Washington metropolitan area

2 Composition

This article is about the metropolitan area encompassing

the capital of the United States. For other uses, see
Washington metropolitan area (disambiguation).
The Washington metropolitan area is the metropolitan
area centered on Washington, D.C., the capital of the
United States. The area includes all of the federal district
and parts of the U.S. states of Maryland and Virginia,
along with a small portion of West Virginia.
The Washington metropolitan area is the most educated
and, by some measures, the most auent metropolitan
area in the United States.[3] As of the 2014 U.S. Census Bureau estimate, the population of the Washington
metropolitan area was estimated to be 6,097,684, making it the largest metropolitan area in the Southeast and
the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the country.[4]

Nomenclature

Satellite photo of the Washington metropolitan area

The U.S. Oce of Management and Budget denes

the area as the WashingtonArlingtonAlexandria,
DCVAMDWV metropolitan statistical area, a
metropolitan statistical area used for statistical purposes
by the United States Census Bureau and other agencies. The regions three largest cities are the federal
territory of Washington, D.C., the county (and Censusdesignated place) of Arlington, and the independent city
of Alexandria. The Oce of Management and Budget also includes the metropolitan statistical area as part
of the larger BaltimoreWashington metropolitan area,
which has a population of 9,546,579 as of the 2014 Census Estimate.[5]
The area is also sometimes referred to as the National
Capital Region, particularly by federal agencies such Map highlighting labor patterns of regional counties
as the military[6] Department of Homeland Security.[7]
Another term used to describe the region is the D.C. The U.S. Census Bureau divides the Washington statistiArea. The area is increasingly referred to as the DMV, cal metropolitan area into two metropolitan divisions:[9]
a shorthand for the District of Columbia, Maryland, and
Virginia.[1][8] The area in the region that is surrounded by
WashingtonArlingtonAlexandria, DCVAMD
Interstate 495 is also referred to as being "inside the BeltWV Metropolitan Division, comprising the majority
way". The city of Washington, which is at the center of
of the metropolitan area
the area, is referred to as the District because it is the
Silver SpringFrederickRockville, MD Metropolifederal District of Columbia, and is not part of any state.
tan Division, consisting of Montgomery and FrederThe Virginian portion of the region is known as Northern
Virginia.
ick counties
1

4 PRINCIPAL CITIES
Manassas Park

Prince William County

Rappahannock County
Spotsylvania County
Staord County

Fredericksburg

Warren County
Washington, D.C. metropolitan area map

2.1.4 West Virginia

Note that metropolitan area and metropolitan statistical
area should not be confused with Metropolitan Division.

2.1

Political subdivisions

3 Regional organizations

The area includes the following counties, districts, and

3.1
independent cities:[9]
2.1.1

2.1.2

District of Columbia
Washington
Maryland

Calvert County

Charles County

Frederick County

Montgomery County

Prince Georges County

2.1.3

Virginia

Alexandria

Arlington County

Clarke County

Culpeper County

Fairfax County

Jeerson County

Metropolitan Washington Council of

Governments

Founded in 1957, the Metropolitan Washington Council

of Governments (MWCOG) is a regional organization of
21 Washington-area local governments, as well as area
members of the Maryland and Virginia state legislatures,
the U.S. Senate, and the U.S. House of Representatives.
MWCOG provides a forum for discussion and the development of regional responses to issues regarding the environment, transportation, public safety, homeland security, aordable housing, community planning, and economic development.[10]
The National Capital Region Transportation Planning
Board, a component of MWCOG, is the federally
designated metropolitan planning organization for the
metropolitan Washington area.[11]

4 Principal cities

Fairfax
Falls Church
Fauquier County

Loudoun County

Manassas

View of downtown Washington, with the northern skyline of Arlington in the background. The skyline of Tysons Corner is visible
in the horizon.

5.1

Politics

The metropolitan area includes the following principal

cities (not all of which are incorporated as cities; one,
Arlington, is actually a county, and another, Bethesda,
is not even a city, simply a census-designated unincorporated area):[12]
Washington, D.C.
Arlington, Virginia
Alexandria, Virginia
Bethesda, Maryland
Frederick, Maryland

5.1 Politics
The relative strength of the major political parties within
the region is shown by the presidential election results
since 1960, as presented in the adjacent table.

