Directions: (Q.1-5): In each question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions
numbered I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance
with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions
logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Q1. Statements:
Some cars are trucks.
No train is a truck.
Some trains are jeeps.
Conclusions:
I. Some jeeps are not trucks.
II. Some cars are not trains.
III. Some jeeps are trains.
(a) Only I and II follow
(b) All I, II and III follow
(c) None follows
(d) Only III follows
(e) None of the above
Q2. Statements:
All flowers are grasses.
No grass is a leaf.
Some leaves are plants.
Conclusions:
I. All grasses being flowers is a possibility.
II. All plants being leaves is a possibility.
III. Some leaves are not grasses.
(a) Only I and III follow
(b) Only I and II follow
(c) Only III follows
(d) All follow
(e) None of the above
Q3. Statements:
All trees are branches.
Some branches are seeds.
No fruit is a tree.
Conclusions:
I. Some branches are not fruits.
II. Some seeds are branches.
III. Some seeds being trees is a possibility.
(a) Only I and II follow
(b) Only III follows
(c) Only II follows
(d) Only II and III follow
(e) All follow
Q4. Statements:
No mouse is a keyboard.
No keyboard is a computer.
All wires are computers.
Conclusions:
I. No mouse is a computer.
II. No keyboard is a wire.
III. No computer is a keyboard.
(a) Only I and II follow
(b) Only II follows
(c) Only II and III follow
(d) Only III follows
(e) None of the above
Q5. Statements:
Some spoons are bowls.
All bowls are plates.
Some glasses are spoons.
Conclusions:
Directions (6-10): Study the given information carefully and answer the given questions:
In a certain code language "find a good home" is written as "dn co he rh", "charity begins at home" is
writen as " rh na ek sa", "find good charity store" is written as "na dn he ku" and " a store at station" is
written as "co ek ku ze".(All codes are two letter only).
6. What does the code 'ze' stand for in the given code language?
(a) good
(b) station
(c) find
(d) store
(e) begins
7. What does the code for 'store' in the given code language?
(a) rh
(b) ek
(c) ku
(d) ze
(e) dn
8. What does the code 'ek' stand for in the given language code?
(a) store
(b) at
(c) charity
(d) either 'find' or 'good'
(e) a
9. In the given code language, which of the following possibly means 'find good food'?
(a) he dn ku
(b) rh dn he
(c) dn bk he
(d) ku ek na
(e) na rh ek
10.What is the code for 'charity' in the given code language?
(a) na
(b) ku
(c) he
(d) rh
(e) dn
Directions (Q.8-10): In the given question, assuming the given statements to be true. Find which of the given
four conclusions I, II, III and IV stands definitely true and give your answer accordingly.
8.
Statement: S>MD>HRT<W
Conclusions
I. S>H
II. W>H
III. R<W
IV. M>T
(a) I, II and III are true
(b) Only II is true
(c) I and II are true.
(d) I and either II or IV are true
(e) All I, II, III and IV are true.
9.
Statement: M>U>LN; LY>A
Conclusions
I. Y<N
II. M>N
III. N=Y
IV. M=A
(a) Only either II or III is true
(b) either I or III are true
(c) Only IV is true
(d) Only II is true
(e) Only III is true
10.
Statement: JA>D=L; L<A<M
Conclusions
I. M<J
II. J>L
III. D>L
IV. J<M
(a) Only II is true
(b) I and III are true
(c) None is true
(d) II and IV are true
(e) I and II are true
Directions (Q.1-5): Each of the questions below consists of a question and three statements numbered I, II
and III given below it. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to
answer the question.
Explanation: From statement II alone we get to know that P is wife of T and from statement III alone we get to
know that T has 3 children and only one is a boy. Combining both statements II and III we get to know that P
has
3
children,
two
daughters
and
a
son.
Explanation: From Only statement I we get, E>B>A
From Only statement II we get, C>_>_
From Only statement III we get, D>F
From I, II and III -> E>B>A>C>D>F thus E is the tallest
Explanation: From I and II combined, we get village Joan is in south-west direction to village Willows
Explanation: Combining all the facts given in all the three statements together we get to know that Manoj
visited Chennai on Monday.
