LEOPEA MIHAIL

IMEN 1531

PROJECT
I.
Design and analysis of a press mechanism
For the given press mechanism nr :2
The length of the links are: Crank r=45, Coupler l=210
Design the mechanism for Slider displacement of h=280.
1. Make a through investigation of the press mechanisms

Press
Machine with static (nonimpact) action for working metals by means of pressure.
Presses are widely used in various branches of industryfor the processing of metal
s, plastics, rubber, agricultural and food products, and other materials. They are al

so used for the study of theproperties of these materials under high pressures. Pr
esses have their widest range of application in the metalworking industry, where t
heyare used for forging, for stamping solid stock and sheet metal, and for forming
extrusions. They are also used for metalworking assemblyoperations, such as pre
ss-fitting of gears, pins, and bearing races, and for mechanical testing.
Historical information. Manually operated screw presses were used as early as th
e 15th and 16th centuries in such trades as butter1

making, viticulture, printing, and bookbinding, which are not connected with met
alworking. At the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18thcentury, screw presses
were used for working metals under pressure, specifically for minting coins and
medals, and later, for stamping.Hydraulic presses became common in the mid19th century in the forging and stamping industry. With the development of large
series andmass production, crank presses, which constitute the largest group of fo
rging and stamping machines, came to be widely used, especiallyafter the inventi
on of electric motors.
Design and principles of operation. The basic parts of a press are the slide, a bed
with guides for the slide and bolster plate, drive andcontrol mechanisms, mechani
zation and automation devices, and the tool. The moving part of the tool is attach
ed to the slide, whichperforms a reciprocating motion, and the stationary part is a
ttached to the bolster plate. The article is shaped by compression of the blankbet
ween the moving and the stationary parts of the tool. The principal parameters of
the press, which, taken as a whole, determine itstechnical capacity and constructi
on features, are nominal strength, stroke and velocity of the slide, and dimensions
of the bolster plate.
Basic types. According to the drive used, presses are classified as hydraulic, mech
anical (crank, screw, and friction types), andhydromechanical. In hydraulic presses
, the slide is actuated by the pressure exerted by water, emulsion, or oil, which fu
nctions as the carrierof energy. Upon entering the cylinder, the hydraulic fluid dis
places a piston that is connected to the slide. A crank press works by using acrank
gear to transform the rotary motion of the drive into the reciprocating motion of t
he slide. The screw press uses a screw mandrel with anon-selfbraking thread to impart motion to the slide. The mandrel is rotated either by an
electric motor acting through a friction gear (frictionpress), or by fluid pressure (h
ydraulic screw press). Depending on the intended use, presses have slides that mo
ve either vertically, forexample, for stamping, or horizontally, for example, for for
ming.
Hydraulic presses are the most powerful. Hydraulic stamping presses develop forc
es of up to 735 meganewtons, (MN), or 75,000 tonsforce(tf); hydraulic presses for the production of diamonds develop forces of up t
o 490 MN, or 50,000 tf. Crank presses produce a maximum forceof about 100 MN,
and screw presses produce a maximum force of about 125 MN.
2

2. Make the structural representation.

3. Identify links and pair, kinematic

groups, loops, compute DOF.

A: R1-2 f=1;
B: R2-3 f=1;
C: R3-6 f=1;
D: R6-1 f=1;
E: R3-4 f=1;
F: R4-5 f=1;
G: T5-1 f=1;
DOF=3(4-1)-2*4=1

4. Propose a first kinematic analysis and choose the appropriate length of the
links.
AB=45;
BC=75;
CD=100;
CE=210;
EF=130;
AD=122.29;
AB+AD<BC+CD
5. Perform a first kinematic analysis by the graphical method. Extract
numerical results and discuss those using tables and curves you may find
appropriate.
F2
F6
S

135
10
211

195
255
315
375
435
342
331
333
359
22
196.5131 308.6114 428.5103 419.5314 356.3

495
10
211

6. Write and solve the loop closure equation. Present numerical results for 6
positions of crank.

i)

AB+BC+CD+DA=0
AB=l2u2=l2(icosF2+jsinF2)
BC=l3u3=l3(icosF3+jsinF3)
CD=l6u6=l6(icosF6+jsinF6)
DA=l1u1=l1(icosF1+jsinF1)

ii)
CD+DF+FE+EC=0
CD=l6u6=l6(icosF6+jsinF6)
DF=l4u4=l4(icosF4+jsinF4)
FE=l5u5=l5j-si
EC=l3u3=l3(icosF3+jsinF3)

i)