5.2 Racial composition

The area has been a magnet for international immigration
since the late 1960s. It is also a magnet for internal migration (persons moving from one region of the U.S. to
another).[13] Census estimates show that persons of post1965 immigrant stock will likely represent 25% of the
regions population by 2010, forming a bigger population
bloc than native blacks for the rst time.[14]

Gaithersburg, Maryland

Racial composition of the Washington, D.C. area:

Reston, Virginia

2011 American Community Survey

Rockville, Maryland
Silver Spring, Maryland

Non-Hispanic White : 48.2%

Black or African American : 25.3%
Hispanic or Latino : 14.1%

Demographics

Asian : 9.3%
Mixed and Other : 3.1%
2010 U.S. Census
White : 54.8%
Black : 25.8%
Asian : 9.3%
Hispanic : 13.8% (4.1% Salvadoran, 2.1% Mexican, 1.1% Colombian, 0.9% Guatemalan, 0.9%
Puerto Rican, 0.8% Peruvian, 0.7% Honduran,
0.7% Bolivian)
Mixed and Other : 3.7%
2006[15]
White : 51.7%
Black : 26.3%
Asian : 8.4%
Hispanic : 11.6%

The southern portion of the Capital Beltway along the Potomac

River, featuring portions of Washington, D.C., Maryland, and
Virginia.
Old Town Alexandria, Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling, and
National Harbor, Maryland are visible.

Mixed and Other : 2.0%

1980
White : 67.8%

6 ECONOMY
Black : 26.0%
Asian : 2.5%
Hispanic : 2.8%
Mixed and Other : 0.9%

among municipalities in the region 11th if Howard is

included and 23rd in the entire United States. 12.2% of
Northern Virginias 881,136 households, 8.5% of suburban Marylands 799,300 households, and 8.2% of Washingtons 249,805 households have an annual income in
excess of $200,000, compared to 3.7% nationally.[21]

According to a report by the American Human Development Project, women in the Washington metropolitan
5.3 Social indicators
area are ranked as having the highest income and educaThe Washington metropolitan area has ranked as the tional attainment among the 25 most populous metropolihighest-educated metropolitan area in the nation for four tan areas in the nation, while Asian American women
region had the highest life expectancy, at 92.3
decades.[16] As of the 20062008 American Commu- in the[22]
years.
nity Survey, the three most educated places with 200,000
people or more in WashingtonArlingtonAlexandria
by bachelors degree attainment (population 25 and
over) are Arlington, Virginia (68.0%), Fairfax County, 6 Economy
Virginia (58.8%), and Montgomery County, Maryland
(56.4%).[17] Forbes magazine stated in its 2008 Americas Best- And Worst-Educated Cities report: The
D.C. area is less than half the size of L.A., but both cities
have around 100,000 Ph.D.'s.[18]
The Washington, D.C. metro area has held the top spot
in the American College of Sports Medicine's annual
American Fitness Index ranking of the United States 50
most populous metropolitan areas for two years running.
The report cites, among other things, the high average
tness level and healthy eating habits of residents, the
widespread availability of health care and facilities such
as swimming pools, tennis courts, and parks, low rates of
obesity and tobacco use relative to the national average, Rosslyn is home to the tallest high-rises in the region, partly due to
many of the regions
and the high median household income as contributors to the Districts height restrictions. As a result,[23][24]
tallest buildings are outside the city proper.
[19]
the citys community health.
The various agencies of the Federal Government employ
over 140,000 professionals in the Washington D.C. area.
A sizable number in the Washington D.C. area work for
defense and civilian contracting companies that conduct
business directly with the Federal Government (many of
these rms are referred to as 'Beltway Bandits' under the
local vernacular). As a result, the Federal Government
provides the underlying basis of the economy in the region. However, the Washington D.C. area is increasingly
home to a diverse segment of businesses not directly related to the Federal Government.

