Vim

Edward G.J. Lee

Email: edt1023@speedymail.org
2003 3 3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Vim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vim(elvis). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1 Vim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.2 elvis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.3 nvi-m17n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4
1.4.1 Normal mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.2 Insert mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.3 Cmdline mode or Command-line mode
1.4.4 Visual mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.5 Select mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.6 Ex Ex mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5
step by step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.2 vim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1
1.2
1.3

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1
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1
2.2
2.3

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1

additional mode . . . . . .
3.1.1 operator-pending mode
3.1.2 replace mode . . . . . . .
3.1.3 insert normal mode . .
3.1.4 insert visual mode . .
3.1.5 insert select mode. . .

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11
11
11
12
12
12

3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.1 register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.1 mouse . . . . . .
4.4.2 copy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vim .
substitute . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Vim . . . .
5.5.1 . . . . . . .
5.5.2 . . . . . . .
5.5.3 . . . . . . .
5.5.4 :marks. . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vim . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4.1 vim -x [] . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4.2 vim :X
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5

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12
13
13
14
15

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17
18
19
19
19
19
19

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20
20
21
21
22
22
22
22
22

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23
23
25
25
25
25
26

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7.1
7.2

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

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yank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1
4.2

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.1
8.2

shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

ii

set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
9.1

9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7

. . .
9.1.1 Vim . . .
9.1.2 elvis . . .
9.1.3 nvi-m17n .
. .
set . . . .
softtabstop[sts] . . .
Vim modeline . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
9.7.1 .vimrc . . . .
9.7.2 .gvimrc . . . .
9.7.3 .vim . . .

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31
31
32
32
32
33
37
38
39
39
39
41
42

10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
metacharacter, or character classes .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
greedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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43
47
48
48
49

11 Vim folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
. . . . . . . . . .
11.1.1 . . . . . .
11.1.2 . . . . . .
11.1.3 . . . . . .
11.2 . . . . . . . . . .
11.2.1 . . . . .
11.2.2 .
11.2.3 . . . . .
11.2.4 . .
11.2.5 .
11.1

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51
51
52
52
52
53
53
53
53
53

12 Vim tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5

tag . .
tags . . . . . . .
tag . . . . . . .
tag . . . . . . .
Vim . .
12.5.1 doctags . . . . . . . .
12.5.2 Vim

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iii

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55
56
56
56
57
57
57

13 Vim script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
macro.
13.1.1 . .
13.1.2 . .
13.1.3 .
13.1.4
13.2 Vim script .
13.1

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59
59
61
62
63
63

14 Vim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

14.1.1 mutt + vim . . . . .

14.1.2 slrn + vim . . . . .
14.2 . . .
14.3 TEX/LATEX . .
14.4 Java . . . . .
14.1

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64
64
64
65
65
65

15 Vim tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

iv

vi
FAQ
vi emacs/xemcas

1.1 Vim
elvis, vile, nvi (nvim17n Big5 Vim1 )
Vim elvis2 vile emacs
nvi vi OReilly
Vim elvis
3
Vim Free Software4 CharityWare5
Vi IMproved
HTML()binarymanpage TEX/LATEX (
)
3 Vim Vim

4 http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
5 http://iccf-holland.org
1 VIM
2 elvis

1.2. VIM(ELVIS)

: AIDS

ICCF
http://iccf-holland.org/click.html Amazon ICCF

Vim (regular express) regexp

sed, awk, perl, less, grep. . . regexp Linux(Un*x)
regexp Windows

( xemacs )

1.2 Vim(elvis)
http://www.vim.org/
http://vim.sf.net/download.php
ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/

mirro Win32 windows

runtime

http://elvis.the-little-red-haired-girl.org/
elvis

ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/ucb/4bsd/
ftp://ftp.foretune.co.jp/pub/tools/nvi-m17n/
nvi-m17n
Vim 6.1elvis 2.2h-betanvi 1.79
Vim

1.3.

