been introduced to methods
of teaching.

My Intended Learning Outcomes

In this Episode, I must be able to identify the application of some guiding
principles in the selection and use of teaching strategies.

y Performance Criteria

I will be rated through the following:

f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

Quality of my observations and documentations,

Completeness and depth of my analysis,
Depth and clarity of my classroom observation-based reflections,
Completeness, organizations, clarity of my portfolio and
Time of submission of my portfolio

My Learning Essentials
Here are time-tested principles of learning:
1. Learning is an active process.
2. The more senses that are involved, the more and the better the
learning.
3. A non-threatening atmosphere enhances learning.
4. Emotion has the power to increase retention and learning.
5. Good teaching goes beyond recall of information.
6. Learning is meaningful when it is connected to students everyday
life.
7. An integrated teaching approach is far more effective than teaching
isolated bits of information.

My Map
I will observe at least 3 Resource Teachers, analyze and reflect on my observations.
To reach my Target, I will follow the following steps:

Read Learning Essentials above.

Observe one Resource Teacher.
Accomplish observation sheet.
Analyze my observations.

Step
1
Step
2
Step
3
Step
4

Reflect on my observations.

Step
5

My Learning Activities
I will observe one class by using an Observation Sheet for greater focus then analyze
my observations with the help of guide questions. I will write down my reflections on my
observations and experiences.

OBSERVATION SHEET #5
Resource Teacher: Maria Corazon S. Visande

Teachers Signature

School: UPPER TAMBLER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL II

Grade/Year Level: Grade 1

Subject Area: English

Guiding Principles in the Selection and

Use of Strategies
1. The more senses that are involved, the
more, and the better the learning.
2. Learning is an active process.

3. A non-threatening atmosphere enhances

learning.

Date: February 17, 2016

Teaching Behavior of the Resource

Teacher that Applies the Principle
Teacher used the song I can, You can to
the learners. Learners enjoyed singing and
dancing.
Teacher used different kinds of materials in
teaching the lesson like pictures, activities
and mini games.
Teacher produces a calm and warm
approaches to the learners, making them
feel loved and unignored of their ideas.

4. Emotion has the power to increase retention Teacher always recognizes the learners
and learning.
and gives them award. It excites the
learners more in the discussion.
5. Good teaching goes beyond recall of
information.

6. Learning is meaningful when it is connected

to students everyday life.

7. An integrated teaching approach is far more

effective than teaching isolated bits of
information.

Before starting her lesson, teacher asks to

recall the past lesson and asks questions
related to it. She is making a connection
into their new topic so that learners can
easily understand the new one.
Teacher teaches the lesson that is
connected to the learners life like giving
examples of scenarios in which they can
use the lesson.
Teacher teaches the lesson in which some
of th informations can be used in other
subjects, she is making a bridge so that
learners can understand more.

My Analysis
1. Did you find the Teacher adhering to all the principles of teaching-learning? Was there
any principle that was violated? Explain your answer.
Ive been observing Maam Visande since FS 1 and I havent seen that she violated the
principles of teaching learning. She really is a great teacher. I somehow look at to her.
Despite that she gained age she doesnt forgot the principles and she already mastered

these principles. I can see it the way she teaches her learners, she is like a mother to
everyone even me.
2. Which principle of teaching was not applied, hence not observed? If not applied can
you of an instance where it could have been applied?
All of the principles of teaching are applied perfectly. The teacher mastered the principles in
her teaching.

What is the best method of teaching? Is there such a thing?

There is no best method in teaching because it all depends in your

learners and what you can do for them. According to Ignacio Estrada, If a
child cant learn the way we teach, maybe we should teach the way they
learn. And St. Marcellin Champagnat also said that In order to teach
children, you must love them. When you are devoted in teaching, doing all
the good things for the learners is a natural response. You just have to put
heart and sincerity in teaching so that learners can help you achieve your
goals and you can help achieving their goals too.

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My Reflections

My Learning Portfolio
Are the pedagogical approaches to K to 12 as stipulated in Enhanced Basic Education
Act of 2013 based on these principles of teaching-learning? (Refer to R.A. 10533,
Sec. 4 for the pedagogical approaches). Come up with a table like this.
Pedagogical Approach to K to 12
1. Constructivist

Principle of Teaching
1. Good teaching goes beyond recall of
information.
2. Learning is meaningful when it is connected
to students everyday lives.

2. Inquiry-based

3. Developmentally appropriate

4. Reflective

5. Inclusive

6. Collaborative

7. Integrative

1. Asking of questions that will make the learners

think of more ideas.
2. Learning is based in using the cognitive
domain approaches.
1. Cognitive development varies to the learners
understanding and expectations.
2. Learners are integrated with concise learning
materials and activities appropriate to their ages.
1. Understanding was developed when a student
actively recognize to solve problem in real life
experiences.
2. Learning comes when a student reflect towards
the lesson given in the class.
1. Learning comes up with an integrated design of
learning, relating one topic to another topic.
2. Good teachers include everything within the
scope of the subject he or she is teaching.
1. Learning is at its best with the help of different
learning materials especially those wholl cater
the learners senses.
2. A good learning experience comes up with a
good learning objectives and activities.
1. A good teacher comes up with a good visualization of
merging one discipline to other discipline. He/She makes
a bridge to make the understanding of the learners easier.
2. A good learning experience use interdisciplinary
method to multidisciplinary method and core.