The average household income within a 5-mile (8 km) radius of

Tysons Corner Center is $174,809.[20]

In the 21st century, the Washington metropolitan area

has overtaken the San Francisco Bay Area as the highestincome metropolitan area in the nation.[3] The median
household income of the region is US$72,800. The two
highest median household income counties in the nation
Loudoun and Fairfax County, Virginia are components of the MSA (and #3 is Howard County, ocially
in Baltimore's sphere but strongly connected with Washingtons); measured in this way, Alexandria ranks 10th

The Washington, D.C. area has the largest science and

engineering work force of any metropolitan area in the
nation in 2006 according to the Greater Washington Initiative at 324,530, ahead of the combined San Francisco
Bay Area work force of 214,500, and Chicago metropolitan area at 203,090, citing data from U.S. Census Bureau,
the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Claritas Inc., and other
sources.[3]
The Washington, D.C. area was ranked as the second best
High-Tech Center in a statistical analysis of the top 100
Metropolitan areas in the United States by American City
Business Journals in May 2009, behind the Silicon Valley and ahead of the Boston metropolitan area.[25] Fu-

6.2

Largest companies

eling the metropolitan areas ranking was the reported

241,264 tech jobs in the region, a total eclipsed only by
New York, Los Angeles, and the combined San JoseSan
FranciscoOakland regions, as well as the highest masters or doctoral degree attainment among the 100 ranked
metropolitan areas.[25] A Dice.com report showed that
the WashingtonBaltimore area had the second-highest
number of tech jobs listed: 8,289, after the New York
metro area with 9,195 jobs.[26]

5
nomic Research, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Defense contracting

Many defense contractors are based in the region to be

close to the Pentagon in Arlington. Local defense contractors include Lockheed Martin, the largest, as well as
Raytheon, General Dynamics, BAE Systems, Northrup
Grumman,[28] Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC),
Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC),
The Washington D.C. area is home to hundreds of ma- CACI, and Orbital Sciences Corporation.
jor research universities, think tanks, and non-prot organizations. Additionally, Washington, D.C. is a top
tourism destination as ocks of Americans and foreigners from around the world visit the museums and monu- 6.2 Largest companies
ments of the Capital city year round with the peak season being during the spring and summer months of April See also: List of companies headquartered in Northern
through August. Moreover, the Washington D.C. area Virginia
attracts tens of major conferences and conventions each The following Fortune 500 companies are headquartered
year which also contribute greatly to the regions economy.
Changes in house prices for the D.C. area are publicly
tracked on a regular basis using the CaseShiller index;
the statistic is published by Standard & Poors and is also a
component of S&Ps 10-city composite index of the value
of the U.S. residential real estate market.
McLean ZIP code 22102 had the highest median
home prices among ZIP codes within the Washington
metropolitan area as of 2013.[27]

6.1

Primary industries

Gannett Company headquarters in Tysons Corner.

in the region:[29]

6.3 History

NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda.

See also: List of federal installations in Maryland and

List of federal agencies in Northern Virginia
Biotechnology
Not limited to its proximity to the National Institutes of
Health, Marylands Washington suburbs are a major center for biotechnology. Prominent local biotech companies include GSK, MedImmune, The Institute for Ge-

NGA headquarters in Fort Belvoir.

The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure resulted in

a signicant shuing of military, civilian, and defense contractor employees in the Washington D.C. area.
The largest individual site impacts of the time are as
follows:[30]

7 TRANSPORTATION
Fort Belvoir gained 11,858 employees, primarily as
a result of the relocation of the National GeospatialIntelligence Agency (NGA) into a massive new
headquarters within the fort.
Fort Lee gained 7,344 mostly military employees.
Fort Meade gained 5,361 employees, primarily as
a result of the expansion of the National Security
Agency.
Walter Reed Army Medical Center lost 5,630 employees as part of its realignment. It was later closed
and consolidated into Walter Reed National Military
Medical Center.
The Metro Center station on the Washington Metro

BRAC 2005 was the largest infrastructure expansion by

the Army Corps of Engineers since World War II, resulting in the Mark Center, tallest building they have ever 7.2 Rail transit systems
constructed, as well as National Geospatial-Intelligence
Washington Metro DC, MD, VA (rapid transit)
Agency Campus East, which at 2.4 million square feet is
(WMATA)
the largest building the Corps have constructed since the
[31]
Pentagon.
MARC Train DC, MD, WV (commuter rail)

Transportation

Virginia Railway Express DC, VA (commuter rail)

Amtrak US (commuter rail, inter-city rail)

Main article: Transportation in Washington, D.C.