1.3

1.3.1 Vim
1. configure
--enable-multibyte
--enable-xim
--enable-fontset
--enable-gui=gtk
--enable-perlinterp
perl
--enable-pythoninterp python
GUI gtk+
2. /.vimrc
set enc=big5
set guifontset=
guifontset guifont
guifontconsole xterm
guifontset
(1024x768)
set guifontset=-b&h-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-m-*-*-*,
\-arphic-*mingti2l*-medium-r-normal-*-*-190-*-*-c-*-big5-0
Windows guifontset guifont
set guifont=Andale_Mono:H11:W6
3. locale zh_TW.Big5 i18n

unset LC_ALL
export LC_CTYPE=zh_TW.Big5

1.3.2 elvis
elvis GUI XA+CV

1.4.

i18n/XIM console/rxvt man

elvis

1.3.3 nvi-m17n
nvi *BSD m17n(multilingualization, m n 17
m17n)
nvi-m17n /.nexrc
set
set
set
set
set

noskipdisplay
displayencoding=big5
inputencoding=big5
fileencoding=big5
autodetect=tw

1.4
Vim basic mode

1.4.1 Normal mode

vim

1.4.2 Insert mode

i Esc
-- INSERT --

1.4.3 Cmdline mode or Command-line mode

( Shift ) ex6
6 vi,

ex, sed eded DOS edline DOS

1.5. STEP BY STEP

Esc
/ ?

1.4.4 Visual mode

-- VISUAL --
-- VISUAL LINE -- -- VISUAL BLOCK -- 7 27

1.4.5 Select mode

1.4.6 Ex Ex mode
ex
gQ Ex visual

additional mode 3.1 11

Vim Esc

1.5 step by step

1.5.1
vim test.txt gvim test,txt vi vim vi
test.txt vim vigvimelvis

edline ed man ed ed
ex ed

1.5. STEP BY STEP

1.5.2 vim
vim :e test.txt test.txt 1.5.1
1.5.2 test.txt test.txt

gvim icon(gtk ) file browser

vi
GUI

1.5.3
vim i vim
Backspace Del

vi
Esc vim elvis

1.5.4
Esc :w
vim :q:wq

:-)
e edit()w write()q quit(
)
distributions vim
vim/gvim vi
vi vim Slackware Linux vi elvis
vim/gvim vi *BSD
nvi
vi vi : ver
Enter vi vim +/
6

1.5. STEP BY STEP

+
Vim
vi/vim

common-mode(c-mode Vim normal-mode vim

) vi c-mode insert-mode
Vim elvis mode

2.1
h

Backspace

Enter + Shift

Shift

Space

Ctrl+f

PageDown Forward

Crtl+b

PageUp Backward)

hjkl

vi hjkl
hjkl
Backspace Space hl

Vim elvis

jk Enter+
8

2.2.

Vim

2.2
0

0 o Hmoe

Shift

End Shift

gg
regular expression $
gg Vim elvis vi 1G 1
lG goto
w

word

PageDownPageUp

n|

n () Shift n

:n

n nG

2.3.

2.3
)

sentence

sentencesentence . ! ?

paragraph

paragraphparagraph

{}[]() { % }

Vim

10

Vim

3.1 additional mode

1.4 4

3.1.1 operator-pending mode

3.1.2 replace mode

R 3.4 13 -- REPLACE --

11

3.2.

3.1.3 insert normal mode

Ctrl+O

-- (insert) --

3.1.4 insert visual mode

Ctrl+O Ctrl+V V v
-- (insert) VISUAL -

3.1.5 insert select mode

-(insert) SELECT --

3.2
i

(insert)

(append)

(open)

0i gI(Vim )

(Joint)
split Enter macro

J EOL(End Of Line)

gJ J Vim elvis
Vim script
12

3.3.

3.3
Vim elvis Del

Backspace Vim

elvis
xx
dd

(delete line)

dw

(delete word)

dG

d1G

dgg( Vim)

d$

d0

d $
d$ d vi(m)

3.4
r

replace mode Esc

cc

cw

(word)(change)

Shift

c$

c0

R R s
s
undo vi undoVim elvis

Vim
U

Crtl+r

redo

Vim r
:-) Vim
elvis Vim big5/cp950
13

3.5.

r replace

3.5
Vim Vim
edsed

5dd

3r

3r
locale

5J

3x

5i A

Ecs A

2i sys Esc

syssys

5G

:5

5l

j
2 8

Vim

:-)

14

3.6.

3.6
>>

shiftwidth 8

<<

shiftwidth 8 :set
shiftwidth? :set shiftwidth=4
4 shiftwidth sw Shift

:ce(nter)

:ri(ght)

:le(ft)

textwidth(tw)
tw 80 80
sw

gqap

gqip

gqq

gqQ

textwidth Enter
keyin
EOLgq Vim
visual mode gq

gq d y

gq3q

gq2ap

gq5j

( j 5j
)

gq}

well

gq)

2 2.3

15

3.6.