Explanation: From I and III we get know that the code for go is ho.
Directions (Q.1-5): Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and number rearranges them
following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of an input and its rearrangement:
Input: some 31 tower down 32 29 what 45 ice 52 75 all
Step I: what 75 some 31 tower down 32 29 45 ice 52 all
Step II: what 75 tower 52 some 31 down 32 29 45 ice all
Step III: what 75 tower 52 some 45 31 down 32 29 ice all
Step IV: what 75 tower 52 some 45 down 32 31 29 ice all
Step V: what 75 tower 52 some 45 down 32 all 31 29 ice
Step VI: what 75 tower 52 some 45 down 32 all 31 ice 29
And step VI is the last step of the above input. As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out the appropriate
steps for the above input.
Input: equal 54 inter 83 out town 25 79 under close 57 price 12
Q2. Which of the following would be at the seventh position from the right in step IV?
(a) Equal
(b) Inter
(c) 54
(d) 57
(e) None of the above
(c) Step VI
(d) There is no such step
(e) None of the above
Q4. If in the last step all the words get rearranged in alphabetical order, which of the following words will
remain at its original position?
(a) Out
(b) Price
(c) Inter
(d) Under
(e) None of the above
Q5. How many words/numbers are there between 79and inter in step II?
(a) Three
(b) Four
(c) None
(d) Two
(e) None of the above
Directions (Q.6-10): Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
A word and number arrangements machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them
following a particular in each step. The following is an illustration of an input and its rearrangement.
Input: 27 cookie 63 71 queen word 29 out favourite 67
Step I: word 27 cookie 63 71 queen 29 out favourite 67
Step II: word 29 27 cookie 63 71 queen out favourite 67
Step III: word 29 out 27 cookie 63 71 queen favourite 67
Step IV: word 29 out 67 27 cookie 63 71 queen favourite
Step V: word 29 out 67 queen 27 cookie 63 71 favourite
Step VI: word 29 out 67 queen 71 27 cookie 63 favourite
Step VII: word 29 out 67 queen 71 cookie 27 63 favourite
Step VIII: word 29 out 67 queen 71 cookie 6327 favourite
Step IX: word 29 out 67 queen 71 cookie 63 favourite 27
And step IX is the last step of the above input. As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out the appropriate
step for the above input.
Input: 49 association 25 31 glass 59 countries 23 state hoodooing 33 cities
Q6. Which of the following is the fourth element from the left end of the step V?
(a) Association
(b) 31
(c) State
(d)Countries
(e) None of the above
Q7. How many words are there between 59 and 33 in Step IV?
(a)None
(b) One
(c) Two
(d) Three
(e) None of the above
Q8. How many steps will be required to complete the given input?
(a) Six
(b)Seven
(c)Eight
(d)Nine
(e) None of the above
Q9. Which of the following come between cities and 33 in the last step?
(a) Countries, 49
(b) 59, countries, 49, hoodooing
(c) 49, hoodooing, 33
(d) Association, hoodooing, 59
(e) None of the above
Q10. Which of the following is second to the left of countries in Step VI?
(a) Cities
(b) 59
(c) Hoodooing
(d) Association
1. How is V related to Z?
a) Mother
b) Aunt
c) Grandmother
d) Cannot be determined
e) Sister
2. How is S related to T?
a) Brother
b) Cousin
c) Sister
d) Father
e) Daughterinlaw
3. How is J related to S?
a) Mother
b) Sister
c) Grandmother
d) Aunt
e) Cannot be determined
d) R is brotherinlaw of P.
e) V is fatherinlaw of P.
5. How is T related to N?
a) Son
b) Daughter
c) Nephew
d) Cousin
e) Either (a) or (b)
6. How is M related to S?
a) Grandfather
b) Grandmother
c) Mother
d) Granddaughter
e) Grandson
Directions (Q.710): Each of the questions below consists of a question and two statements numbered I and
II given below it. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the
questions. Read both the statements and give answer:
a) If the data in statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question, while the data in statement II alone are not
sufficient to answer the question.
b) If the data in statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question, while the data in statement I alone are not
sufficient to answer the question.
c) If the data either in statement I alone or in statement II alone are sufficient to answer the question.
d) If the data in both the statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question.
e) If the data in both the statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question.