'WMATA'-indicated systems are run by Washington 7.3

Bus transit systems

DC Circulator Washington, D.C. (DDoT,

WMATA)
Metrobus
(WMATA)

Washington

metropolitan

area

Metroway Arlington County, Virginia and

Alexandria, Virginia (bus rapid transit) (WMATA)
Ride On Montgomery County, Maryland
TheBus Prince Georges County, Maryland
Washington Dulles International Airport

Metropolitan Area Transit Authority and always accept

Washington Metro fare cards, others may or may not.

ART Arlington County, Virginia

DASH Alexandria, Virginia
Fairfax Connector Fairfax County, Virginia

7.1

Major airports

CUE Bus Fairfax, Virginia

Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD), located in Dulles, Virginia the busiest in the region

Loudoun County Transit Loudoun County, Virginia

Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport

(DCA), located in Arlington County, Virginia the
closest to Washington

PRTC Prince William County, Manassas and

Manassas Park

BaltimoreWashington International Thurgood

Marshall Airport (BWI), located in Linthicum,
Maryland in the Baltimore metropolitan area and
the busiest in the Baltimore-Washington area

TransIT Frederick County, Maryland

Regional Transportation Agency of Central Maryland Howard County, Anne Arundel County,
Prince Georges County, Laurel, Maryland

8.2

Media

Maryland Transit Administration Washington,

D.C., Montgomery County, Maryland, Prince
Georges County, Frederick County, Maryland,
Charles County, Maryland, Calvert County, Maryland, Howard County, Anne Arundel County, Saint
Marys County, Maryland

7
Arena Football League (AFL)
Washington Valor
National Womens Soccer League (NWSL)
Washington Spirit

Eastern Panhandle Transit Authority Jeerson

County, West Virginia, Berkeley County, West Vir- 8.2
ginia

Media

Virginia Regional Transit Loudoun County, Vir- Main article: Media in Washington, D.C.
ginia, Fauquier County, Virginia, Warren County,
Virginia
The Washington metropolitan area is home to USA Today, C-SPAN, PBS, NPR, POLITICO, BET, TV One
Fredericksburg Regional Transit Fredericksburg, and Discovery Communications. The two main newsSpotsylvania County and Staord County
papers are The Washington Post and The Washington Times. Local television channels include WRCTV 4 (NBC), WTTG 5 (FOX), WJLA 7 (ABC),
7.4 Bicycle sharing systems
WUSA 9 (CBS), WDCA 20 (MyNetworkTV), WETA Capital Bikeshare - Washington, D.C., Arlington, TV 26 (PBS), WDCW 50 (CW), and WPXW 66 (Ion).
Virginia, Alexandria, Virginia, and Montgomery NewsChannel 8 is a 24/7 local news provider available
only to cable subscribers. Radio stations serving the area
County, Maryland
include: WETA-FM, WIHT, WMAL-AM, and WTOP.

Culture

8.1

Sports teams

Further information: Sports in Washington, D.C.

Listing of the professional sports teams in the Washington
metropolitan area:
National Basketball Association (NBA)
Washington Wizards
Major League Baseball (MLB)
Washington Nationals
National Football League (NFL)
Washington Redskins
National Hockey League (NHL)
Washington Capitals
Major League Soccer (MLS)
D.C. United
Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA)
Washington Mystics
Atlantic League of Professional Baseball (ALPB)
Southern Maryland Blue Crabs