Vim script
http://info.sayya.org/edt1023/vim/format.vim
$VIMRUNTIME/plugin
vim J gqap Vim
office
TEX/LATEX/texinfo/troff/groff

16

4
yank

yank
Vim copy
Vim yank put
y Vim
Vim

Vim

4.1
yy

2yy

y2y :-)

y0

y$

yw

word

y2w

yG

y1G

P p P

ayy

a 26
17

4.2. REGISTER

4 yank

append Enter
ditto marks shift
ap

Vim registersVim dcsxy

registers dd
p p y
p p paste put
5ayy

5Ayy

a a

a a 26
Vim
:reg registers

0,1,2,. . . 9 p
% #

Tab elvis registers

elvis Vim

4.2 Register
Vim buffers
6.2 23yank Put registers
marks 5.4 21
RAM

18

4.3.

4 yank

4.2.1 register

4.3
.

yy p

. dddwrcw

4.4
4.4.1 mouse
console X terminal windows
Shift+Insert Ctrl+v Vim windows

4.4.2 copy
:set paste Vim elvis elvis :set noai1
GUI

mouse yyp mouse

1 set

19

Vim
Vim regular
expression, regexp pattern
pattern pattern
regexp
regexp

5.1
/

c-mode / /
Enter ? / / ?

5.2 Vim
*

word

* #

g* *
g# # n, N
20

5.3. SUBSTITUTE

5.3 substitute
:[range]s/pattern/string/[c,e,g,i]1
range

1,7 1,$
% %
#

pattern regexp
string

pattern string

confirm

error

globe

ignore
g cgi

[] :%s/Edwin/Edward/g
Edwin Edward
regexp
:-)

5.4
Vim marks
mark
mx x 26 mark
x

backward quote Tab

forward quote Enter

ma

mark G a
1 :opt[ion] :opt
:option

21

5.5. VIM

5.5 Vim
5.5.1

5.5.2
mA viminfo vim
vim A (vim A
):-)

5.5.3
0
1 m
vim viminfo :h
viminfo-file-marksviminfo vim
mark ()() Ctrl + O

5.5.4 :marks

22

Vim
Vim

6.1
vim +

:-)

vim +n

vim +/string

/
string n string string
regexp

6.2
vim
argument list vim buffer list
buffer

23

6.2.

:n

:2n

:N

argument list

:e

vim vim
Tab

:e# Ctrl+

argument list buffer list #

:files

:buffers :ls buffer elvis

:b buffers buffers buffer
+
buffer # %

:bn

buffer next buffer

:bp

buffer previous buffer

:bl

buffer last buffer elvis

:b

:ls vim
elvis :e# vi clone
Vim GUI Buffers
buffer
:bd(elete)

buffer vim
vim buffers
cache

:e!

vim :e!

:f Ctrl+g

:f

(file)

:r

(read)

:35 r

35

gf

vim word

24

6.3.

:-)

6.3
:q

(quit)

:q!

:wq

:x

ZZ

:x

:w

(write)

:q :q! vim
:qa :qa! vima all :! !

6.4 Vim
6.4.1 vim -x []
vim vim

6.4.2 vim :X
vim ..swp
ls -a
swp root :-)
swap :set noswf
swap
elvis /var/tmp/*.ses
Vim *.swp
-rw-------

25

6.5.

6.5
vim -r vim :recover

26

visual mode v-modev-mode

7.1
v

vcharacter visual v
v Esc
v-mode

Vline visual V
V Esc
v-mode

Ctrl+v

blockwise visual Ctrl+v

v-mode v-mode Esc
Ctrl+cWindows Ctrl+v Ctrl+Q

gq

ay
a ap

Shift+> Tab
Shift+< Tab
27

7.2.

:h visual.txt Tab

7.2
Ctrl+w n

:new

Vim elvis GUI

elvis elvis console
Vim elvis Ctrl+w n elvis
Ctrl+w w window
Ctrl+w s

:sp(lit)

Ctrl+w f

word

Ctrl+w q

:q

Ctrl+w o

:only!

Ctrl+w j

Ctrl+w k

hjkl

:sp

X
rxvt + Vim Vim

28

8
shell

8.1 shell
:!

$PATH

:!!

@:

Vim

:sh(ell)

shell exit vim

Vim GUI elvis GUI xterm

console xterm vim vim shell shell
:set shell=
Tab
/
:!ps aux :

:r !commond

commond
:r !date elvis

:n,mw !commond

n m commond input

K word man page

29

8.2.