AB+BC+CD+DA=0
l2u2+l3u3+l6u6+l1u1=0

l2(icosF2+jsinF2)+l3(icosF3+jsinF3)+l6(icosF6+jsinF6)+l1(icosF1+jsinF1)=0
-l6(icosF6+jsinF6)=l2(icosF2+jsinF2)+l3(icosF3+jsinF3)+l1(icosF1+jsinF1)/2
l62=l22 +l32+l12+2l2l3(cosF2cosF3+sinF2sinF3)+2l2l1(cosF2cosF1+sinF2sinF1)+
+2l3l1(cosF3cosF1+sinF3sinF1)
A=2l2l3sinF2+2l3l1sinF1
B=2l2l3cosF2+2l3l1cosF1
C=l22+l32+l12+2l2l1(cosF2cosF1+sinF2sinF1)-l62
2 +2 2

F3=2atan(

F3=60
l32=l22+l62+l12+2l2l6(cosF2cosF6+sinF2sinF6)+2l2l1(cosF2cosF1+sinF2sinF1)+
+l6l1(cosF6cosF1+sinF6sinF1)
A=2l2l6sinF2+2l6l1sinF1
B=2l2l6cosF2+2l6l1cosF1
C= l22+l62+l12-l32+2l2l1(cosF2cosF1+sinF2sinF1)
2 +2 2

F6=2atan(

ii)

F6=170

CD+DF+FE+EC=0
l6u6+l4u4+l5u5+l3u3=0
l6(icosF6+jsinF6)+l4(icosF4+jsinF4)+l5j-si+l3(icosF3+jsinF3)=0
-l4(icosF4+jsinF4)=l6(icosF6+jsinF6)+ l5j-si+l3(icosF3+jsinF3)/2
l42=l62+l52+s2+l32+2l6l5sinF6-2l6scosF6+2l6l3(cosF6cosF3+sinF6sinF3)+
+2l5l3sinF3-2sl3cosF3
A=1
B=-2l6cosF6-2l3cosF3
C= l62+l52+l32-l42+2l6l5sinF6+2l6l3(cosF6cosF3+sinF6sinF3)+2l5l3sinF3
D=B2-4AC
s=

s=211

F3C
F6C
SC

-59.91
170.20
211.08

-52.61
-161.48
196.53

-85.12
-151.03
308.77

-118.25
-152.96
428.47

-118.93
-178.62
419.52

-99.07
157.77
356.35

7. Choose the proper dimensions to obtain the imposed slider displacement.

For finding of the length h we must firstly to find the minimum and
maximum position of the mechanism after this, we must measure the
length between them.
Through changing of slope inclination of base we obtain the final h the
imposed
one.
We will
length
h=280

approximate the
h=287.5829 to

8. Conclusions, final dimensions and recommendations for the detailed

design.

In this last figure we can observe that the value of h is the imposed one.
A recommendation for finding the length of h is to draw two circles: one
from the point of minimum position of the slider with the radius h and the
9

another one with radius equal with the length of the final segment by the
slider from the last articulation (in this case in point E with length 130).

10

I.

Design and analysis of a gear train with gear pair and a planetary gear
with a gear ratio of 13+n/3
= 13 +

10
= 16.33
3

1. Choose the appropriate type the gear train.

11

2. Choose the number of teeth and module

z3 = z1 + 2 z2
z1 = 17
z2 = 19
z3 = 17 + 2 19 = 55

16.33 = (1 +

55
z5
)( )
17
z4

z5
1
= 16.33
= 3.86
z4
4.23

z5 = 3.86 z4

If z4 = 17

z5 = 66

3. Compute the gear ratio.

i=

1 1 h 4 1 4
z3
z5
=

= (1 + ) ( )
5 h 4 5 h 5
z1
z4

12

i = (1 +

55 66
= 16.42
)
17 17

4. Compute the gears geometry.

We adopt the module [mm] from STAS 822-82:

13

m=1.25
We calculate the geometric elements of gear wheels :
-the height of tooth:

-The head of tooth:

-The foot of tooth:

-Head circle:

-Foot circle:

-Base circle:

-Rolling circle / division:

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Modulus

1,25

Number of Number
gear
of teeth
1
17
2
19
3
55
4
17
5
66

ha

hf

da

df

db

3,125
3,125
3,125
3,125
3,125

1,25
1,25
1,25
1,25
1,25

1,5625
1,5625
1,5625
1,5625
1,5625

23,75
26,25
71,25
23.75
85

18,125
20,625
65,625
18.125
79.375

19,9685
22,3177
64,6039
19.9685
77.5246

21,25
23,75
68,75
21.25
82.5

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