Traumatic Brain

Injury
-Paola Santana

What is it?
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a non degenerative, non congenital insult to the
brain from an external mechanical force, possibly leading to permanent or
temporary impairment of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functions, with
an associated diminished or altered state of consciousness.

a form of acquired brain injury

Occurs when a sudden trauma
causes damage to the brain.

What causes it?

-

Bullets
Smashed piece of skull
Falls
Vehicle Accidents
Violence
Assaults

Symptoms
Psychological Symptoms:

Lack of concentration
Slurred Speech
Blurred Vision
Short & Long term memory loss
Difficulty walking

Physical Symptoms:

Dizziness
Seizures
Weakness
Unconsciousness
Numbness
Nausea & Vomiting

How it affects everyday life

Question self ( dont remember a lot, or find themselves lost)

Question the way they think about themselves

Depression, anger, anxiety

Loss/disruption of career or education

Change social activities

How it impacts Children

Physical Impairments:

Cognitive Impairments:

Emotional Impairments:

Speech

Short Term Deficits

Mood Swings

Vision

Impaired concentration

Denial
Lack of Motivation

Hearing

Slowness of Thinking

Headaches

Limited attention Span

Difficulty Controlling

Balance

Reading/Writing

Emotions

Low Self-esteem

How it Impacts Children continued

A brain injury actually has a more devastating impact on a child than an injury
of the same severity has on a mature adult. The cognitive impairments of
children may not be immediately obvious after the injury but may become
apparent as the child gets older and faces increased cognitive and social
expectations for new learning and more complex, socially appropriate
behavior. These delayed effects can create lifetime challenges for living and
learning for children, their families, schools and communities.

Facts

TBIs can be classified in two different categories: Mild or Severe

Every 23 seconds, one person in the U.S. sustains a brain injury

Falls are the leading cause of TBI. Rates are highest for children aged 0-4 years and for adults
aged 75 years and older.

Motor vehicle-traffic injury is the leading cause of TBI-related death. Rates are highest for adults
aged 20-24 years.

Every 7 minutes, someone dies of a brain injury.

75% of persons with TBI who return to work will lose their job within 90 days if they do not have
supports.

The estimated lifetime cost for each survivor of a severe brain injury exceeds $4 million.

After one brain injury, the risk for a second injury is three times greater; after the second injury,
the risk for a third injury is eight times greater.

Teaching Strategies

Attention/Concentration

Memory

Organization

Questions
1. There are two ways TBIs can be classified as. What are they?

2. Children who have brain injuries can carry the same symptoms as adults
with TBIs. True or False?

Is it Curable?
There has been no evidence of an instant cure found for TBIs.
But, there are a variety of treatments for them.
1.

Immediate Emergency Care

2.

Medication/Drugs

3.

Surgery

4.

Rehabilitation

Sources
"Brain Injury in Children." Children and Brain Injury - BIAA. N.p., 2015. Web. 20 Nov. 2016
"Facts About Brain Injury - Brain Injury Alliance of Utah." Brain Injury Alliance of Utah. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2016.
Lash, Marilyn. "Teaching Strategies, by Students' Proficiency in Mathematics." (2016): n. pag. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.
"Living with Traumatic Brain Injury." Living with Traumatic Brain Injury - Brain Injury Resource | BrainLine.org. N.p., n.d.
Web. 20 Nov. 2016.
Nordqvist, Christian. Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 4 Mar. 2016. Web. 20 Nov. 2016.
"Traumatic Brain Injury." Traumatic Brain Injury Treatments and Drugs - Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic Staff, 15 May 2014. Web.
20 Nov. 2016.
"What Impact Will Mild TBI Have on a Person's Life?" What Impact Will Mild TBI Have on a Person's Life? N.p., 2013. Web.
20 Nov. 2016.