8 shell

8.2
vi on-line help Vim elvis Vim
tag elvis HTML elvis
HTML
pe2(3) F1 Vim F1
elvis /.elvislib/elvis.rc
map #1 :helpM
M Ctrl+v M Enter M
M
M console Ctrl+Shift+v

:h name name name help.txt

evlis elvis.html h help name Tab
Vim | Ctrl+]
Ctrl+t elvis :q

:ver
+
elvis/nvi 1
:q pe2 F4
Vim
/.vimrc :q!

vim GUI console console

30

9
set

Vim Vim
Vim elvis
:h option-list
vimrc example.vim

9.1
9.1.1 Vim
:set ai :set noaiai autoindent
vim vim

/.exrc
/.vimrc
/.gvimrc
$VIM/vimrc
$VIM/gvimrc
$VIM\_vimrc
$VIM\_gvimrc

GUI

GUI
Windows

GUI $HOME/.vimrc
$VIM /usr/share/vim /usr/local/share/vim
$HOME/.bash profie $HOME/.bashrc Windows
$VIM C:\Vim autoexec.bat
31

9.2.

9 set

9.1.2 elvis
/.exrc
/.elvislib/elvis.rc
C:\Program Files\elvis\elvis.rc

Windows

Vim elvis $HOME/.exrc

$HOME/.exrc set

9.1.3 nvi-m17n
/.exrc
/.nexrc

9.2
:set :se

:set all

:scriptnames

:set option?
option
:option
=
:set nooption :set
:set autoindent noconfirm autowrite
Vim :opt[ion]
set Enter
:q Enter

:mk[exrc]
:mkv[imrc]

/.exrc
/.vimrc

.vimrc :-) elvis

$HOME/.exrc $HOME/.elvislib/elvis.rc

32

9.3. SET

9 set

9.3 set
Vim

autoindent[ai]

Enter

autowrite[aw]

background[bg] Vim

dark light highlight

synload.vim $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/synload.vim
$HOME/.vimrc $HOME/.gvimrc
$VIMRUNTIME Vim
macro $VIMRUNTIME $VIM/vimxxxx
Vim 6.1 $VIM/vim61 6.2
runtime files $VIM/vim62 runtime files
backup[bk]

backup file
writebackup[wb] Vim

backup :h backup-table
backup backup
:ver
backupdir[bdir] Vim

backup file

33

9.3. SET

9 set

binary[bin] Vim

EOL
offelvis
16
ASCII
browsedir[bsdir] Vim

GUI GUI
[File] [Open]
cindent[cin] Vim

C indent C off C/C++ code

cmdheight[ch] Vim

compatible[cp] Vim

vi vim off
confirm[cf] Vim

off
directory[dir]

swap
fileformat[ff] Vim

EOL(end of line)
dos 0x0D0A
unix 0x0A
mac 0x0D
Linux unix

34

9.3. SET

9 set

fileformats[ffs] Vim

ff
:set ffs=unix,dos ff=unix
unix dos dos
dos unix :set ff=unix
unix
ff ffs unix dos
M 0x0D :set ff=unix
:%s/M//g M M M

Hey 0x0D M
ga 10168 a
ascii Vim elvis elvis dos
M
ignorecase[ic]

off
incsearch[is] Vim

patern patern off

hlsearch[hls] Vim

off vim vimrc

F8
textwidth[tw]

word wrap
EOL 0 word wrap

wrapmargin[wm]

textwidth 0
35

9.3. SET

9 set

wrap

EOL
wrapscan[ws]

paste Vim

ruler[ru] Vim

Top
Bot
All

statusline[stl] Vim

:h stl
shiftwidth[sw]

>> Tab

tabstop[ts]

Tab 8
Vim softtabstop modeline

showcmd[sc]

36

9.4. SOFTTABSTOP[STS]

9 set

showmode[smd]

Insert mode Visual mode normal

mode(commond mode)

viusalbell[vb] Vim

beep
number[nu]

:nu
:# ruler
list

list mode Tab I EOL

$ Tab
swapfile[swf] Vim

swap noswf swapfile

swapfile
fileencoding[fe] Vim

Taiwan XIM
xcin-2.5x xcin-2.3x XA multi byte
ansiset guifont set guifontset

history[hi]

20

9.4 softtabstop[sts]
OS Tab 8
8
37

9.5. VIM MODELINE

9 set

Vim softtabstop

Vim Tab Tab

set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
4 Tab Tab vim 4
Tab Tab 12
Tab Space
8 Tab
Ctrl+v Tab Ctrl+v I 8 Tab
Tab :-)

Un*x Makefile, snedmail

Tab
Tab softtabstop Vim modeline

9.5 Vim modeline

Vim Vim
sh script # Vim
Vim
Tab shell
sh script
# vim:

ts=2

Tab Tab
vim :h
modeline

38

9.6.

