INTRODUCTION

Alhamdulillah, Thanks to Almighty God, Allah SWT who has given His
bless to the composer for finishing English module assignment entitled
"INTERMEDIATE". The composer also wish to express his deep and
sincere gratitude for those who have helped in completing this English
module.

This English module contains grammar, exercise of English that can help
the reader to improve their English skill. This English module in using is
provided to intermediate in their English.

Hopefully, this English module can help the readers to expand their
knowledge about English studying.
Tasikmalaya, January 1st, 2015

Jika kamu tidak mampu terbang, maka berlarilah.

Jika kamu tidak mampu berlari, berjalanlah.
Jika kamu tidak mampu berjalan merangkaklah,
tetapi apapun yang kamu lakukan ,
kamu harus tetap bergerak ke depan.
~ Martin Luther King Jr

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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ii

1.

Simple Past Tense ...........

...

2.

Was and Were

3.

Simple Future Tense

4.

Past Future Tense

5.

What is Present Perfect Tense?

11

6.

Since, For, Already and Yet in Present Perfect Tense

15

7.

Be Going To VS Simple Future Tense

17

8.

What Is Past Continuous Tense?

..
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19

9.

The Correct Adjectives Order

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22

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24

26

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10

10. Adjectives dengan -ed dan -ing

11. Penggunaan Modal Auxiliary

12. Kalimat Pasif : Simple Present Tense

33

..

37

39

42

16. Kalimat Pasif : Present Continuous Tense

.

44

17. Elliptical Sentence : Too/So

46

13. Kalimat Pasif : Simple Past Tense

14. Kalimat Pasif : Simple Future Tense

15. Kalimat Pasif : Present Perfect Tense

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18. Elliptical Sentence: Either dan Neither

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1. Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta
fakta-fakta atau
kejadian-kejadian
kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau atau masa lalu. Jika kita
membicarakan masa lampau, itu bisa beberapa menit yang lalu, sejam
yang lalu, 2 hari yang lalu, bulan lalu, tahun lalu dan sebagainya, yang
penting masa waktunya sudah lewat dan tidak ada hubungannya dengan
masa sekarang.
Contoh:
I ate pizza 2 minutes ago.
= Saya makan pizza dua menit yang lalu.
She did homework last night. = Dia mengerjakan PR tadi malam.
Dalam pembuatan kalimat simple past tense tidak terlalu sulit. Berikut ini
rumusnya:
Positif
: Subjek + V2 (past form)
Negatif
: Subjek + Did not + V1 (base form/kata kerja dasar)
Pertanyaan : Did + Subjek + V1 (base form/kata kerja dasar) + ?
Kataa kerja yang digunakan dalam simple past tense adalah kata kerja
bentuk ke 2, bisa regular dan irregular verbs
Berikut ini contoh kata kerja regular dan irregular:
Regular
V1 (base)
V2 (past)
V3 (past participle)
play
played
played
live
lived
lived
study
studied
studied
watch
watched
watched

Irregular
V1 (base)
go
take
get
buy

V2 (past)
went
took
got
bought

V3 (past participle)
gone
taken
got/gotten
bought

Untuk melihat daftar kata kerja irregular, teman

teman-temanpun bisa langsung
baca di dalam kamus yang teman
teman-teman miliki di rumah.
Perlu diingat bahwa sesuai rumus yang saya cantumkan di atas, dalam
simple past tense, kata kerja ke
ke-2 hanya digunakan dalam kalimat positif
saja, jika dalam bentuk negatif dan pertannyaan kata kerja ke
ke-2 tersebut
haruslah dirubah menjadi kata kerja bentuk pertama.
Berikut ini contoh-contoh
contoh kalimat dalam simple past tense:
Positif
I Went to school yesterday.
My mother bought a new car last month.
Roni got up early last Sunday.
The boy played games in this room 5 minutes ago.
Negatif
I did not go to school yesterday.
My mother did not buy a new car last month.
Roni did not get up early last Sunday.
The boy did not play games in this room 5 minutes ago.

Note: Dalam kata kerja regular, perubahan bentuknya tinggal

menambahkan d/ed saja. Untuk contoh kata kerja regular lainnya teman
temanteman bisa langsung melihat di dalam kamus yang teman-teman
teman
miliki.

Pertanyaan
Did you go to school yesterday? Yes, I did/No, I did not
Did your mother buy a new car last month? Yes, she did/No, She did not
Did Roni get up early last Sunday? Yes, he did/No, He did not
Did the boy play games in this room 5 minutes ago? Yes, he did/ No, he
did not

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Exercise 1:
Where did you go yesterday? I went to school yesterday.
What did your mother buy last month? She bought a new car last month.
What did the boy play in this room 5 minutes ago? He played games 5
minutes ago.
Note: Dalam kalimat simple past tense, kata bantu yang dipakai adalah
"did" dan ini berlaku untuk semua subjek. Berbeda dengan simple
present tense yang memakai "do" dan "does" tergantung subjek pada
kalimat. Jadi simple past tense ini lebih mudah dan tidak terlalu
membingungkan. Hanya saja kita harus mengetahui bentuk kedua dari
setiap kata kerja yang kita gunakan.
Kata keterangan/adverbs yang biasa dipakai dalam simple past tense
Yesterday
= kemarin
... ago
= ... yang lalu
last Tuesday = Selasa lalu, dll
last month
= bulan lalu
last year
= tahun lalu
today
= hari ini
Dalam kalimat simple past tense pun terkadang tidak memakai kata
keterangan, akan tetapi walau tidak ada kata keterangan pada kalimat
tersebut, kita sudah bisa memahami bahwa peristiwa/kejadian tersebut
terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:
I got up late.
She did not take a bath.

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Berikut ini adalah soal latihan tentang simple past tense.

Contoh:
Jim always goes to work by car. Yesterday he went to work by car.
1. Rachel often loses her keys. She ________________ last week.
2. Kate meets her friends every evening. She __________ yesterday
yester
evening.
3. I usually buy two newspaper every day. Yesterday I __________.
__________
4. We usually go to the cinema on Sundays. Last week we
_____________.
5. I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I __
__________.
6. Tom always has a shower in the morning. This morning he
___________.
7. Our friends come to see us every Friday. They ________ last Friday.

Exercise 2 :
Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat
kalimat di bawah ini dengan menggunakan simple past
tense dalam bentuk negatif!
Contoh:
I saw John but I didn't see Jane.
1. They worked on Monday but they ________ on Sunday.
2. We went to the post office but we ______ to the bank.
3. She had a pen but she ______ a pencil.
4. Jack bought a book but he ______a ruler
5. Alex sang Dangdut songs but he ______ Keroncong.
6. They read newspapers but they ________ magazines.
7. My mother played badminton but she ____
________ tennis.
8. I drank tea but I ______ juice.
9. Tony wrote a poem but he ________ a story.
10. You washed the car but you _______ the bicycle.

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2. Was and Were

Pada materi sebelumnya telah dibahas mengenai simple past tense
dalam bentuk verbal sentence sekarang kita akan membahas simple
past tense yang memakai "was dan were" atau dengan kata lain dalam
bentuk nominal sentence. Jika dalam simple present tense kita mengenal
adanya is, am, are maka dalam simple past tense kita mengenal adanya
"was dan were". Saya yakin semua sudah pada mengetahui bahwa dalam
simple past tense kita menggunakan verb bentuk ke 2, dan bentuk kedua
dari is, am, are adalah was dan were.
is, am --------------- was
are
--------------- were
Contoh:
Simple present tense
I am a student.
She is clever.
Toni is in the bedroom.

