Malaysian Institute
AIRCRAFT HARDWARE
Of
- THREADED FASTENERS Aviation Technology
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THREADED FASTENERS
Allow parts to be fastened together
Unlike rivet its may be disassembled &
Malaysian
Institute
reassembled an almost infinite
numbers
of times.
Include threaded hardware such as
Ofbolts, screw
and various type of nuts that secure them.
Aviation Technology
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SCREW THREADS
A male (external) screw thread is formed by cutting a helical groove into the surface of a round bar,
whilst a female (internal) thread is a helical groove cut in cylindrical hole.
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Of
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Male threads
Female threads
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Flank : The straight edge which joins the crest and roots.
Thread Angle : The angle between the flank. This varies for different
type of screw system.
e.g. 55 deg. for BSW (British Standard Whitworth)
and BSF (British Standard Fine) , 47 deg. for BA
(British Association). 60 deg.for UNC (American
Standard Unified Coarse and UNF (American
Standard Unified Fine)
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6.
7.
8.
9.
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THREAD TYPE
Aircraft bolts, screws and nuts are threaded in either coarse thread or
fine thread.
Coarse thread when there are a few thread per inch and has strong
threads but a weak core diameter.
Fine thread when there are more thread per inch and has weak threads
but a strong core diameter.
Example; American National series (NF,NC) has more threads per inch
compare to the American Standard Unified Series (UNF,UNC)
Malaysian Institute
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Aviation Technology
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wing nut
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DESIGNATION CODES
Of
AIR
FORCE-NAVY
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DIA.4/16
LENGTH.
Technology
Or 1/4Aviation7/8
For bolt longer than 7/8 inch, the code changes. E.g 1 inch
bolt is identified by a -10 representing 1 inch and no
fraction. There are no -8 or -9. Dash numbers go from -7
to -10, from -17 to -20 and from -27 to -30.
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Institute
Of
Air
Force-Navy
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Diameter
5/16in
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BOLTS
STANDARD AIRCRAFT BOLT
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BOLTS cond
Holes drilled at the end
of the shank
Letter A is used
Malaysian
Institute
Appears immediately after
dash
number no hole at end of the
shank
Of
Absence of A indicates hole
exists in the shank
Aviation Technology
E.g. AN6C 12A
Bolt is 3/8 Dia, corrosion
resistant steel, length 1
and undrilled shank.
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Propeller bolt
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CLEVIS BOLTS
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NUTS
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Class 3 FIT
Made of cadmium-plated nickel steel
Corrosion resistant steel
2024 aluminum alloy
Used when the bolt is subjected to either shear or tensile loads
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No castellation
Fine thread have no locking provisions
A spring type lock washer used in combination with the nut
Corrosion resistant steel, 2024 aluminum alloy, made of cadmium-plated nickel steel
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Class 2 Fit
Made of cadmium-plated steel or brass
Has national fine threads
Remove a part frequently without the use of tools
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ANCHOR NUT
Permanently mounted nut plates that enable inspection plates and access doors to
be easily removed and installed
Installed around inspection plate openings and installed in a channel that is riveted to
the structure
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TINNERMAN NUTS
Cost economical nuts
Commonly used on light aircraft
To mount instruments can be either be installed in an instrument panel or in the
instrument case itself
To reduce the chance of magnetic interference
To protect aircraft skin from damage by repeated insertion and removal of selftapping screws.
