Fatigue
Creep
An oil tanker that fractured in a brittle manner by crack propagation around its girth.
Dr.Peerapong Triyacharoen
144
Kasetsart University
Very
Ductile
Modulate
Ductile
Brittle
Moderate
Small
Ductile fracture is
desirable!
Ductile:
warning before fracture
Brittle:
No warning
145
Kasetsart University
Brittle failure:
--many pieces
--small deformation
Dr.Peerapong Triyacharoen
146
Kasetsart University
Resulting
fracture
surfaces
void
nucleation
void growth
and linkage
shearing
at surface
fracture
50 50
mmm
(steel)
Particles serve as
void nucleation
sites.
Dr.Peerapong Triyacharoen
100 m
147
Kasetsart University
Brittle Fracture
Trangranular (between grains)
4 mm
1 mm
Dr.Peerapong Triyacharoen
304 S. Steel
Polypropylene
160m
3m
316 S. Steel
Al Oxide
148
Kasetsart University
Impact Testing
Dr.Peerapong Triyacharoen
149
Kasetsart University
Brittle
More Ductile
Dr.Peerapong Triyacharoen
150
Kasetsart University
151
Kasetsart University
Fatigue
Fatigue = failure under cyclic stress.
specimen
compression on top
bearing
bearing
motor
counter
flex coupling
tension on bottom
max
m
min
S
time
152
Kasetsart University
S = stress amplitude
unsafe
Sfat
103
case for
steel (typ.)
safe
105
107
109
N = Cycles to failure
S = stress amplitude
Sometimes, the
fatigue limit is zero!
unsafe
case for
Al (typ.)
safe
103
Dr.Peerapong Triyacharoen
105
107
109
N = Cycles to failure
153
Kasetsart University
1. Impose a compressive
surface stress
N = Cycles to failure
--Method 2: carburizing
C-rich gas
put
surface
into
compression
2. Remove stress
concentrators.
Dr.Peerapong Triyacharoen
bad
better
bad
better
154
Kasetsart University
Creep
Occurs at elevated temperature, T > 0.4 Tmelt
Deformation changes with time.
strain,
INCREASING T
tertiary
t
primary
secondary
elastic
T < 0.4 Tm
0
Dr.Peerapong Triyacharoen
time
155