Simple past tense

I was a student.
She was clever.
Toni was in the bedroom 2 hours ago.

Perhatikan contoh di atas, jika kita mengatakan "I am a student" berarti

sekarang ini si subjek memang seorang pelajar, jika kalimat "I was a
student" berarti sekarang si subjek bukan seorang
rang pelajar lagi dengan
kata lain si subjek mengatakan bahwa pada masa lampau ia adalah
seorang pelajar.
"Toni is in the bedroom" berarti sekarang ini memang Toni sedang
berada di kamar. "Toni was in the bedroom 2 hours ago" berarti dua jam
yang lalu Tonii ada di kamar sekarang dan sekarang tidak lagi.
I
you/we/they
she/he/it
Toni
Shinta

--------------------------

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Toni and Shinta

The boy
The boys
The student
The students

--------------------------

were
was
were
was
were

Contoh kalimat
Positif
I was a doctor in 1995.
She was sick yesterday.
They were late.
Toni was happy.
Toni and Shinta were happy.
Negatif
I was not a doctor in 1995.
She was not sick yesterday.
They were not late.
Toni was not happy.
Toni and shinta were not happy.
Pertanyaan
Were you a doctor in 1995?
Was she sick yesterday?
Were they late?
Was Toni happy?
Were Toni and Shinta happy?
Where were you yesterday?
What was she 2 years ago?

Yes, I was/No, I was not

Yes, She was/ No, she was not
Yes, They were/ No, they were not.
Yes, he was/ No, he was not
Yes, they were/ No, they were not
I was at home.
She was a doctor.

was
were
was
was
was

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3. Simple Future Tense

teman mungkin sudah tidak asing lagi dengan istilah simple future
Teman-teman
tense. Ini adalah salah satu tenses dalam bahasa Inggris. Kapanka
Kapankah kita
menggunakan simple future tense?
1. No plan
Kita menggunakan simple future tense ketika kegiatan yang akan kita
lakukan tersebut tidak kita rencanakan sebelumnya dengan kata lain kita
memutuskan akan melakukan suatu kegiatan itu secara spontan tan
tanpa
ada rencana sebelumnya.
Contoh:
Wait! Ill buy some drinks.
Maybe Well stay at home and watch TV tonight.
Kata think juga sering digunakan dalam simple future tense.
Contoh:
I think I will go home.
I dont think I will buy a car.
I think I will have a holiday next year.
2. Prediction
Kita juga bisa menggunakan simple future tense untuk memprediksikan
sesuatu dan kita hanya mengatakan apa yang ada dipikiran kita mengenai
sesuatu yang akan terjadi. Biasanya tanpa memiliki bukti atauhal
atauhal-hal yang
bisa mendukung prediksi kita itu akan benar-benar
benar terjadi.
Contoh:
It will rain tomorrow.
st
People wont go to Jupiter before 21 century.
Cara membuat kalimat simple future tense
Dalam pembuatan kalimat dengan bentuk simple future tense kita
menggunakan modal auxiliary will dan shall yang mempunyai arti
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Will bisa dipasangkan dengan semua jenis subjek (I, you, we, they, she,
he, it) sedangkan shall hanya boleh dipasangkan
dipasangka denga subjek I dan we
saja. Perlu selalu diingat bahwa kata kerja yang dimasukan setelah
will/shall adalah V1
I
You
We
They
She
He
It

-------------------------------------------

will/shall
will
will/shall
will
will
will
will

Rumus:
Positif
: Subjek + will + V1
Contoh Kalimat
I will sleep. = Saya akan tidur.
They will work. = Mereka akan bekerja.
Rina will eat before me. = Rina akan makan sebelum saya.
Negatif
: Subjek + Will not/wont + V1
Contoh:
I wont sleep.
They wont work.
Rina wont eat before me.
Pertanyaan : Will/shall + Subjek + V1
Contoh;
Will you sleep? Yes, I will/No, I will not/No, I wont
Will they work? Yes, They will/No, They will not.
Will Rina ear before me? Yes, She will/ No, She will not.

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Contraction

4. Past Future Tense

I will/shall

= Ill

You will

= Youll

We will/shall

= Well

They will

= Theyll

She will

= Shell

He will

= Hell

It will

= Itll

Pada materi sebelumnya kita sudah membahas simple future tense,

sekarang kita membahas past future tense. Past future tense sesuai
dengan namanya "past" berarti berkaitan dengan masa lampau
lampau. Past
future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dikerjakan
tetapi pada masa lampau.

Simple future tense dengan menggunakan be

Kita bisa membuat kalimat simple future tense dalam bentuk nominal
atau dengan menggunakan be. Caranya gampang sekali, tinggal

Ilustrasi
:
"Kemarin Toni ingin mengajak saja pergi nonton, akan tetapi tidak jadi
karena pada saat itu saya akan pergi menemani ibu saya belanja."
Kalimat di atas menceritakan kejadian di masa lampau, yaitu "kemarin".
Pada kejadian masa lampau di atas ada kalimat "saya akan pergi
menemani ibu saya belanja" nah...ini adalah past future tense. Semoga
bisa dipahaminya makna dari past future tense.

meletakkan be setelah will/shall.

Pada simple future tense,, kita menggunakan "will dan shall". Pada past
future tense kata "will" diganti menjadi "would" dan "shall" diganti
menjadi "should".

Contoh:
I will be late.

Rumus
Positif
= Subjek + would/should + V1
Negatif
= Subjek + would/should + not + V1
Pertanyaan = Would/should + Subjek + V1 + ?

(saya akan terlambat)

Will you be at home tomorrow?
(Akankah kamu ada dirumah besok?)
Shell be in Jakarta tomorrow.

Contoh kalimat
+ : I would buy a new car.
- : I Would not buy a new car.
? : Would you buy a new car? yes, I would/ No, I would not

Dia akan ke Jakarta besok

+ :
- :
? :

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She would come to his house.

She would not come to his house
Would she come to his house? yes, she would/no, she would not

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5. What is Present Perfect Tense?

Present perfect tense adalah salah satu tense yang sangat penting dalam
bahasa Inggris dan present perfect tense adalah salah satu tenses yang
sangat simple dalam hal struktur atau formasi kalimatnya. Akan tetapi
kebanyakan orang masih bingung tentang kapan
n kita bisa menggunakan
present perfect tense.
Present perfect tense digunakan untuk:
Menyatakan kegiatan yang dilakukan di masa lampau akan tetapi
sampai saat ini kita masih melakukannya.
Contoh:
I have lived in Jambi since 1980. = Saya sudah tinggal di Jambi sejak 1980.
He has slept for 2 hours
= Dia sudah tidur selama dua jam.
Pada contoh kalimat I have lived in Jambi since 1980 menyatakan
bahwa si subjek mulai tinggal di Jambi sejak tahun 1980, dan sampai saat
ini si subjek masih tinggal di Jambi.
mbi. Inilah yang dimaksud dengan Mulai
dikerjakan pada masa lampau dan sampai saat ini masih
dilakukan/dikerjakan aktifitasnya.
Pada contoh He has slept for 2 hours menyatakan bahwa subjek mulai
tidur dua jam yang lalu, dan pada saat kalimat ini dinya
dinyatakan subjek pun
masih tidur.
Contoh lain:
I have been a lawyer since 1998.
Kalimat ini menyatakan bahwa subjek sudah menjadi pengacara sejak
tahun 1998 dan sampai saat inipun subjek masih seorang pengacara.
Simple present tense untuk fungsi yang ke dua ini biasanya sering
menggunakan kata since atau for.