Malaysian Institute
Of
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U - Type
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TORQUE RECOMMENDATIONS
To ensure preloading is accomplished
Give recommended minimum and maximum torque values for the most commonly
used nut and bolt combinations
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Of
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SCREWS
Made of lower strength materials typically installed with a loose-fitting thread
The head shape are made to engage a screwdriver or wrench
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MACHINE SCREWS
Which are the most widely used
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STRUCTURAL SCREWS
Made of alloy steel, heat treated & can be used as structural bolt
Strength equal to bolt at the same size
NF standard thread
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Of
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Malaysian Institute
Of
Countersunk
Countersunk
head
head
Aviation Technology
Truss
Truss head
head
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PIN
ROLL PIN
- used to provide a pivot for joint where the pin is not likely to be
removed
CLEVIS PIN
- used for hinge pins in some aircraft control systems
Malaysian Institute
COTTER PIN
- used to safety castellated nut
Of
Aviation Technology
TAPER PIN
- produce a tight fit in a reamed hole for applications in shear
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WASHER
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Of
Finishing washer
Keyed washer
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Locking Washer
Provide efficient locking action by spring tension
and biting action of tapered twisted teeth. Made
of 1050 spring steel and cadmium plated, Class
Malaysian
Institute
3. Available with internal
teeth (Type
A) or
external teeth (Type B)
Of
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Malaysian Institute
TURNLOCK FASTENERS
Of
Aviation Technology
- DZUS
- AIRLOC
- CAMLOC
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DZUS FASTENERS
Cowling and other inspection access doors that frequently open put this fastener.
Malaysian Institute
Of
Aviation Technology
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AIRLOC FASTENER
Similar to DZUS fastener
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CAMLOCK FASTENER
the stud assembly of a Camlock fastener consists of a housing containing a spring
and a stud with a steel pin
Held onto the removable portion of the cowling or access door with a metal grommet.
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Aviation Technology
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NONFLEXIBLE CABLE
1 x 7 or 1 x 19 configuration
In areas where a linkage does not pass over any pulley
nonflexible cable can be used
Malaysian
Available in galvanized carbon
steel and Institute
stainless steel
Of
Aviation Technology
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FLEXIBLE CABLE
7 x 7 or seven strands of
seven wires and available in
1/16 and 3/32 inch sizes
manufactured each strand
formed into spiral shape Malaysian Institute
prevent from spreading out
when cut
Of
Available galvanized carbon
steel and stainless steel
This is a cable of medium Aviation Technology
flexibility and is used for trim
tab controls, engine controls,
and indicator controls.
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ATTACHING CABLES
Most cables were attached to bell cranks,
control surfaces and flight controls with
woven splices.
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Types of woven splices
Of
- Army Navy five-tuck splice
- Roebling roll Aviation Technology
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SWAGED TERMINALS
Swaged cable terminal
- to install these
cable cut the cable
and insert it into the
end of a terminal
- replace woven
splices and are as
strong or stronger than
the cable itself
- A go / no-go gauge
ensures that a swaged
terminal was installed
properly
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Of
Aviation Technology
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Malaysian Institute
A go/no-go gauge
ensures that a
swaged terminal
was installed properly
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TURNBUCKLE
Type of cable fastener that allows cable tension to be
adjusted
A complete turnbuckle assembly consists of
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CABLE INSPECTION
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Tensiometer
Tensiometer
Digital Tensiometer
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SAFETYING METHODS
Safety wires
- to keep bolt from vibrating loose
- to prevent nuts from becoming loose on
stud
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Safety clips
- to safety turnbuckle if the barrel and
Of
terminal are notched to accept them
Many bolt heads must be safety wired to
keep them from vibrating loose.Aviation
As a general Technology
rule, no more than three bolts should be
safety wired together.
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Malaysian Institute
Of
To
To prevent
prevent nuts
nuts from
from
becoming
becoming loose
loose on
on studs,
studs,
use
use castellated
castellated nuts
nuts and
and
safety
safety wire
wire them
them
as
as you
you would
would bolt
bolt heads.
heads.
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4
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Institute
3
Of
5
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9
10
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METRIC FASTERNERS
Government specification ( i.e. MS, AN)
Industry standards ( i.e. SAE)
Fabricated with a variety of threads standard including
- American National Standard Institute ( ANSI )
- German Institute for Standardization ( DIN )
- International Standard Organization ( ISO )
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4.6
Malaysian
10.9 Institute
Of
5.8
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Aviation8.8Technology
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THREAD IDENTIFICATION
MID
1.5
Indicated iso
metric thread
6g
Malaysian Institute
Diameter in mm
Of
Pitch in mm
Tolerance classTechnology
or fit
Aviation
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