TRIGONOMETRY 2

(TRIGONOMETRI 2)

Kompetensi dasar : Kemampuan merancang dan menyelesaikan model matematika yang

berkaitan dengan fungsi trigonometri sinus dan kosinus serta
menafsirkan hasil yang diperoleh

A. Sine Rule
The sine rule is a set of triangle of equations which connects the lengths of the sides of any
triangle with the sines of the angles of triangle. The triangle does not have to be right angled for the
sine rule to be used.
A

From ABC, we drawn in the perpendicular line AH (so that we

shall have two right-angled triangles).

Then, in ABH
h
so h = c . sin B
sin B =
c
Then, in ACH
h
sin C = so h = b . sin C
b
So we can say c . sin B = b . sin C. Therefore
c
b
=
sin C
sin B
We could equally have drawn the triangle in such a way that we used A and a.
Therefore, by symmetry, we have
The Sine Rule
a
b
c
=
=
sin A
sin B sin C
Example :
Find the length of Ac correct to two decimal place!
A
12 cm

58

39

Answer :
A
12 cm

58

b
39

By the sine rule

b
c

=
sin B
sin C
b
12

=
sin 58
sin 39
12
. 0,8480

b=
0,6293

b = 16,17074
So AC is 16,17 cm long.

Exercise 2. 1
1. Find the value of x!
a.

c.

b.

x cm

x cm
115

5 cm

11 cm

45
48

30

23 cm

37

48

x cm

2. Find the measure of :

a. Angle A if a = 17 cm, b = 10 cm and ABC = 30
b. Angle B if BC = 2 m, AC = 3 cm and BAC = 40
c. Angle C if c = 10 dm, a = 3 dm and BAC = 45
3. Find all unknown sides and angles of :
a. ABC, A = 45, a = 5 and b = 7
b. KLM, L = 30, l = 8 and m = 5
4. Dari puncak gunung seorang pendaki melihat suatu kota dengan sudut depresi 35. Setelah itu ia
turun sejauh 1500m, ia melihat kota tadi dengan sudut depresi 20. Tentukan jarak kota dengan
kaki gunung!

B. Cosine Rule
To get cos rule, we start with a general-shaped triangle like we did with the sin rule. And label
it in same sort of way, except that this time we let length BH = x. (See the figure below)
A

H C
a
In ABH, using Pythagoras Theorem, we have
c2 = h2 + x2 so x2 = c2 h2
(i)
CH = a x
So, in AHC, we have
b2 = h2 + (a x)2
b2 = h2 + a2 2ax + x2
b2 = h2 + a2 2ax + c2 h2
(because x2 = c2 h2)
2
2
2
b = a + c 2ax
(ii)
In ABH, we have
x
so x = c . cos B
cos B =
c
Therefore, we have
b2 = a2 + c2 2ax
(ii)
B

b2 = a2 + c2 2ac . cos B
Equally, by symmetry, we have the two other formulas which we could have got by labeling the
triangle differently.

The Cosine Rule

a2 = b2 + c2 2bc . cos A
b2 = a2 + c2 2ac . cos B
c2 = a2 + b2 2ab . cos C

In other form, we also can be write down the cosine rule for angle finding :
cos A =

b2 + c2 a 2
2bc

cos B =

a2 + c2 b2
2ac

cos C =

a2 + b2 c2
2ab

The cosine rule can be used to solve triangles :

Two sides and an included angle

Three sides
Example :
From the the figure beside, find the length of BC!

C
4
A

Answer :
2

a
a2
a2
a2
a

4
A

60

60

= b + c 2bc . cos A
= 42 + 62 2 . 4 . 6. cos 60
= 16 + 36 48 .
= 28
= 28

a =2 7
so BC is 2 7

Exercise 2.2
1. Form all figures below, find all an unknown variable!
a.

c.

x cm

5 cm

16 cm

x cm

48

30

8 cm

b.

16 cm

d.

12 cm

10 cm

14 cm

7 cm

5 cm

10 cm

2. Find the smallest angle of triagle with sides 11 cm, 13 cm and 17 cm !

3. Find the largest angle of triangle with sides 4 cm, 7 cm and 9 cm !
4. A parallelogram ABCD with AB = 10,5 cm, AC = 6,8 cm and BAC = 56. Find the lengths of
the diagonals !
5. A parallelogram has sides 10 cm and 12 cm. If the shorter diagonal is 7 cm, find the longer
diagonal!
6. A Communication Tower is
constructed on the top of a
building as shown. Find the height
of the tower !

7. Dua buah kapal berangkat dari tempat yang sama dan membentuk sudut 30. Jika kapal pertama
berkecepatan 15 km/jam dan kapal kedua berkecepatan 18 km/jam, tentukanlah jarak kedua
kapal setelah 2 jam perjalanan!
8.

D
125 cm

C
30

See the figure beside!

The length of CD is

90 cm

B
75

120 cm

C. Area of Triangle
Using trigonometry, we can develop an alternative formula that does depend on a perpendicular
height. Any triangle that is not right angled must be either acute or obtuse.

In both triangles a perpendicular is constructed from A to D on (BC)

h
h
sin C =
sin (180 C) =
b
b
h = b . sin C
h = b sin (180 C)
h = b . sin C
(because sin (180 C) = sin C)
1
1
a . h = a b . sin C
2
2
Using different altitudes we could also show that the area of ABC is given by
1
1
1
bc . sin A or
a c . sin B or
a b . sin C
2
2
2
So, area of ABC =

If known three sides, we can use formula LABC = s ( s a )( s b)( s c) , with s =

Example :
Find the area of triangle ABC!

C
A

12 cm
15 cm

60

Answer :
1
a c . sin B
2
1
= 12 . 15 . sin 60
2
1
= 90 .
3
2
= 45 3 cm2

LABC =

So the area of ABC is 45 3 cm2.

Exercise 2.3
1. Find the area of all triangles below :
a. PQR, p = 4 cm, q = 6 cm and R = 60
b. ABC, b = 19 cm, c = 27 cm and A = 95

a+b+c
.
2

c.
d.
e.
f.

DEF, d = 10 cm, f = 12 cm and F = 60

KLM, k = 6 cm, l = 6 cm and K = 30
PQR, p = 10 cm, Q = 40 and R = 80
ABC, b = 5 cm, A = 45 and C = 60

2. Find the area of triangles below !

a. ABC, a = 12 cm, b = 10 cm , c = 14 cm
b. KLM, k = 8 cm, l = 6 cm , m = 4 cm
c. PQR, p = 6 cm, q = 10 cm , r = 12 cm
3. Known ABC has area 150 cm2, AB = 17 cm and ABC = 68. Find the length of BC and AC!
4. A parallelogram has two adjacent sides of length 4 cm and 6 cm respectively. If the included
angle measure 52, find the area of the parallelogram!
M

5.
14 cm
37

a. Find the area of triangle KLM to 2 decimal place

b. Hence, find the length of the altitude from M to KL
L

17 cm

6. Find the area of pentagon with sides of length 4 cm!

7. Find the area of hexagon with sides of length 6 cm!
8. Find the area of octagon with sides of length 8 cm!