9 Area codes
202 Washington, D.C.
571/703 Northern Virginia including the cities of
Alexandria, Fairfax, and Falls Church as well as Arlington, Fairfax, and Loudoun counties (571 created
1 March 2000; 703 in October 1947).
240/301 portions of Maryland in the Greater
Washington, D.C. metro area, southern Maryland,
and western Maryland
540 Fredericksburg/Spotsylvania/Warrenton
304 Jeerson County, West Virginia

10 Sister cities
[1] Paris is a Partner City due to the one Sister City policy
of that commune.
[2] Historic Alexandria | City of Alexandria, VA.
Oha.alexandriava.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
[3] Exploration phase
[4] Town twin
[5] Rejected by Washington due to not being a national
capital.
[6] Sisterhood Partnerships. Fairfaxcounty.gov. Retrieved
2012-11-19.

12

11

See also

List of people from the Washington, D.C.

metropolitan area
List of U.S. metropolitan statistical areas in Virginia
Potomac primary
Northeast megalopolis

12

References

[1] After initial obscurity, 'The DMV' nickname for Washington area picks up speed. Washington Post. July 30,
2010.
[2] (Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas)
[3] Washington area richest, most educated in US: report.
Washingtonpost.com. 2006-06-08. Retrieved 2012-1119.
[4] Four Texas Metro Areas Collectively Add More Than
400,000 People in the Last Year, Census Bureau Reports.
United States Census Bureau.
[5] . Census.gov. Retrieved on 2016-01-12.
[6] http://www.capitalregionupdates.gov/go/doc/4063/
1130963/About-the-National-Capital-Region-NCR[7] National Capital Region Oce of National Capital Region Coordination. Department of Homeland Security.
December 21, 2005. Archived from the original on 200712-12. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
[8] Yager, Jane (July 30, 2010). Nations Capitol Now
Known as 'the DMV'". Newser. Retrieved March 11,
2016. an increasingly known and used acronym for District / Maryland / Virginia
[9] Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas,
Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical
Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These
Areas (PDF). Oce of Management and Budget. February 20, 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-09.
[10] About Us. MWCOG.org. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
[11] " Transportation TPB. Mwcog.org. Retrieved 201211-19.
[12] OMB Bulletin No. 13-01: Revised Delineations of
Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical
Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on
Uses of the Delineations of These Areas (PDF). U.S. Ofce of Management and Budget. February 28, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
[13] Metro Magnets for Minorities and Whites: Melting Pots,
the New Sunbelt, and the Heartland (PDF). Retrieved
2012-11-19.

REFERENCES

[14] Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Age,

Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin for Counties: April 1,
2000 to July 1, 2007. Archived from the original on June
10, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
[15] Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex,
Race Alone and Hispanic or Latino Origin for Counties:
April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006. Archived from the original
on June 10, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
[16] de Vise, Daniel (2010-07-15). Washington region
ranks as the best-educated in the country. Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
[17] 20062008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates. Census.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
[18] Zumbrun, Joshua (2008-11-24). Americas Best- And
Worst-Educated Cities. Forbes.com. Retrieved 201211-19.
[19] Washington, DC (WashingtonArlingtonAlexandria,
DCVAMDWV MSA) 2010 AFI Report (PDF). Retrieved 2010-05-26.
[20] Macerich Tysons Corner Center Market Prole (PDF).
[21] ACS 20052007. Census.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
[22] Women'S Well-Being (PDF). Retrieved 2012-11-19.
[23] Downey, Kirstin (2007-05-06). High-Rises Approved
That Would Dwarf D.C. Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
[24] List of tallest buildings in DC, MD, VA, WV. Skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
[25] The top 100 tech centers. Bizjournals. 2009-05-11.
Archived from the original on February 16, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
[26] Nathan Eddy (2012-03-13). Tech Jobs Flourish in Silicon Valley, but Other Regions Oer Opportunities: Dice
Report. Eweek.com. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
[27] Brennan, Morgan. Americas Most Expensive Zip Codes
In 2013: The Complete List. Forbes. Archived from the
original on March 4, 2016.
[28] Censer, Marjorie (July 30, 2010). Defense rm Northrop
Grummans second-quarter prot rose nearly 81 percent.
The Washington Post.
[29] Fortune 500. Fortune.com.
[30] Appendix C BRAC 2005 Closure and Realignment Impacts by State
[31] Justin Matthew Ward (14 September 2011). BRAC
2005: on time, on budget in Northeast. army.mil.

