Name: Nguyen Thi Thanh Tuyen

ID student: 1557010251
Class: NVA001-03
CHAPTER 6: Cause/Effect Essay
Practice 3:
2. Due to the ability of computers to keep records of sales and inventory, many
big department stores rely on them.
(Due to + noun phrase)
3. A medical computer system is an aid to physicians because if its ability to
interpret data from a patients history and provide a diagnosis.
(because of + noun phrase)
A medical computer system is an aid to physicians because it can
interpret data from a patients history and provide diagnosis.
4. War, famine, and ethnic violence have caused a flood of refugees in the past
50 years.
(cause + noun phrase)
5. Hollywood movies are known for their special effects because US audiences
seem to demand them.
(because + clause)
6. Since European audiences seem to prefer movies that explore psychological
or philosophical issues, European movies are generally quieter and more
thought-provoking.
(since + clause)
7. Smog results from chemical air pollutants being trapped under a layer of war
air.
(result from + noun phrase)
8. Johns promotion is the result of his brilliant management skills and company
loyalty.
(the result of + noun phrase)

9. Little is known about life on the ocean floor, for scientists have only recently
developed the technology to explore it.
(for + clause)
10. Holes are created in the protective ozone layer of the stratosphere as a result
of the burning of fossil fuels.
(as a result of + noun)
Practice 4:
1.The performance of electric cars is inferior to the performance of cars with
conventional internal combustion engines; consequently, some improvements
must be made in them if they are to become popular.
2.However, electric cars are reliable, economical, and nonpolluting; therefore,
the government is spending millions of dollars to improve their technology,
3.Electric cars use relatively inexpensive electricity for power; thus, they cost
less to operate than cars use gasoline.
4.The cost of gasoline is rising; as a result, some automobile manufacturers
have begun to produce electric models.
5.His patient diplomacy results in the successful negotiation of a peace treaty.
6. It has been documented that lack of sleep affects a persons ability to think
clearly.
7. Cold water is denser than warm water and will therefore sink.
8. Freshwater is less dense than sault water, so it tends to float on the surface of
a body of salt water.
9. Air pollution creates holes in the protective ozone layer of the stratosphere.
Thereby allowing harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach Earths surface.
10. The cause of the patients rapid recovery was the excellent care he received
from his doctor.
Practice 5:
2. C Some breeds of dogs have a stronger desire to perform a service than other
breeds.
E They are more suitable as search-and-rescue animals.

(Since) some breeds of dogs have a stronger desire to perform a service than
other breeds, they are more suitable as search-and-rescue animals.
3. E Seals and other aquatic mammals can see when they are hunting for food in
the dark ocean depths at night.
C They have very large eyes.
Seals and other aquatic mammals can see when they are hunting for food in the
dark ocean depths at night (due to) their very large eyes.
4. C Metals have many free-moving electrons.
E Metals are good conductors of heat.
Metals have many free-moving electrons; (consequently), they are good
conductors of heat.
5. C My company began offering employees flexible working hours.
E Productivity has increased.
E Absenteeism has declined.
My company began offering employees flexible working hours; (as a result),
productivity has increased and absenteeism has declined.
6. E Radiation could escape into the atmosphere.
C The Chernobyl nuclear power plant had no confinement shell.
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant had no confinement shell; (hence), radiation
could escape into the atmosphere.
7. C Operators had disregarded safety rules.
E The nuclear reactor at Chernobyl underwent a meltdown.
The nuclear reactor at Chernobyl underwent a meltdown (because of) the
operatorsdisregard for safety rules.
8. C During a weather phenomenon known as El Nio, a mass of warm water
flows eastward across the Pacific Ocean toward South America.
E The temperature of the water off the coast of Peru rises as much as 10F.
During a weather phenomenon known as El Nio, a mass of warm water flows
eastward across the Pacific Ocean toward South America, (thereby) raising the
temperature of the water off the coast of Peru as much as 10F.
9. E Weather around the world changes.

C During an El Nio, the jet stream blows in a different pattern.

During an El Nio, the jet stream blows in a different pattern; (therefore),
weather around the world changes.
10. C In some areas of the world, heavy rains fall.
E Devastating floods and mudslides happen.
In some areas of the world, heavy rains (cause) devastating floods and
mudslides to happen.
11. E In other parts of the world, thousands of people suffer starvation.
C Drought happens.
In other parts of the world thousands of people suffer starvation (as a result of)
drought.
Apply what you have learned
Questions (pages 108109)
1. c 2.b 3.b
4. (1) They put food on the ground for scavenger species.
(2) They keep prey animal populations healthier by killing sick and old animals.
(3) Their presence makes moose and elk move around more, so they dont
trample
plants as much. Increased vegetation helps a lot of species.
5. b 6.b 7.b 8.b

9.b

10. a. effect
b. as a result
c. thereby
d. thus
11. wolves
12. predators and wild beings
13. also