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Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang dikerjakan pada masa lampau dan

sudah selesai atau tidak dikerjakan lagi akan tetapi masih memiliki efek
pada masa sekarang atau present.
Contoh:
I have eaten. = Saya
ya sudah makan
Pada kalimat ini, subjek sudah selesai makan akan tetapi subjek masih
merasakan efek dari kegiatannya eaten/makan yaitu merasa kenyang.
Pola kalimat
Pola kalimat present perfect tense ini sangat simple. Menggunakan
have/has yang mempunyai arti sudah kemudian memakai kata kerja
bentuk ke tiga/V3/past participle
Positif/affirmative
I/you/we/they + have + V3
She/he/it + has + V3
John + has + v3
Shinta + has + V3
John and Shinta + have + V3
Contoh :

I have written short stories since 1996.

They have ever made brownies.
Cyntia has never played soccer.
My mother has lived in America since 2010.

Negatif
Subjek + have/has + not + past participle/v3
Contoh : I havent eaten.
She has not slept.
They havent got up.
Note : Perlu diketahui bahwa dalam kalimat negatif, kata has
not/hasnt dan have not/havent mempunyai arti belum.

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Pertanyaan
Have/has + Subjek + V3/past participle + ?
Contoh:
Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Yes, I have/No, I have not
Has your mother got up? Yes, she has/ No, she has not.
Have the students done their homework? Yes, they have/No, they have
not.
What have you eaten? I have eaten watermelon
How long has your mother slept? She has slept for 4 hours.
How long have they lived in Jambi? They have lived in Jambi for 10 years.
Been
Dalam simple present tense kita mengenal adanya is, am, dan are.
Dalam simple past tense kita mengenal adanya was dan were. Pada
present perfect tense kita mengenal adanya been.
Been adalah bentuk ke 3/past participle dari
ari is, am, are.
Verb 1
Is, am
Are

Verb 2
was
were

Verb 3
been
been

Contoh kalimat:
I am a teacher.
(simple present tense)
I was a teacher.
(simple past tense)
I have been a teacher since 1995. (present perfect tense).

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Exercise :
Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat
kalimat di bawah ini dengan menggunakan present
perfect tense dan gunakanlah kata kerja yang telah disediakan dengan
tepat. Good Luck.
break buy decide finish forget go go invite see not/see
take tell
Example:
Can I have this newspaper? Yes, I _______ with it.
Jawaban: Can I have this newspaper? Yes, I have finished with it.

1.

I _________somee new shoes. Do you want to see them.

2.

Where is Liz? She ______________out.

3.

I'm looking for John. ______ you _____ him?

4.

Does Siti know that you're going away? Yes, I ________ her.

5.

Look! Somebody _______ that window.

6.

I know that woman butt I _______ her name.

7.

Where are my glasses? I don't know. I _________ them.

8.

Rina is having a party tonight. She ______ a lot of people.

9.

What are you going to do? ________ you _________ ?

10. I can't find my umbrella. Somebody __________it.

11. I'm Looking for Sarah. Where _______ she ________?

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I have lived in Jambi since 1990.

6. Since, For, Already and Yet in Present Perfect Tense

For
Berikut ini penjelasan mengenai since, for, yet dan already yang sering

Dalam Present perfect tense for digunakan untuk menjelaskan periode

kita pakai dalam present perfect tense:

waktu suatu kegiatan itu dilakukan dengan kata lain berapa lama
kegiatan itu telah terjadi. Misalnya: for 2 hours, for 10 minutes.

Already

Contoh:

Dalam present perfect tense, already mempunyai makna bahwa sesuatu

Tono has slept for 2 hours.

itu terjadi lebih awal dari yang kita harapkan. Kata already diletakkan
setelah has/have dan sebelum kata kerja utama.
Contoh:

Exercise :
1. Ane has been arrived in Jambi ____ Sunday.

Weve already had our breakfast.

2. Ane has been in Jambi _____ 4 days.

Do you want a cup of tea? No, thanks. Ive already had one.

3. My sister has lived in Jambi ______ 10 years.

4. I have been in Jamtos _____ 10 o'clock.

Yet

5. The bus is late. We've been waiting _____ 20 minutes.

Dalam present perfect tense, yet mepunyai makna sesuatu itu telah
terjadi dan bisa juga belum terjadi.

6. He has been ill ____ a long time.

7. They have slept in the room ____ 30 minutes.

Contoh:
Has John arrived yet?
Have you done your homework? Not, Yet.

Since
Since adalah kata keterangan yang sering dipakai dalam present perfect
tense. Dalam bahasa Indonesia mempunyai arti sejak/semenjak/dari/.
Pada present perfect tense, kata since digunakan untuk menjelaskan
kapan suatu kegiatan itu dimulai.
Contoh:

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7. Be Going To VS Simple Future Tense

Sebelumnya kita telah membahas mengenai simple future tense.
Sekarang kita akan membahas mengenai be going to
to. Banyak orang yang
bingung mengenai penggunaan be going to,, hal ini dikarenakan be going
to bisa bermakna future dan tentunya hampir mirip dengan
de
simple future
tense. Agar tidak membingungkan, perhatikan tabel di bawah ini yang
berisikan tentang perbedaan mengenai be going to dan simple future
tense

1.

2.

Simple Future Tense

Peristiwa yang akan kita
kerjakan tanpa perencanaan
sebelumnya dengan kata lain
secara spontan
Untuk memprediksikan
sesuatu akan tetapi tanpa
observasi terlebih dahulu
atau tanpa ada hal-hal atau
bukti yang mendukung
prediksi kita itu benar-benar
akan terjadi

1.

2.

be going to
Perisitwa yang akan
dikerjakan telah
direncanaka sebelumnya .
direncanakan
Untuk memprediksikan
sesuatu dengan adanya
obserfasi atau hal-hal
hal
yang
mendukung bahwa prediksi
kita itu akan benar-benar
benar
terjadi.

Perhatikan gambar di bawah ini;

Contoh Kalimat
Positif
I am going to come to your house.

You are going to come to my

house.
They are going to come to my
house.
We are going to come to your
house.
She is going to come to my house.

He is going to come to my house.

It is going to come to my house.

Pertanyaan
Are you going to come to my
house?
Are they going to come to my
house?
Is she going to come to my
house?
Are we going to come to his
house?
Is he going to come to my house?
Is it going to come to my house?

Negatif
I am not going to come to your
house.
You are not going to come to my
house.
They are not going to come to my
house.
We are not going to come to your
house.
She is not going to come to my
house.
He is not going to come to my house.
It is not going to come to my house.
Answer
Yes, I am/No, I am not

Yes, they are/ No, they are not

Yes, she is/No, she is not

Yes, we are/ No, we are not

Yes, he is/ No, he is not

Yes, it is/ No, it is not

She is going to have a baby.

+ : Subjek + is/am/are + going to + V1
- : Subjek + is/am/are + not + going to + V1
? : is/am/are + Subjek + going to + V1
Pada gambar di atas, kita ketahui bahwa wanita itu sedang hamil. Oleh
karena itu bila kita ingin mengatakan bahwa "wanita itu akan me
mempunyai
seorang bayi." kalimatnya harus menggunakan "be going to" tidak boleh
memakai "will", "she is going to have a baby".