13

External links

OMB Bulletin No. 05-02

Urban Areas of Virginia
May 2006 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area
Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates;
WashingtonArlingtonAlexandria, DCVAMD
WV Metropolitan Division
May 2005 Metropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates; Washington
ArlingtonAlexandria,
DCVAMDWV
Metropolitan Division
WashingtonArlingtonAlexandria, DCVAMD
WV MSA Population and Components of Change
Coordinates:
385312.33N
38.8867583N 77.0416250W

77229.85W

10

14

14
14.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Washington metropolitan area Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area?oldid=750926104 Contributors:

Cherkash, WhisperToMe, Topbanana, Moncrief, SterlingNorth, Neutrality, RossPatterson, Patricknoddy, Rich Farmbrough, Bender235,
Dcseain, Acntx, Anthony Appleyard, Polarscribe, Buaidh, BLueFiSH.as, Boothy443, The JPS, Firsfron, Timtom27, Rtcpenguin, BD2412,
Vegaswikian, SchuminWeb, Je02, Neitherday, Sceptre, Arado, Red Slash, Manop, Derek.cashman, 007bond, Kmusser, Acer, D Monack,
West Virginian, SmackBot, Skudrafan1, Criticalthinker, Kudzu1, Gilliam, Polaron, MPD01605, Chris the speller, Jprg1966, Je5102,
Cripipper, Crzytwnman, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Stupid Corn, JHP, Otavio dc, Thedemonhog, N2e, Old Guard, Yopienso, Cydebot,
Daven200520, JohnInDC, Mojo Hand, Atillidie13, JustAGal, Brrryan, Thomasmallen, Dricherby, PhilKnight, Bigdarrryl, Magioladitis,
Appraiser, Swpb, Tedickey, Rrbeatty, The Anomebot2, Ashley.margery, Patriarca12, R'n'B, Adavidb, Wkandy26, Shawn in Montreal,
Lilpinoy 82, Largoplazo, Funandtrvl, Lwalt, VolkovBot, WOSlinker, Vipinhari, Id4abel, Alquitos, UnitedStatesian, Everything counts,
Logan, Millerlc3, Jordantessler, Taylorluker, Presidentman, Hippie Metalhead, Grokamok, Nzo9, Supertouch, Versus22, Emmette Hernandez Coleman, Jovianeye, Dthomsen8, MystBot, Sha721, Addbot, Leszek Jaczuk, Epicadam, Favonian, Ikara, IOLJe, Kold9, Folklore1, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Jb9000, AnomieBOT, Carpar201, Materialscientist, LilHelpa, Donpayette, BritishWatcher, Ten-pint, Hiersgarr,
Vdjj1960, FrescoBot, DrilBot, Cnwilliams, Waveshi, Train2104, IRISZOOM, RjwilmsiBot, Fiftytwo thirty, Toneythegreat, EmausBot,
John of Reading, GoingBatty, Kshaheed, Shearonink, Illegitimate Barrister, H3llBot, Eniagrom, UrbanNerd, Codyeasyas123, ChuispastonBot, Crown Prince, Socialservice, GoUrban, Obamapinoy1982, Baseball Watcher, Snotbot, 08OceanBeach SD, Antiqueight, BG19bot,
Dakker44, Northamerica1000, TomBrodshaw, Compfreak7, The Determinator, Mdy66, TBrandley, Aisteco, Lieutenant of Melkor, Dubk,
Buzzards-Watch Me Work, Cyberbot II, Cairochris, Hmainsbot1, 93, Ryantheravensfan, Prouder Mary, Epicgenius, Jc7792, Marxistfounder, BobfromtheBeltway, Dwscomet, Kuyi123w, Amiami3, Marchjuly, MuppetHammer26II, Trackteur, Ryewalters11, Loraof, Washingtonredskins232323, Matt.r.eldridge, Carlosialfonsod, Drwrestle, Cbrocke99, MB298, TheBlueIguana, Thare, Dogbossssss, GreenC bot,
Jeremiahfullerhackley and Anonymous: 149