9 set

1. modeline vim
sh script # vim: set modelines=0

2. vim
3. (sapce Tab )
/* vim:noai:sw=3 ts=4 */ => C /* vim
// vim:ts=2
=> C++
# vim:ts=2
=> sh script, perl, python, tcl
" vim:ts=2
=> vim script

9.6
set wrap
Vim :set linebreak(lbr)
EOL

( EOL )

1 \ TEX/LATEX %
TEX/LATEX EOL HTML

9.7

9.7.1 .vimrc
" /.vimrc by Edward G.J. Lee
" vim vim
" This code is Public Domain
"
set backspace=indent,eol,start
set autoindent

" always set autoindenting on

script script

1 Vim

39

9.7.

9 set

set history=50
set ruler
set showcmd

" keep 50 lines of command line history

" show the cursor position all the time
" display incomplete commands

set enc=big5

" big5

" :update :w vi
map <F2> :up<CR>
map <F3> :up<CR>:q<CR>
"
map <F4> :q!<CR>
"
map <F5> :bp<CR>
" buffer
map <F6> :bn<CR>
" buffer
" <F7> syntax on/off Vim script
" <F7> on off on
"
map <F7> :if exists("syntax_on") <BAR>
\
syntax off <BAR><CR>
\ else <BAR>
\
syntax enable <BAR>
\ endif <CR>
" F8 searching highlight highlight
map <F8> :set hls!<BAR>set hls?<CR>
" Toggle on/off paste mode
map <F9> :set paste!<BAr>set paste?<CR>
set pastetoggle=<F9>
map <F10> <ESC>:read !date<CR>
"
map <F11> :%!xxd<CR>
" xxd 16
map <F12> :%!xxd -r<CR>
"
"Default backspace like normal
set bs=2
"Display a status-bar.
"set laststatus=2
"Show matching parenthese.
set showmatch
" :h hi
hi Comment
term=bold ctermfg=darkcyan
hi Constant
term=underline ctermfg=Red
hi Special
term=bold ctermfg=Magenta
hi Identifier
term=underline ctermfg=cyan
hi Statement
term=bold ctermfg=Brown

40

9.7.

hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi

PreProc
Type
Ignore
Error
Todo
Search
ErrorMsg
StatusLine
StatusLineNC

9 set

term=bold ctermfg=DarkYellow
term=bold ctermfg=DarkGreen
ctermfg=white
term=reverse ctermbg=Red ctermfg=White
term=standout ctermbg=Yellow ctermfg=Red
term=standout ctermbg=Yellow ctermfg=Black
term=reverse ctermbg=Red ctermfg=White
ctermfg=darkblue ctermbg=gray
ctermfg=brown
ctermbg=darkblue

set viminfo=20,\"50

" read/write a .viminfo file, dont store more

" than 50 lines of registers

"
set formatoptions=mtcql
" modeline
" vim: ts=2:

9.7.2 .gvimrc
" /.gvimrc by Edward G.J. Lee
" This code is Public Domain
"
set mousehide
" mouse
map <S-Insert> <MiddleMouse>
map! <S-Insert> <MiddleMouse>
" Only do this for Vim version 5.0 and later.
if version >= 500
let c_comment_strings=1
if !exists("syntax_on")
syntax on
endif
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi

Comment
Constant
Special
Identifier
Statement
PreProc
Type
Ignore
Error

guifg=DarkBlue
gui=bold guifg=Magenta guibg=#fffff5f2eed8
guifg=Blue guibg=#fffff5f2eed8
gui=bold guifg=DarkCyan
gui=bold guifg=brown
gui=bold guifg=black
guifg=darkgreen
guifg=bg
guibg=Red gui=bold guifg=White

41

9.7.

hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi

9 set

Todo
guifg=Blue guibg=Yellow
ErrorMsg
guibg=Red gui=bold guifg=White
Normal
guibg=#fffff5f2eed8
ModeMsg
guifg=DarkBlue guibg=yellow
StatusLine
gui=bold guifg=lightgray guibg=DarkBlue
StatusLineNC gui=bold guifg=lightgray guibg=brown
Cursor guibg=green guifg=NONE
lCursor guibg=Cyan guifg=NONE

endif
" ex(:) mode (gvim)
set imcmdline
" xcin insert mode (gvim)
set imdisable

9.7.3 .vim
.vimrc .gvimrc
.vim $VIMRUNTIME .vim

edt1023:$ tree .vim

.vim
|-- filetype.vim
|-- plugin
|
|-- format.vim
|
-- tex.vim
|-- syntax
|
|-- lily.vim
|
-- svg.vim
-- view
-- =+bg5.txt=
3 directories, 6 files
filetype.vim filetype.vim
format.vim tex.vim vim Vim script
TEX/LATEX lily.vim GNU LilyPond
svg.vim SVG
view :mkview
:loadview 11 11.1.3 52
42