Contoh lain:
What are you going to do? Im going to eat.
Where is she going to go? Shes going to the hospital.
What time are they going to have lunch? Theyre going to have lunch at 12

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8. What Is Past Continuous Tense?

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk kegiatan yang terjadi dalam
sebuah periode waktu. Untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikan penjelasan di
bawah ini:
1. Kita bisa menggunakan past continuous tense untuk menyatakan
suatu kegiatan yang sedang terjadi dimasa lampau dan pada saat
kejadian itu terjadi ada kejadian/kegiatan lain yang menyela,
memutus atau menginterupsi kejadian yang sedang terjadi tersebut.
Kejadian yang sedang terjadi tersebut adalah dalam bentuk past
continuous tense dan merupakan aktifitas yang lebih lama atau
longer action. Peristiwa yang menyela atau memutus kejadian utama
(past continuous tense) dibuat dalam bentuk simple past tense
tense.

Contoh:
I was watching TV when she called.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Note: Pengetahuan anda tentang simple past tense sangatlah diperlukan.
2. Past continuous tense juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan dua
kegiatan atau lebih yang terjadi secara pararel dan terjadi pada
waktu yang sama.

Pada contoh while he was making dinner, I was studying terdapat dua
kegiatan yang terjadi secara bersamaan, yaitu making dinner dan
studying. Begitu juga pada contoh
contoh-contoh lainnya.
Untuk membuat kalimat past continuous tense kita menggunakan bentuk
ke 2 dari is, am, dan are yaitu;
Is, am ------- was
Are
------- were
Setelah was/ were kita masukan verb + ing.
Contoh:

I was walking while she was running.

She was eating when I called.

While they were talking
talking, the man took their picture.
Untuk membuat kalimat negative, teman-teman
teman
bisa menambahkan
not setelah was/were.
When VS. While
Dalam past continuous tense kita sering memakai when/while. Jika kita
memakai when maka kalimat yang kita letakkan sesudah when adalah
dalam bentuk simple past tense. Jika kita memakai while maka kalimat
yang kita letakkan adalah dalam bentuk past continuous tense.
Contoh:
When
She was talking when I took her picture.
When they came,, I was sleeping.
Note: Jika kita meletakkan when pada awal kalimat seperti pada contoh
ke dua di atas, maka jangan lupa meletakkan koma (,).

Contoh:
While he was making dinner, I was studying.
You were listening to music while he was talking.
Ellen was reading while John watching TV.

While
I called my mother while she was watching TV
TV.
While my mother was watching TV
TV, I called her.

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Exercise :

9. The Correct Adjectives Order

Di bawah ini ada sebuah gambar. Silahkan lihat gambar tersebut jawab
pertanyaan-pertanyaan di bawah ini!
1. What are Victor and Oleg doing?
2. What is Sara doing?
3. Is Luis eating?

Terkadang dalam bahasa Inggris kita sering membuat kalimat dengan

menggunakan lebih dari satu kata sifat. Dalam hal ini kita haruslah
mengetahui urutan-urutan
urutan kata sifat tersebut, yang mana yang harus
lebih dulu dan yang mana yang terakhir.
Contoh:
I have short black hair.
She has a big blue house.

4. What are Carla and Lucia doing?

Agar kita tidak bingung dalam menyusun adjectives tersebut, perhatikan
aturan di bawah ini.
Determiner Opini Ukuran Usia Bentuk Warna Asal-usul
Material - Purpose + Noun (kata benda)

5. Is Lucia playing with Carla?

6. What is Aida doing?

Opini/opinion
ini menjelaskan opini kita tentang sesuatu benda. Misaln
Misalnya: beautiful,
silly, horrible, handsome.
Size/ukuran
ini menjelaskan ukuran dari benda itu, misalnya: big, small, little, large,
tiny,dll.
Age/umur/usia
ini adalah umur atau usia benda tersebut. misalnya: old, new, young,
ancient.
Shape/bentuk
ini menjelaskan bentuk benda tersebut. misalnya: square, circle, fl
flat,
round, dll.
Color/warna
ini menjelaskan warna benda tersebut.
Origin/asal usul
ini untuk menjelaskna asal ususl bend tersebut, misalnya: lunar,
Indonesian, American,dll

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Material
ini menjelaskan material atau bahan buatan benda tersebut. misalnya;
wooden, metal, cotton,dll.
Purpose
untuk menjelaskan tujuan benda itu atau mamfaat benda itu. misalnya:
sleeping (mislanya pada : sleeping bag)
Contoh:
a silly young English man
black straight hair
a
= determiner
black
= color
silly
= opinion
straight = shape
young = age
hair
= noun
English = origin
man
= noun
Aturan di atas adalah aturan yang biasa dipakai, dan tentu dengan
mengikuti aturan di atas, susunan adjective yang kita buat akan menjadi
benar. Disamping itu perlu diketahui bahwa urutan
urutan-urutan adjective
tidaklah tetap, dan aturan di atas adalah aturan yang umum yang biasa
dipakai seperti yang telah saya katakan sebelumnya.
Determiner adalah kata seperti a, an, the, this, that. Kata-kata ini juga
merupakan jenis adjective.
Contoh:
a beautiful, purple doll
a small, square table
Adjective yang merupakan opini ditempatkan sebelum adjective yang
merupakan fakta. Contoh:
A long, dark tunnel atau A long dark tunnel keduanya dapat
dipakai.
Dengan dua atau lebih adjective warna, digunakan and
and. Contoh:
Shes got a black and white kitten.
Dua adjective selain warna tidak menggunakan and.. Contoh:
Shes got a little, black kitten.
Kalimat Shes got a little and black kitten tidak benar.

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10. Adjectives dengan -ed dan -ing

Adjective ada yang menggunakan ing dan juga ed. Pembahasan kali ini
kita akan membahas mengenai adjective dengan ing dan juga ed.
Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:
I am interested in English.
Pada contoh di atas terdapat kata sifat, yaitu interested. Apabila adjective
dengan ed
ed maka adjective tersebut menunjukan perasaan si subjek
terhadap sesuatu. Pada contoh I am intereseted in English menunjukan
bahwa subjek I merasa tertarik kepada bahasa Inggris.
Contoh lain:
I am bored
Pada kalimat ini terdapat adjective bored yang berarti bahwa si subjek I
merasa bosan terhadap sesuatu hal.
Jika adjective yang berakhiran ing menunjukan perasaan yang
dihasilkan oleh sesuatu.. Masih bingung? Sekarang perhatikan contoh di
bawah ini:
I am interesting.
I am boring.
Jika kalimatnya I am interested
interested berarti bahwa si subjek merasa tertarik
terhadap
dap sesuatu, sedangkan jika kalimatnya I am interesting berarti
bahwa si subjek yang menarik. Pada kalimat I am bored berarti bahwa
si subjek merasa bosan terhadap sesuatu hal, sedangkan jika kalimatnya
I am boring berarti si subjek itulah yang me
membosankan. Jika kita ingin
mengatakan atau mengutarakan perasaan kita bahwa kita merasa bosan
terhadap sesuatu harus menggunakan bored bukan boring. Karena
maknanya berbeda. Jika I am bored berarti kita yang merasa bosan
terhadap sesuatu. Jika I am boring berarti kitalah yang membosankan.

