8/2/2013

Ques No.1
A nozzle is device used to increase the velocity of the
steadily flowing stream. At the inlet of a nozzle the fluid
parameters are:Enthalpy = 2850 kJ/kg.
Velocity = 50 m/s
Area = 0.1 m
Specific vol = 0.18 m/kg.
At the exit : Enthalpy = 2650 kJ/kg, spec. vol =0.49 m/kg.
Calculate exit velocity, mass flow rate, and exit area.
Assume that nozzle is horizontal and negligible heat loss.

for nozzle steady state equation is :q w = h + k.e. + p.e. (for unit mass)
Now q = w = p.e = 0
0= h + k.e
Given: hi =2850kJ/kg, vi =50m/s, he= 2650 kJ/kg.
0 = (he hi) + (ve2 vi2)/2

so, ve= 634.43 m/s.

Vi Ai
Ve Ae
now mass flow rate = m vi ve
So m = 27.78 kg/s
now area at exit A2 = 0.02145 m2.

8/2/2013

Ques No.2
A steam turbine operates under steady flow conditions
receiving steam at the following state:Inlet:- P = 15 bar, u = 2700 kJ/kg, v = 0.17 m/kg,
velocity = 100 m/s.
Discharge:- P = 0.1 bar, u = 2175 kJ/kg, v = 15 m/kg,
Velocity = 300 m/s.
Intake is 3 m above the exit section.
If turbine develops 35 kW and heat loss from turbine is
20 kJ/kg. Determine the steam flow rate thru turbine.

for a unit mass , steady state equation is :q w = h + k.e + p.e

q = - 20 kJ/kg.
h = (he- hi); he= ue+Pe ve and hi= ui+Pi vi
h = -630 kJ/kg.
Therefore w = 569.99 kJ/kg.
Power gen. = 35 kW
w. m = 35 kW.
mass flow rate = 0.0614 kg/s.

8/2/2013

Ques No. 3
A perfect gas flow thru a nozzle, where it
expands in a reversible adiabatic manner.
Inlet conditions are P= 22 bar, velocity = 38 m/s.
At the exit P = 2 bar.
Determine exit velocity and exit area if the flow
rate is 4kg/s.
Take R for the gas 190 J/kg K and = 1.35.

for a unit mass , steady state equation is :q w = h + k.e + p.e

q = w = p.e = 0
0 = (he hi) + (ve2 vi2)/2
h = (he hi) = Cp (Te Ti)
Cp =
and
and Te = 415.13K
h = - 262265.33 J/kg.
ve= 725.24 m/s.
now for exit PV = mRT and V = 1.578 m/s.
Area x ve = 1.578 m/s.
Hence Area = 2.176x 10-3 m.

8/2/2013

Ques No.4
In a steady flow process, fluid flows thru a machine at
a rate of 15 kg/min. B/w the entrance and the exit,
the data for the fluid is :Parameter

Inlet

outlet

Velocity (m/s)

Pressure (kPa)

100

700

Specific volume (m/kg)

0.45

0.125

Working fluid leaves the m/c with internal energy

160kJ/kg greater than that at entrance and during the
process heat loss to surrounding is 7200 kJ/min.
Assume entrance & exit pt at the same level.
Determine rate of work and ratio of inlet diameter to
outlet diameter.

for a unit mass , steady state equation is :q w = h + k.e + p.e

h = (he- hi); he= ue+ Pe ve and hi= ui+ Pi vi and
h = (ue- ui) + (Pe ve - Pi vi )
h = 202500 J/kg.
therefore w = -682.519 kJ/kg.
rate of work = w x m = -170.63 kW.
and now ratio of diameters:

V A
V A
m i i e e
vi
ve

so
hence

8/2/2013

Ques No. 5
In a gas turbine, the gas enters at a rate of 5kg/s with a
velocity of 50m/s and enthalpy of 900 kJ/kg &
leaves the turbine with a velocity of 150 m/s and an
enthalpy of 400 kJ/kg. loss of heat from the gases to
surrounding 25 kJ/kg.
For gas R = 0.285 kJ/kg k and Cp = 1.004kJ/kg k and
inlet conditions are 100 kPa and 27C.
Determine power output and diameter of inlet pipe.
Fluid elevation is neglected.

for a unit mass , steady state equation is :q w = h + k.e + p.e

w = 465 kJ/kg.
Power = w x m = 2325 kW.
now for inlet PV = mRT and V = 4.275 m/s.
Area x velocity = 4.275 m/s.
Area =0.0855m ,
so inlet diameter is = 33cm.

8/2/2013

Ques No.6
A pump delivers 2750 kg of water per min from
initial pressure of 0.5 bar to final pressure of 2.8
bar. Suction point is 2m below and delivery point
is 5m above the centre of pump. If the suction and
delivery pipes are 15 cm and 10 cm respectively.
Make calculations for the power.
Assume no change in internal energy and pump is
properly insulated no change in density of water at
the inlet and at the outlet.

for a unit mass , steady state equation is :q w = h + k.e + p.e

h = (he- hi); he= ue+ Pe ve and hi= ui+ Pi vi and
h = (ue- ui) + (Pe ve - Pi vi )
u = 0, so hence h = (Pe ve - Pi vi )
also ve = vi = (1/)

Vi Ai
Ve Ae
and mass flow rate m

vi

ve

so inlet vel = Vi = 2.59m/s & exit vel = Ve= 5.874m/s.

so w = -282.298 J/kg.
and power P = w x m = 12.94 kW.