 10

Vim regular expression

regexp regexp
regexp regexp
Vim regexp
regexp extensions

Vim
regexp
:h pattern Un*x
man 7 regex man edman sedman grepman awkman perlre
regexp Vim perl regexp
perl :-) Vim
( Vim script )

10.1
*

0 0

\+

* 0

\=

0 1

\|

or \| pattern
\+, \=, \| \ Vim regexp +,

?, | \+
elvis ed \? 0 1 \=
43

10.1.

10

[] dg*
* g 0 0 d( 0 )dg, dgggg,
dgggggggg pattern /dg* pattern
extended d
:%s/dg*/test/g extended
extentestetest
shell pattern matching notation regexp dg* shell
dg d shell *

[] dg\+
dg, dgg, dgggggg d dg\= ddg

[] :%s/The\|All/test/g
The All test There
testre
[] /123-\=4567
1234567 1234567 123456789
[...]

[..]

[. . . ]

shell
? \ escape \. .
regexp \*

[]
[Aa]
A a
[12345]
12345 [15]
[09] 0 9 [ad] abcd

44

10.1.

10

[] W[0-9]*\.cc
W 09
cc W.ccW1.ccW2.ccW345.ccW8976543287.cc
W .cc
W[0-9][0-9]*\.cc
[] .*

[]
[M] M
[Tt] T t
[0-9]
[a-zA-Z]

$
$ $
[] /What
What Whatever, Whats
/What$ What
[] $

\(...\)

pattern \1, \2. . . \9

[] :%s/\([a-z]\)\1/test/g
aa, bb, cc, dd,. . . zz test :%s/[a--z][a--z]/test/g
aa, ab, ac. . . ba, bb, bc. . . zz test \(...\)
\1

45

10.1.

10

[] :%s/\(.\)\(.\)r\2\1/test/g
r
test\2 \(.\) \1 \(.\)
12r21cfrfc7grg7 test
\< word word
\> \< \> pattern
regexp
ed perl >b perl >bed >b \<, \>
perl ? regexp $
anchor patternword boundary
Vim \b <BS> Backspace

[] :%s/\<abbbc\>/test/g
abbbc test:%s/abbbc/test/g
deabbbcly abbbc test :%s/The\<All/test/g
:%s/\<The\>\|\<All\>/test/g There testre
[] :%s/\<abbbc/test/g abbbc (word)
abbbc test
abbbcabbbcerd abbbckijuds
\{n,m}

n m

regexp \{n,m\}Vim elvis perl

{}:-)
[] \{}
[09]\{3,4}
123
12
1
123456
1234567
12345678
1234
12345

46

10.2. METACHARACTER, OR CHARACTER CLASSES 10

:%s/[0-9]\{3,4}/test/g 112
3 12345 test5123456 test5612345678
testtest1234567 testtest1231234 test
gc confirm
u
[] \{}
xy\{20} x 20 y e[x-z]\{4} e x,y,z
exxxx, exyyz, ezzyz, exyzz
[] \{}
xy\{2,} x y xyyy* xyy\+
[] \{}
xy\{,4} x y x, xy, xyy ,xyyy,
xyyyy

10.2 metacharacter, or character classes

regexp
\s

Space Tab

\S

\d

digits [09]

\D

[09]

\w

word character [09azAZ ]

\W

[09azAZ ]

\a

alphabetic character [azAZ]

\A

[azAZ]

\l

lowercase character [az]

\L

[az]

\u

uppercase [AZ]

\U

[AZ]

vi []

47

10.3.

