1. Operating System- The most important program that runs on your computer.; It manages all other programs
on the machine.
Basic Tasks of an OS:
1. Recognizing input from the keyboard or mouse.
2. Sending output to the monitor.
3. Keeping track of files and directories on the disk.
4. Controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
TYPE OF Operating Systems (OS)
1. Single-user, single task. This type manages the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing
at a time.
2. Multi-user, multi-task. Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time. Some operating
systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users.
3. Real Time Operating Systems. RTOS are used to control machinery, scientific instruments, and
industrial systems; Resources are managed so that a particular operation executes precisely the same
every time.
4. Single-user, Multi-task. This is the type of operating system most desktops and laptops use today; it
will allow a single user have several programs in operation at the same time.
2. Web Browsers. A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving,
presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.
An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier/Locator (URI/URL) and may be a web
page, image, video or other piece of content.
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access
information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.
The major web browsers are Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera, and Safari.
3. Images
An image is a visual representation of something; a picture that has been created or copied and stored in
electronic form; it can be described in terms of vector graphics or raster graphics.
An image stored in raster form is sometimes called a bitmap.
A raster image is made of up pixels, each a different color, arranged to display an image.
A vector image is made up of paths, each with a mathematical formula that tells the path how it is shaped
and what color it is bordered with or filled by.
Raster images are often large files, while vector images are relatively lightweight.
Vectors display at the highest resolution allowed by the output device, while rasters blur when blown up.
4. Graphic Software Applications
Graphics software refers to a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate
images or models visually on a computer.
Graphics software is used to create images and to edit and convert graphic files of different formats.
Graphics software handles two basic types of images: raster graphics and vector graphics.
4.1. Raster Graphics
Raster graphics are formed by a matrix of pixels.
Raster software is graphics software used to create, enhance, or modify raster graphics.
Four (4) common raster graphic file formats:
1. BMP (bitmap). BMPs or bitmaps are resolution-dependent and support 24-bit color.
2. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group). JPEGs are compressed and sacrifice image
quality in exchange for a reduction in image size.
3. TIFF (tagged image file format). TIFFs are used with high-resolution images.
4. GIF (graphic interchange format). GIFs display up to 256 colors, feature built-in
compression, and work with most web browsers.
A raster graphics editor is a computer program that allows users to paint and edit pictures
interactively on the computer screen.