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Begitu juga dangan I am interested berarti saya yang tertarik, jika I am

interesting mempunyai makna bahwa saya ini menarik.
Semoga penjelasan adjective dengan ed dan ing
ing di atas bisa dipahami.
Di bawah ini adalah sedikit contoh kata sifat dengan ed dan juga ing
dan juga bentuk verb/kata kerjanya dan juga noun/kata benda dari kata
tersebut.
Verb
Amaze
Amuse
Challenge
Entertain
Excite
Exhaust
Flatter
Relax
Satisfy
Surprise
Tempt
Bore
Annoy
Confuse
Disappoint
Disturb
Frighten

Adjective: -ed
Amazed
Amused
Challenged
Entertained
Excited
Exhausted
Flattered
Relaxed
Satisfied
Surprised
Tempted
Bored
Annoyed
Confused
Disappointed
Disturbed
Frightened

Adjective: -ing
ing
Amazing
Amusing
Challenging
Entertaining
Exciting
Exhausting
Flattering
Relaxing
Satisfying
Surprising
Tempting
Boring
Annoying
Confusing
Disappointing
Disturbing
Frightening

Noun
Amazement
Amusement
A challenge
Entertainment
Excitement
Exhaustion
Flattery
Relaxation
Satisfaction
Surprise
Temptation
Boredom
Annoyance
Confusion
Disappointment
disturbance
Fright

11. Penggunaan Modal Auxiliary

Hal-hal
hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penggunaan modal auxiliary;
1. Dalam sebuah kalimat tidak boleh ada dua buah modal auxiliary.
Kalau Anda dihadapkan dengan 2 buah modal (Dalam bahasa
Indonesia, misalnya, "saya
saya harus bisa ..." maka modal yang kedua,
harus diubah ke bentuk lain yang mempunyai arti yang sama.
2. Kata Kerja sesudah modal auxiliary harus bentuk pertama.
3. Modal akan selalu sama bentuknya dan tidak berubah apapun
subjeknya. Misalnya can yang bisa digunakan untuk semua subjek
dan tidak berubah apapun subjeknya.
Sekarang perhatikan penjelasan beberapa modal auxiliary di bawah ini:
CAN
Dipakai untuk menyatakan:
1. Kesanggupan
gupan atau kemahiran seseorang.
Contoh:

Tono can play the guitar well.

She can speak English.
2. Minta izin.
Contoh:

Can she watch TV in this room?

Can I visit your sister?
3. Kemungkinan.
Contoh:

He can be sick. (mun
mungkin dia sakit).
COULD
Adalah bentuk Past Tense dari CAN dan bentuknya sama untuk semua
subyek. Namun dalam penggunaannya tidak selamanya berarti past time
(masa lalu).

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COULD dipakai untuk menyatakan:

1 Bentuk lampau dari Can.
Contoh:

Mary could swim when she was young.

2. Anjuran (Artinya "sebaiknya").

Contoh:

You are sick; you should go to the hospital soon.

She is hungry. she should eat

2. Permintaan dengan sopan.

Contoh:

Could you help me now?

Could you give me money?

3. Keharusan
Dalam hal ini SHOULD
D sama artinya dengan Ought to.
Contoh:

You should (ought to) do your homework every day.

He should (ought to) study hard.

3. Kemungkinan.
Contoh:

He could be the 1st winner.
SHALL
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Artinya "akan" dalam bentuk Future Tense.
Contoh:

We shall go to Jakarta next week.
2. Menawarkan Bantuan.
Contoh:

Shall I help you?

Shall I do your homework?
3. Janji.
Contoh:

I shall meet you tomorrow.
SHOULD
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Bentuk lampau dari shall.
Contoh:

When you borrow my book, you should read it.

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4. Dalam bentuk lampaunya berarti menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang

seharusnya dikerjakan tetapi kenyataannya tidak dikerjakan. Atau
dapat juga berarti
rarti penyesalan dimasa lampau.
Contoh:

John should (ought to) have done his homework.
(Dalam kenyataannya John tidak mengerjakan PR - he did not do
homework).
WILL
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Artinya "akan"" dalam bentuk Future Simple Tense,
Contoh:

I will buy a new car next week.

She will eat.
n dengan sopan atau menawarkan.
2. Permintaan
Contoh:

Will you give this book to her?

Will you go swimming with me?
WOULD
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Bentuk lampau dari Will yang berarti "akan".
Contoh:

She knows that it would be pleasant in Jambi.

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2. Suatu permohonan/permintaan dengan sopan.

Contoh:

Would you help me, please?

Would you mind singing a song for me?
3. Jika digabung dengan kata LIKE menunjukkan hasrat atau keinginan
Contoh:

I would like to eat.

Would you like to have lunch in the restaurant?
4. Digabung dengan kata "rather" menunjukkan
ukkan arti Lebih suka (prefer).
Contoh:

I would rather be a doctor than a president.

I would rather have stayed home than went to the movies.
MAY
Kata kerja bantu yang berarti "boleh/mungkin" yangg digunakan untuk
menyatakan:
1. Permohonan izin.
Contoh:

May I drink now? No, you may not.
2. Permohonan atau harapan.
Contoh:

May you both the happy.

May God bless you.
MIGHT
Bentuk lampau (past tense) dari MAY, namun pemakaiannya juga dapat
untuk masa kini atau masa yang akan datang.
Contoh:

I told him that he might go home.
(Saya
Saya beritahukan kepadanya bahwa ia boleh pulang).
pulang

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MUST
Kata kerja bantu yang berarti harus atau wajib, digunakan untuk
menyatakan:
1. Keharusan/mesti.
Contoh:

You must go now.

I must sleep now.
2. Dalam kalimat menyangkal (negatif) dan membuat jawaban dari
kalimat tanya, selalu digunakan NEED NOT atau N
Needn't bukan musn't
(must not).
Contoh:

Must I go now? Yes, you must./ yes, you need.

Must she pay it? No, sshe needn't.

You needn't go now. ((Anda tidak perlu pergi sekarang) bukan
musn't.

She need not come here.
3. Must not (musn't) menunjukkan (bera
(berarti) larangan atau tidak boleh.
Contoh:

You must not play in the class. (Anda
(
dilarang bermain di dalam
kelas).

Susan mustn't swim alone. ((Susan tidak boleh (dilarang)
berenang sendirian).
sendirian
4. Must = Have to (she/he has to) berarti harus.
Contoh:

You must (have to) bring this pen.
(Anda
Anda harus membawa pena in
ini).

She must (has to) study today.
(Dia harus belajar hari ini
ini).
5. Must tidak mempunyai bentuk Past Tense. Bentuk lampau yang berarti
"harus/mesti" adalah HAD TO, dan bentuknya
be
sama untuk semua obyek.
Contoh:

I had to buy a new book yesterday.
(Saya
Saya kemarin harus membeli sebuah buku baru).
baru

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OUGHT TO = SHOULD
1. Kata kerja bantu yang artinya
inya sebaiknya atau seharusnya.
Contoh:

She ought to be here now.

Ought she to come here again?
2. Menyatakan tugas/pekerjaan yang tidak terselesaikan/terpenuhi atau
terabaikan. Biasanya dalam bentuk Perfect Infinitives
es
Contoh:

The work ought to have been finished last week.
(Pekerjaan
Pekerjaan itu seharusnya sudah diselesaikan pekan lalu
lalu).
NEED
Need artinya "Perlu" dan digunakan sebagai:
ri pertanyaan yang
1. Untuk membuat kalimat negatif dan jawaban dari
memakai MUST
Contoh:

I must go now. (Positif).

