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The agriculture sector in Rwanda employs 90% of the labour force, but the food and nutrition needs of the population cannot presently be met. Despite its high potential, agriculture does not contribute substantial revenue to the economy. The overal aim of an IMP for Rwanda was to develop and manage water resources to promote intensive and sustainable irrigated agriculture.
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Aagw2010 June 10 Meshack Nyabenge Development of an Irrigation Master Plan for Rwanda
The agriculture sector in Rwanda employs 90% of the labour force, but the food and nutrition needs of the population cannot presently be met. Despite its high potential, agriculture does not contribute substantial revenue to the economy. The overal aim of an IMP for Rwanda was to develop and manage water resources to promote intensive and sustainable irrigated agriculture.
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The agriculture sector in Rwanda employs 90% of the labour force, but the food and nutrition needs of the population cannot presently be met. Despite its high potential, agriculture does not contribute substantial revenue to the economy. The overal aim of an IMP for Rwanda was to develop and manage water resources to promote intensive and sustainable irrigated agriculture.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
Introduction • Although the agriculture sector in Rwanda employs 90% of the labour force, the food and nutrition needs of the population cannot presently be met, as evidenced by the high prevalence of malnutrition (MINECOFIN 2002). • Moreover, agriculture, despite its high potential, does not contribute substantial revenue to the economy. Rwandan agriculture is primarily undertaken at the subsistence level, providing little surplus for local markets. Introduction • The introduction of irrigation, together with associated agricultural operations, can greatly change this situation. • As a first step towards changing this situation, the Government of Rwanda through its Ministry of Agriculture initiated a study to develop an Irrigation Master Plan (IMP). • The overal aim of an IMP for Rwanda was to develop and manage water resources to promote intensive and sustainable irrigated agriculture and to improve food security. Objective of IMP The planning tool will support decision making by: • identifying the most favourable areas to establish irrigation water infrastructure; • prioritizing distribution of irrigation water; • identifying means of transporting water to selected sites; and • Establishing irrigated agriculture in small-, medium- and large-scale projects on hillsides, marshlands and other topographically suitable areas. Data requirements • In this study, GIS was used as the central tool for data handling and analysis. • Data collected for analysis in a GIS environment were categorized into four groups: – Administrative and infrastructural: political subdivisions, roads, electricity; – Land and soils: land use, land cover, geology, lithology, geomorphology, soil types, topographic data; – Climate: temperature, precipitation, PET, ACZs; – Water resources: hydrology - hydrography, hydrogeology. IMP Planning tool • In order to produce the IMP, ICRAF developed a flow chart matrix that guides in identification of arable areas and water sources. • The matrix uses MCA in GIS a environment to map biophysical and socioeconomic parameters for irrigation. • The matrix also assesses the financial and economic issues involved in the implementation of each irrigation scenario (currently on going) IRRIGATION MASTER PLAN FLOW CHART The Flow Chart depicts the process & activities culminating in the production of the IMP along with its validation through piloting.
Slope and Relief Produce maps showing suitable
Analyze slope & relief data slope/relief by ranks & watersheds.
Soil Type Produce maps showing suitable
Analyze pedological data soils & ranking for irrigation
Land use/Vegetation Produce Map showing land
Analyze land use data use/Land cover Climatic data Produce maps depicting climatic Analyze climatological data ≥ 30 year aspects. period
Rainwater partitioning at national level
Rainfall Runoff Surface water Groundwater
potentials potential potentials potentials
Use ranking to run
Produce water Produce a water balance MCA Level 1 in GIS potential maps environment Produce district plan maps 7 Study methodology DEM Annual average precipitation Annual average temperature Sub-basins Water resources The GIS methodology Fields with potential for irrigated agriculture would fulfill the following criteria expressed as a series of conditions: • Well-drained sandy clay to clay, deep soil • Up to 40% slope (although 16–40% slopes are discouraged unless tree crops are planted or radical terraces are established to avoid landslides—detailed studies must therefore be conducted on sites with these slope categories) • Political location (province, district, sector) • Location outside gazetted areas (national parks, forests, protected marshlands, urban areas) • Specific ACZ • Proximity to electricity (to power the pumps) • Accessibility (roads) • Proximity to water resources. P/PET ratio Slope classes Soil suitability Results In order to utilise the least-cost technological options for water abstraction and distribution, the IMP partitioned the country into six irrigation domains. Rwanda’s irrigation domains are thus categorized as: • Runoff for small reservoirs • Runoff for dams • Direct river and flood water • Lake water resources • Groundwater resources • Marshlands Irrigation water sources domains Rainwater partitioning Potential Dam Sites River water Domains Lake water Domains Summary of potential irrigable areas The assessment of Rwanda’s irrigation potential indicates that the country has a national irrigation potential of 589 713 ha, taking into consideration the following domains: • Runoff for small reservoirs (125 627 ha) • Runoff for dams (27 907 ha) • Direct river and flood water (79 847 ha) • Lake water resources (100 107 ha) • Groundwater resources (36 432 ha) • Marshlands (219 793 ha) Examples of District plan maps