10

10.3
:[range]g/pattern/[cmd]

cmd ed p(print) man ed

d(delete)
d pattern range
g globe
Vim help ex ex Vim
ed ed Vim ex ed Vim

:g/$/d

$
Space Tab

:g/[<Space><Tab>]*$/d
Vim elvis <Space><Tab> Tab
vi Ctrl+v Space Ctrl+v Tab

:g/\s*$/d
:-) 0 1

:%s/$//g :s

10.4 &
patern
48

10.5. GREEDY

10

[] :%s/\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\>/ID:&/g
ID: T123456789
ID:T123456789 \d [0-9]\u \>
T12345678999 \<ID:
TeL:
[] 3 7 2
:3,7s/.*/

&/

:3,7s/.\+/

&/

.* .\+ . * \+

[] 3 7 2
:3,7s/

//

[] Edward
:%s/\<Edward\>/[&]/g
[] Edward
:%s/\<Edward\>/\U&/g
\U \U pattern
[AZ]
\L :h
sub-replace-special
[] <BR> HTML tag
:%s/.*/&<BR>/g
regexp :-)
regexp

10.5 greedy
regexp pattern
greedy regexp
49

10.5. GREEDY

10

*, \=, \+, \{} .* greedy

regexp
[] This is a test. Test for regexp.
:%s/[Tt].*t/program/g Test test program
regexp This is a test. Test program
program for regexp.
regexp :%s/\<[Tt]est\>/program/g
regexp

regexp Mastering Regular Expressions(OReilly & Associates)

http://www.rtfiber.com.tw/changyj/

50

 11
Vim folding

Vim folding Vim

vi vi clone

11.1
foldmethod[fdm] manual

11.1.1
zfzF:fo[ld]
zfap

zf7G

:3,9fold 3 7
5zF

Shift+v zf

51

11.2.

11 Vim folding

11.1.2
zo

open

zc

close

zr

reduce

zm

more

zR

zr

zM

zm

zi

zn

fold none

zN

zn

zn zR zR foldlevel
zn foldenable
Vim script

i o
dd
yy p

11.1.3
:mkview
:loadview
Vim script

11.2

52

11.2.

11 Vim folding

11.2.1
:set foldmethod=indent :set foldmethod=normal

11.2.2
:set foldmethod=expr :set foldexpr=... :h
fold-expr

11.2.3
syntaxset foldmethod=syntax
:h syn-fold

11.2.4
vimdiff vim -d file1 file2 foldmethod=diff
diff

setlocal diff foldmethod=diff scrollbind nowrap foldlevel=1

11.2.5
marker {{{ }}}
C /* */ shell
script # Vim script

foldmarker

53

11.2.

11 Vim folding

:set foldmethod=marker

#!/bin/sh
# sh script
# {{{

script vim

# }}}
# vim:fdm=marker:ts=2
modeline 9 9.5 38

54

 12

Vim tags

tag Vim
tag hyperlink
tag ctags
tags Vim

12.1 tag
ctags

ctags C
exuberant ctags C/C++JavaFortran
ctags --version

etags

emacs/xemacs

JTags

Java

ptags.py

Python

ptags

Perl

exuberant ctags man ctags ctags --help

$VIMRUNTIME/tools sh scriptTcl/Tk
script tag tags
ctags ctags etags
Vim exuberant ctags
ctags exuberant ctags
http://ctags.sourceforge.net

55

12.2. TAGS

12 Vim tags

12.2 tags
tag
tagname TAB tagfile TAB tagaddress term field
tagname

TAB

Tab

tagfile

tag

tagaddress Ex
term

;"

field

12.3 tag
source code
ctags -R *
source code tags -f
source code tags
ctags
ctags man ctags
ctags
Vim binary search

12.4 tag
tag files source code vim
tags :set tags=your.tags
tags Vim
Ctrl+] Ctrl+T

56

12.5. VIM

12 Vim tags

Vim vim tags

$VIMRUNTIME/doc $HOME/.vim/doc tags
tags

12.5 Vim
Vim tags tags
Ctrl+] Ctrl+T

12.5.1 doctags
$PATH Vim runtime/doc
tags doctags
** tag
source code runtime/doc
make doctags => doctags
make tags => *.txt tags
doctags *.txt $VIMRUNTIME/doc

doctags *.txt | sort > tags

vim
Vim

12.5.2 Vim
vim :helpt[ags] *.txt tags

57

12.5. VIM

12 Vim tags

vim -c "helptags ." -c quit

doctags *.txt | sort > tags

Vim $VIMRUNTIME/doc $HOME/.vim/doc

$HOME/.vim/doc
This is a test.
This is another test.