I needn't go now. (Negatif). bukan: I mustn't go n
now, karena
kalimat ini berarti Saya dilarang pergi sekarang
sekarang.

Must I go now? No, you needn't atau Yes, you must.

DARE
Artinya "berani" dan digunakan sebagai:
1. Kata kerja bantu
Contoh:
1. He dare go there alone.
2. Dare he swim alone?
3. I dare not climb the tree.
Catatan:
"DARE" jika berfungsi sebagai Kata Kerja Bantu tidak memakai "S" untuk
orang ketiga tunggal, jadi untuk kalimat nomor I, bukan: She
She/He dares.
2. Kata kerja biasa
Kalau DARE berfungsi sebagai kata kerja biasa, maka pemakaiannya sama
seperti kata kerja biasa lainnya, yaitu dalam kalimat tanya dan negatif
menggunakan auxiliary
xiliary verb. Do/Does atau Did.
Contoh:
1. She doesn't dare to go there al
alone.
2. Does he dare to come here again?
3. I don't dare to climb the tree.

2. Sebagai kata kerja biasa yang berarti "perlu" dan mengala

mengalami
perubahan bentuk.
1. Need, needs (Present Tense)
2. Needed
(Past Tense).
Dalam hal ini, bentuk interrogative dan negative-nya
nya dibuat dengan
auxiliary verb "do/does" untuk present tense, dan dengan "did" untuk
past tense, sebagaimana umumnya kata kerja biasa.
Contoh:

We need some milk.

We don't need any milk.

Do we need any milk?

Tini doesn't need much money.

Did Anton need to meet with you?

Anton didnt need to go with you.

Anton needs to go with you.

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12. Kalimat Pasif : Simple Present Tense

Definisi Kalimat Pasif
Kalimat Pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan atau
dikenai perbuatan.
Ciri-ciri :
1. Subjeknya sebagai penderita.
2. Arti dari kata kerjanya berawalan di-, ter-,, atau ,ter
,ter-kan.
3. Kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Inggris selalu
alu memakai kata kerja bentuk
ke-3/past participle.
Untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:
Aktif : Siti Zuleha reads a biology book.
(Siti Juleha membaca sebuah buku biologi)
Pasif : A biology book is read by Siti Zuleha.
(Sebuah buku biologi dibaca oleh Siti Zuleha)
Aktif : Rita writes a story.
(Rita menulis sebuah cerita.)
Pasif : A story is written by Rita
(Sebuah cerita ditulis oleh Rita.)
Dari contoh-contoh
contoh di atas, kita bisa melihat perubahan dari kalimat akti
aktif
ke pasif. Pada kalimat aktif, si subjek yang melakukan pekerjaan atau
perbuatan, sedangkan pada kalimat pasif si subjek yang dikenai pekerjaan
atau perbuatan.
Sebenarnya pada kalimat pasif yang ditekankan adalah pekerjaannya
atau perbuatannya/verbnya, dan tidak terlalu penting siapa atau apa
yang melakukan perkejaan itu. Oleh karena itu kita tidak harus selalu
memakai kata by/oleh dalam kalimat pasif.

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Contoh:
My car was stolen. (Mobil saya dicuri.)
Pada contoh di atas, tidak terdapat kata by dan kalimat pasif tersebut
juga benar.
Passive Voice: Simple Present Tense
Kalimat pasif dalam simple present tense tidaklah terlalu sulit. Jika kita
ingin membuat kalimat pasif dalam simple present tense, kita
memerlukan is, am, are.. Berikut ini rumus untuk membuat kalimat pasif
dalam simple present tense:
Positif
: Subjek + is/am/are + past participle/V3
Negatif
: Subjek + is/am/are + Not + Past Participle
Pertanyaan : is/am/are + Subjek + Past Participle
Contoh:
Aktif : They borrow the bo
book.
They don't borrow the book.
Do they borrow the book?
Pasif : The book is borrowed by them.
The book is not borrowed by them.
Is the book borrowed
orrowed by them?
Aktif : She repairs this blue car.
She does not repair this blue car.
Does she repair this blue car?
Pasif : This blue car is repaired by her.
This blue car is not repaired by her.
Is the blue car repaired by her?
Catatan:
Perhatikan kata-kata
kata yang saya cetak tebal pada contoh
contoh-contoh di atas!
Kata yang saya cetak tebal pada kalimat aktif tersebut adalah subjek
pronoun. Jika anda ingin merubah menjadi kalimat pasif dan anda ingin
memasukan by maka ganti
gantilah menjadi object pronoun.

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Exercise I :

Exercise III :

Contoh:
The document/print
Jawab: The document is printed.
1. The window / open
2. My car / wash
3. The book / not / read
4. The juice / not / drink
5. The food / not/ eat
6. The TV / watch / ?
7. The tofu / fry / ?

Example:
The documents / send
Answer:: The documents are sent.

Exercise II :
Rubahlah kalimat-kalimat
kalimat aktif di bawah ini menjadi kalimat pasif

1. The car / wash

2. The letter / send
3. The floor / sweep
4. the doors / not / close
5. The book / not / read
6. the house / not / clean
7. the songs / sing / ?
8. the pizza / eat / ?
9. the litter / throw away
10. the windows / not / open

1.

Toni sings the song.

2.

They eat the food.

3.

Siti Zuleha washes the dishes every day.

4.

I buy a new pen.

5.

John studies English every day.

1.

She eats the cake

6.

I draw a picture.

2.

My father buys a car.

7.

She does not write the story.

3.

Tono reads the books.

8.

Does your mother cook the food?

4.

My mother cooks the food.

9.

Do they sing the song?

5.

I sent the documents.

6.

He writes the English poem.

7.

They help me.

8.

I call her.

9.

She borrows the book everyday.

Exercise IV :
Rubahlah kalimat-kalimat
kalimat di bawah ini kedalam kalimat pasif dalam
bentuk simple present tense.

10. He doesnt help us.

10. They sing the song.

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13. Kalimat Pasif : Simple Past Tense

Pada materi sebelumnya kita sudah belajar tentang pengertian kalimat
pasif dan cara membuat kalimat pasif dalam simple present tense.
Sekarang kita akan belajar cara membuat kalimat pasif dalam simple
present tense . Dalam membuat kalimat pasif dalam simple present
tense, kita menggunakan is, am, are.. Sedangkan di dalam simple past
tense kita menggunakan was, were.. Perhatikan rumus di bawah in
ini:
Positif
Negatif
Pertanyaan

: Subjek + was/were + VIII

: Subjek + was/were + not + VIII
: Was/were + subjek + VIII

I
==========
She/he/it
==========
You/we/they ==========

was
was
were

Exercise I :
Rubahlah kalimat-kalimat
kalimat di bawah ini menjadi kalimat pasif!
1.

I didnt water the flowers.

2.

She visited her brother.

3.

Toni sang the song.

4.

A thief stole my cars.

5.

They didnt win the prize.

6.

Did John send the letter?

7.

I didnt read the book.

8.

Dila washed the bike.

9.

Nanda didnt clean the window.

10. Irfan flew the kite.

Contoh kalimat:
Aktif : He wrote the letter.
He didnt write the letter.
Did he write the letter?
Pasif : The letter was written by him.
The letter wasnt written by him.
Was the letter written by him?