14.2

Images

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County%2C_Virginia.png License: Public domain Contributors: This le was derived from: Seal of Clarke County, Virginia.png
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Seal_of_Clarke_County,_Virginia.png' class='image'><img alt='Seal of Clarke County, Virginia.png' src='https://upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Seal_of_Clarke_County%2C_Virginia.png/16px-Seal_of_Clarke_County%2C_Virginia.png'
width='16' height='20' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Seal_of_Clarke_County%2C_Virginia.
png/24px-Seal_of_Clarke_County%2C_Virginia.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Seal_of_
Clarke_County%2C_Virginia.png/32px-Seal_of_Clarke_County%2C_Virginia.png 2x' data-le-width='125' data-le-height='155'
/></a> Seal of Clarke County, Virginia.png.
File:Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: user:Nightstallion
File:Flag_of_Estonia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: http://www.riigikantselei.ee/?id=73847 Original artist: Originally drawn by User:SKopp. Blue colour changed by User:PeepP
to match the image at [1].

14.2

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File:Flag_of_Fairfax_County,_Virginia.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Flag_of_Fairfax_
County%2C_Virginia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This vector image includes elements that have been taken or adapted
from this: <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_Fairfax_County,_Virginia.svg' class='image'><img alt='Seal of
Fairfax County,
Virginia.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_Fairfax_County%2C_
Virginia.svg/20px-Seal_of_Fairfax_County%2C_Virginia.svg.png' width='20' height='20' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_Fairfax_County%2C_Virginia.svg/30px-Seal_of_Fairfax_County%2C_Virginia.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_Fairfax_County%2C_Virginia.svg/40px-Seal_of_
Fairfax_County%2C_Virginia.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='428' data-le-height='427' /></a> Seal of Fairfax County, Virginia.svg.
Original artist:
<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Fry1989' title='User:Fry1989'>Fry1989</a>
<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Fry1989' title='User talk:Fry1989'>eh?</a>

File:Flag_of_France.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?

File:Flag_of_Frederick_County,_Maryland.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Flag_of_Frederick_
County%2C_Maryland.png License: Public domain Contributors: https://fbexternal-a.akamaihd.net/ Original artist: James Pearl
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Original artist: ?
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File:Flag_of_Loudoun_County,_Virginia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Flag_of_Loudoun_
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Montgomery_County%2C_Maryland.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work
http://www6.montgomerycountymd.gov/
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Palmtree3000 (SVG)

File:Flag_of_Prince_George{}s_County,_Maryland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Flag_of_

Prince_George%27s_County%2C_Maryland.svg License: Public domain Contributors: https://web.archive.org/web/20161021161357/
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Charles Beckwith of Patuxent
Flag: Prince Georges County government
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Prince_William_County%2C_Virginia.png License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.crwflags.com/ Original artist: Supervisors
of Prince William County
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Contributors: Original upload from Openclipart : Senegal. However, the current source code for this SVG le has almost nothing in
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File:Flag_of_Virginia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: It is from the xrmap ag collection, specically usa_virginia.svg in ags-2.6-src.tar.bz2. The README le in that collection
says of the SVG ags We release them in the public domain. The blue color has been redone based on vexilla-mundi. Original artist:
Commonwealth of Virginia
File:Flag_of_Washington,_D.C..svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.
.svg License: Public domain Contributors: own code according to Construction Details (Government of the District of Columbia, untitled monograph, 1963, pp. 21-23. Original artist: (of code) cs:User:-xfi File:Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: Militaryace & Denelson83, some elements used are from the xrmap ag collection 2.7. Original artist:
Militaryace, Denelson83

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TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Flag_of_

the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Nightstallion
File:Flag_of_the_People{}s_Republic_of_China.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Flag_of_the_
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design.html Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, redrawn by User:Denelson83 and User:Zscout370
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Contributors: http://www.federalnewsradio.com/?nid=97&sid=2564726 image 3/11 full image Original artist: Photo: National
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