*test1*
*test2*

test.txt $HOME/.vim/doc
cd .vim/doc
vim -c "helptags ." -c quit
vim :h test1 F1
LOCAL ADDITIONS:

58

 13

Vim script

vi macro
Vim Vim
vimrc syntax/plugin Vim script

vi macro
Vim script
:-)

13.1 macro
macro

Vim script macro

Vim script

13.1.1
Vim
9.7 39 Vim
F1

59

13.1. MACRO

13 Vim script

Vim

<Esc>

Esc

<Tab>

Tab

<Home> Home
<Del>

Del

<CR>

Enter

<Enter>

Enter

<LT>

< < \<

<BS>

Backspace

<Up>

PageUp

<F5>

F5

<C-G>

Ctrl+G

vim :h key-notation
\< cpoptions B B
:set cpoptiions?
:set :autocmd

map

Vim map[!] map map

map!
vmap

Visual mode

nmap Normal mode

imap

Insert mode

omap

Operator-pending mode

cmap

Command-line mode

[] :map <F5> bi{<Esc>ea}<Esc>

F5
60

13.1. MACRO

13 Vim script

bi{<Esc> b i {
Esc
e

a}<Esc>

append }

vim
Vim script

map ,b bi{<Esc>ea}<Esc>
,b , b Vim
1 b braces
:map
n normali insert

nore
:noremap
:vnoremap
:nnoremap
:onoremap
:noremap!
:inoremap
:cnoremap

=>
=>
=>
=>
=>
=>
=>

Normal, Visual and Operator-pending

Visual
Normal
Operator-pending
Insert and Command-line
Insert
Command-line

13.1.2

, b
Vim

61

13.1. MACRO

13 Vim script

[] :ab gl GNU Linux

gl GNU Linux
ab abbreviate gl Sapce
Ctril+] gl GNU Linux Sapce Ctril+]

3.1.2 11 1.4 4
:ia[bbrev]

:ab[breviate]

i
c
!

:ab gl

gl

:una[bbreviate] gl

gl

:ia[bbrev]

:ab

:cb[bbrev]

:ab

:norea[bbrev]

:abc[lear]

:ab

:iabc[lear]

:ia

:cabc[lear]

:ca

13.1.3
Vim
:com[mand][!]

[]

(1)
(2) :X:Next:Print
(3)

Vim script
62

13.2. VIM SCRIPT

13 Vim script

13.1.4
Vim ex

-nargs
-nargs=0
-nargs=1
-nargs=*
-nargs=?
-nargs=+

Tab <args>
<args>

<q-args> <args>
<f-args>

13.2 Vim script

Vim script

63

 14

Vim

Vim Vim script shell Vim

Vim

14.1
mutt/slrn

14.1.1 mutt + vim

# /.muttrc
set editor="vi -c :0;/$"

14.1.2 slrn + vim

# /.slrnrc
set editor_command "vi -c :0;/$ %s"
-c Vim Vim ex
:0;/$
:0
/$

64

14.2.

14 Vim

14.2

14.3 TEX/LATEX
14.4 Java

65

 15

Vim tips

tips
tips

66

Copyright
c 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Edward G.J. Lee
2003 3 3
GNU FDL http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html
license
GNU FDL PDF Copyright
APL(Arphic Public License)
FDL

67

[1] Bram Moolenaar, VIM USER MANUAL

[2] Edward G.J. Lee, Learnning Vim
[3] Steve Oualline, Vi IMproved - Vim

68

*, 43

, 5, 60

., 44

, 46

[..], 44

, 59

[0-9], 45

, 46

[M], 45

, 4

[Tt], 45

, 67

[a-zA-Z], 45

, 4, 60

[. . . ], 44

, 44

$, 45

, 46

&, 48

, 43

, 45

, 4, 60

\+, 43

, 48

\=, 43

, 2

\|, 43

, 60

\>, 46

, 46

\<, 46

, 2

, 47

, 59

, 46

, 5

, 5

, 50

, 5, 60

, 46

, 67

, 5

, 50

anchor pattern, 46

, 48

APL, 67

, 43

awk, 43

, 43
, 5

character classes, 47

, 51

cpoptions, 60

, 46
ed, 5, 43, 44, 46, 48
69

edline, 5

sub-replace-special, 49

elvis, 2, 44

syntax, 59

emacs, 2

tag, 55

escape, 44

tags, 55

esd, 5
ex, 5, 48

vi, 2

Ex , 5
word boundary, 46
FDL, 67
xmeacs, 2

folding, 51
globe, 48
greedy, 50
greedy , 50
grep, 43
help, 48
hyperlink, 55
license, 67
macro, 59
man, 43
metacharacter, 47
nvi, 2
nvi-m17n, 2
pattern, 43, 46
pattern matching notation, 44
perl, 46
perlre, 43
plugin, 59
regexp, 43
regular expression, 43
script, 59
sed, 43
shell, 44
70