Exercise II :
Rubahlah kalimat di bawah ini menjadi kalimat pasif!
1. She washed the car yesterday.
2. Weni helped me to write the stories.
3. She did not open the doors.
4. Did Anita do the homework?
5. Alex sang the Dangdut song.
6. Did your mother
ther drink the tea last night?
7. Cherry bought 3 pencils yesterday.
8. She visited Jambi
mbi last holiday.
9. My mother
ther cleaned the rooms.
10. Bejo did not bring the bags.

Aktif : She printed the file.

Pasif : The file was printed by her.
The file wasnt printed by her.
Was the file printed by her?
Aktif : They bought the cars.
They didnt buy the cars
Did they buy the cars?
Pasif : The cars were bought by them.
The cars werent bought by them.
Were the cars bought by them?

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14. Kalimat Pasif : Simple Future Tense

Exercise I :
Example:

Berikut ini rumus kalimat pasif dalam simple future tense :

Positif
: subjek + will/shall + be + VIII
Negative
: Subjek + will/shall + not + be + VIII
Pertanyaan
: will/shall + subjek + be + VIII
Contoh:

The book / read

The book will be read.
1. He / kill
2. Roni / give a present
3. The juice / drink

Aktif
They will buy a car.
They will not buy a car.
Will they buy a car?

4. the fish / fry

5. The dishes / keep in the cupboard

Pasif
A car will be bought by them.
A car will not be bought by them.
Will a car be bought by them?

Exercise II :
Rubahlah menjadi kalimat pasif!
1. I will bring 20 books to school.
2. She will close the door.

Aktif
Tono will fly a kite.
Tono will not fly a kite.
Will Tono fly a kite?

3. They will not wipe the window.

4. We will break the toy.
5. He will kick the boy.

Pasif
A kite will be flown by Tono.
A kite will not be flown by Tono.
Will a kite be flown by Tono?

Exercise III :
Rubahlah kalimat-kalimat
kalimat di bawah ini menjadi kalimat pasif!
1. Roy will buy the car.
2. Anita
ta will invite me to her party.
3. My mother will send the letter tomorrow.
4. My father will wash the car.

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5. They will sweep the floor.

15. Kalimat Pasif : Present Perfect Tense

6. The students will do the exercises.

Berikut ini rumus untuk membuat kalimat pasif dalam present perfect
tense :
Positif
: Subjek + have/has + been + VIII
Negative
: Subjek + have/has + not + been + VIII
Pertanyaan : Has/Have + Subjek + been + VIII

7. Beni will bring the bags.

8. Shelly will drink the juice.
9. My sister will cook the rice.
10. I will eat the cake.

Contoh
Aktif
I have eaten the cake.
I havent eaten the cake
Have you eaten the cake?
Pasif
The cake has been eaten by me.
The cakee hasnt been eaten by me.
Has the cake been eaten by you?

Exercise IV :
Example:
The letter / send
Jawab:
The letter will be sent.
The letter / not / send
Jawab:
The letter will not be sent

Aktif
She has done her homework.
She hasnt done her homework.
Has she done her homework?
Pasif
Her homework has been done by her.
Her homework hasnt been done by her.
Has her homework been done by her?

The juice / drink / ?

Jawab:
Will the juice be drunk?

1. The pogram / install

2. The door / open
3. The shower / repair
4. The program / not / watch
5. The contract / not / sign
6. The new computer / not / buy
7. You / visit / ?
8. The poem / write / ?
9. The room / clean / ?
10. The picture / draw / ?

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Exercise I :

16. Kalimat Pasif : Present Continuous Tense

Example:
the letter / send
The letter has been sent.
1. the flowers / water
2. the book / read
3. the TV / turn off
4. the car / wash
5. the house / sell

Kalimat pasif dalam present continuous tense tidaklah sulit, berikut ini
rumusnya:
Positif
: subjek + is/am/are + being + VIII
Negative
: subjekk + is/am/are + not + being + VIII
Pertanyaan : is/am/are + Subjek + being + VIII
Contoh:
Aktif
Positif
Negative
Pertanyaan
Pasif
Positif
Negative
Pertanyaan

Exercise II :
Rubahlah menjadi kalimat pasif!
1. She hasnt sung the song.
2. Have they written a story?
3. Riska hasnt sold the car.
4. Has the boy cleaned the floor?
5. The cat has eaten the fish.

Exercise III :

: She is reading the English book.

: She is not reading the English book.
: Is she reading the English book?
: The book is being read by her.
: The book is not being read by her.
: Is the book being read by her?

Rubahlah kalimat di bawah ini menjadi kalimat pasif!

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

My mother has visited Muara Jambi Temple.

I have drunk the tea.
Roy has done his homeworks.
They haven't eaten the cake.
My brother has sent the letters.
John has cleaned the floor.
The boys have swept the floor.
I haven't closed the door.
Has he read the story?
Have they sung the song?

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Aktif
Positif
Negative
Pertanyaan
Pasif
Positif
Negative
Pertanyaan

: They are sending the letters.

: They are not sending the letters.
: Are they sending the letters?
: The letters are being sent by them.
: The letters are not being sent by them.
: Are the letters being sent by them?

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Exercise I :

17. Elliptical Sentence : Too/So

Example:
The letter/send

Terkadang jika kita berbicara atau menulis kalimat yang maknanya sama,

The letter is being sent

kita sering malas.

s. Contohnya seperti ini:

1.

The fish / fry

Andi anak yang pintar. Joe anak yang pintar. Mereka adalah anak
anak-anak

2.

The cars / wash

saya.

3.

The film / not / watch

4.

The song / not / sing

Coba perhatikan contoh di atas. Ada dua kalimat yang berpredik

berpredikat sama

5.

The files / print / ?

walau dengan subjek yang berbeda. Yaitu Andi anak pintar. Joe anak
pintar. Pada kasus seperti ini, kita sering malas membuat kalimat

Exercise II :

seperti ini. Kita cendrung menyingkatnya menjadi Andi anak yang pintar,

Rubahlah menjadi kalimat pasif

dan Joe juga. Nahdi dalam bahasa Inggrispun kita bisa membuat

1.

My mother is washing the dishes.

kalimat seperti ini. Kalimat--kalimat seperti ini disebut dengan Elliptical

2.

They are boxing the boys.

Sentence.

3.

Is the cat eating the fish?

4.

I am typing a letter.

Sekarang mari kita simpulkan apa sih sebenarnya elliptical sentence itu?

5.

Tono is not kicking the ball.

Kalimat Elip atau elliptical sentence adalah gabungan dua kalimat yang
berbeda subyeknya tetapi predikatnya sama, dan digunakan untuk
menghindari pengulangan
an kata. Tujuan dari dibentuknya kalimat elip
yaitu untuk menyampaikan pernyataan secara sederhana dan sekaligus
menghindari pengulangan unsur kalimat yang sama.

kalimat Elip dalam bahasa Inggris pada umumnya menggunakan too

(juga), so (juga), either (jug
(juga tidak), Neither (juga tidak), but (tetapi)
dengan auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu)

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Too dan so

Simple present tense: Do/Does

Too dan so digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat positif yang

Yang di atas adalah contoh pemakaian so dan too dengan menggunakan

memiliki prediket yang sama. Jadi anda harus selalu ingat bahwa too dan

is, am, are. Dan yang dibawah ini contoh-contoh dengan menggunakan

so hanya digunakan untuk kalimat positif saja.

do/does.

Berikut ini rumusnya:

I/you/we/they

=====

do

She/he/it

=====

does

Contoh :
She goes to school at 6. He goes to school at 6.
She goes to school at 6, and so does he.
She goes to school at 6, and he does too.

... (+) ..., and + Subyek + Auxiliary + too

...(+)..., and + so + Auxiliary + Subyek
Contoh:

They buy a new car. I buy a new car

They buy a new car, and so do I.
They buy a new car, and I do too.

Siti Zulaiha is beautiful. Jupe is Beautiful.

So
Siti Zulaiha is beautiful, and so is Jupe.

Simple past tense: Was dan were

Too
Siti Zulaiha is beautiful, and Jupe is too.

am
are
is

was

You/they/we

=====

were

Simple past tense: Did

Contoh:
I am tall. She is tall.
I am tall, and so is she.
I am tall, and she is too.

I /you/we/they/she/he/it

My mother is in Jakarta now. My father is in Jakarta now.

My mother is in Jakarta now, and so is my father.
My mother is in Jakarta now, and my father is too.

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=====

Contoh :
I was in Jambi in 1990. They were in Jambi in 1990.
I was in Jambi in 1990, and so were they.
I was in Jambi in 1990, and They were too.

Simple present tense: Is, am, are

I
====
You/we/they ====
She/he/it
====

I/she/he/it

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===== did

Contoh :
Toni went to Malaysia. John went to Malaysia.
Toni went to Malaysia, and so did John.
Toni went to Malaysia, and John did too.

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Present perfect
I /you/we/they
She/he/it

Exercise I :
=====
=====

have
has

1. Riska is tall. Toni is tall.

2. Dina eats pizza everyday. My sisters eat pizza everyday.

Contoh :
I have eaten. She has eaten.
I have eaten, and so has she.
I have eaten, and she has too.

3. They go swimming every Sunday. Toni goes swimming every Sunday.

4. Rina got up at 6. I got up at 6.
5. She has slept. He has slept.
6. My mother will watch TV. My father will watch TV.

They have come here. She has come here.

They have come here, and so has she.
They have come here, and she has too.

7. He was here. You were here.

8. I can sing. You can sing.
9. John is playing soccer. Beni is playing soccer.

Present continuous tense

I
====
You/we/they ====
She/he/it
====

10. We bought a new car. She bought a new car.

am
are
is

Exercise II :

Contoh :
You are speaking. He is speaking.
You are speaking, and so is he.
You are speaking, and he is too.

Contoh:
Alvin is at home, ________ his mother.
Jawab: Alvin is at home, so is his mother.
Alvin goes to school at 8, Caesar _______.
Jawab: Alvin goes to school at 8, Caesar does too.

Shinta is singing. Jojo is singing.

Shinta is singing, and so is Jojo.
Shinta is singing, and Jojo is too.

1. Weni is happy, _______ I

2. John speaks English well, Roy _________.
3. They go to school at 7, __________ he.
4. I have visited Jakarta, ___________ she.
5. I went to Jambi last month. my mother ___________.
6. I am watching TV, _________ my mother.
7. Mr. Fendi was sick, they __________
8. Boy has slept, ________ his father.
9. Weni can swim, Winda ________.
10. Antoni is smart, ________ Cherry.

Simple Future Tense

I /you/we/they/she/he/it ===== will
Contoh :
They will sleep. She will sleep.
They will sleep, and so will she.
They will sleep, and she will too.

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Exercise III :

18. Elliptical Sentence: Either dan Neither

Contoh:
Alvin is at home, ________ his mother.
Jawab: Alvin is at home, so is his mother.
Alvin goes to school at 8, Caesar _______.
Jawab: Alvin goes to school at 8, Caesar does too.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

My mother gets up at 7 every morning, ______ I

Antoni bought a new pencil, ________ my brother.
Alvin studies English every Sunday, _________ Antoni.
They have had lunch, I ____________.
She has eaten, they ______________.
I will go to Jambi tomorrow, my father ___________.
They will play games next Monday, __________ my borther.
Cherry can dance well, _________ Alvin.
Caesar likes juice, _________ Alvin.
Stevi went to Jakarta last year, Kheylie _________
___________.

Exercise IV :
Contoh:
Rose likes to cry, and her brother ______ too.
Jawab: does.
1. Rose likes to cry, and I _______ too.
2. They will leave at noon, and I _______ too.
3. He has an early appointment, and so _______ I.
4. She has already written her composition,
on, and so _____ her friends.
5. Their plane is arriving at 9 o'clock, and so ______ mine.
6. I should go grocery shopping this afternoon, and so ___________ my
neighbor.
7. We like to swim in the pool, and they _______ too.
8. Our Spanish teacher loves to travel, and so ______ we.
9. He has lived in Jambi for
or 5 years, and you ______ too.
10. I have to write them a letter, and she ______ too.

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Pada materi
ateri sebelumnya telah dijelaskan
di
elliptical sentence

yang

menggunakan too dan so,, dimana mereka digunakan hanya untuk

kalimat positif. Sedangkan Either dan neither yang juga digunakan untuk
meringkas kalimat, namun khusus untuk kalimat negative. Dalam
elliptical sentences yang menggunakan either dan neither memiliki
m
rumus
sebagai berikut:
..and neither + auxiliary/to be/modal + S
and S + aux iliary/to be/modal + not either
Contoh :
He didnt go to school yesterday.
She didnt go to school yesterday
He didint go to school yesterday, and neither did she.
Atau
He didnt go to school yesterday, and She didnt either.
Perlu diperhatikan dan selalu diingat bahwa Not dalam elliptical
sentences selalu disingkat, digabungkan dengan to be atau auxiliary verb
yang ada dalam kalimat yang akan diringkas.
Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan contoh
contoh-contoh di bawah ini!
They will not visit you.
I will not visit you.
They will not visit you, and neither will I.
Atau
They will not visit you, and I wont either
He doesnt do the home work.
I dont do the home work.
He doesnt do the home work, and neither do I.
Atau
He doesnt do the home work, and I dont either.

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They dont watch TV.

Toni doesnt watch TV.
They dont watch TV, and neither does Toni.
Atau
They dont watch TV, and Toni doesnt either.

Exercise :
Kerjakan soal-soal
soal latihan di bawah ini!
1. She isnt tall.
He isnt tall.

We havent eaten.
They havent eaten.
We havent eaten, and neither have they.
Atau
We havent eaten, and They havent either.

2. My mother doesnt like pizza.

My father doesnt like pizza.
3. They didnt get up early.
I didnt get up early.

She hasnt slept.

He hasnt slept.
She hasnt slept, and neither has he.
Atau
She hasnt slept, and he hasnt either.

4. Riska hasnt done her homework.

Riri hasnt done her homework.
5. They cant sing.
I cant sing.

Roni isnt sleeping.

Tono isnt sleeping.
Roni isnt sleeping, and neither is Tono.
Atau
Roni isnt sleeping, and Toni isnt either.

6. She isnt singing.

He isnt singing.
7. My sister doesnt study everyday.
Your sister doesnt study everyday.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
-

http://belajarbahasainggrisonlinegratis.blogspot.com
http://letspeakenglish.info/speaking/
http://talkenglish.com/LessonDetails.aspx?ALID=520
http://www.talkenglish.com/LessonDetails.aspx?ALID=522
http://free-english-study.com/
http://www.ego4u.com/
http://www.perfectyourenglish.com/speaking/thanks.htm
http://www.english-test.net/forum/ftopic44771.html

Jika kamu tidak dapat melakukan hal-hal hebat, lakukan

hal-hal kecil dengan cara yang hebat. ~ Napoleon Hill

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