7. Is R is grandson of N?
I. Q has two children and R is son of P?
II. J is mother of P and married to N
8. Six friends, P, Q, R, S, T and V are sitting around a circular table facing away from the centre, who sits third
to the right of T?
I. R sits second to the left of S, who sits second to the left of T
II. Q and V sit opposite each other and T sits between Q and S.
10. Who scores the lowest score run in a match among five players Raina, Yuvraj, Dhoni, Ganguly,
Tendulkar?
I. Ganguly does not score the lowest run, but he scores ten runs less than Dhoni.
II. Raina scores equal to Yuvraj, who scores six runs less than Dhoni.
7. How many such pairs of letters are there in the word EXPLANATION, each of which has as many letters
between them in the word (in both forward and backward direction) as they have between them in the
English
alphabetical
series?
(a)
One
(b)
Two
(c)
Three
(d)
Four
(e)
More
than
four
8. Each vowels of the word DECIMATE is changed to the next letter in the English alphabetical series and
each consonant is changed to previous letter in the English alphabetical series. If the new alphabets thus
formed are arranged in alphabetical order (from left to right) which of the following will be fifth from the
right?
(a)
C
(b)
B
(c)
U
(d)
F
(e)
N
9. If A denotes 1, B denotes 2, C denotes 3, D denotes 1, E denotes 2, F denotes 3 and so on, then what will
be
the
sum
of
the
value
of
letters
of
word
DRUB?
(a)
9
(b)
8
(c)
7
(d)
10
(e)
11
10. If '+' is denoted by '*', '' is denoted by '#, '' is denoted by '@' and '' is denoted by '', then what will be
the
value
of
expression?
5
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
35*15@
Other
40
than
20
given
Directions (Q.6-10): Study the following information and answer the given questions:
5*16
76
46
24
224
options
Q8. Which of the following is the code for 'problem rates that grow'?
a) koo da phi chi
b) phi su nr chi
c) ti da zo chi
d) su phi chi pa
e) None of the above
Q10. Which of the following may be the code for 'world is more tough problem first'?
a) nic zo su ra mo pic
b) pic zo ra su vo bi
c) su pic ye zo ra fa
d) ti ra su chi mo zo
e) None of the above
Directions (Q1-5): In each question, two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II
have been given. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with
the commonly facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given
statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Q1. Statements:
Some wins are trophies.
Some trophies are cups.
No cup is a prize.
Conclusions:
I. At least some cups are wins.
II. All prizes being trophies is a possibility.
(a) Both conclusion I and II are true
(b) Only conclusion II is true
(c) Only Conclusion I is true
Directions (Q.6-10): In each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered
I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly
known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from
the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Given answer
(a) If only conclusion I follows
(b) If only conclusion II follows
(c) If either conclusion I or II follows
(d) If neither conclusion I nor II follows
(e) If both conclusions I and II follow
Q6. Statements:
No bird is a parrot.
No parrot is a crow.
Conclusions:
I. No bird is a crow.
II. No crow is a parrot.
Q7. Statements:
Some glasses are spoons.
Some jugs are spoons.
Conclusions:
I. All jugs being glasses is a possibility.
II. Some spoons are jugs.
Q8. Statements:
All cups are plates.
Some plates are jars.
Conclusions:
I. All cups are jars.
II. Some jars not being plates is a possibility.
Q9. Statements:
All animals are ants.
No ant is a mosquito.
Conclusions:
I. No animal is a mosquito.
II. No mosquito is an ant.
Q10. Statements:
Some buses are cars.
No car is a cycle.
Conclusions:
I. Some cycles are not cars.
II. Some buses are not cycles.
Directions (Q.1-3): Study the information below and answer the given questions:
In a certain code
'money has mortal' is coded as lo pe he';
'mortal on women' is coded as 'he zo kh';
'women in money' is coded as kh ma lo'
and 'has bag mortal' is coded as 'pe sy he'.
Q1. How will 'in the money' be coded ?
(a) ma lo sy
(b) ma pe he
(c) lo he pe
(d) ma lo ki
(e) lo ma sy
Directions (1-5): In the following question, two rows are given and to find out the resultant of a particular row
you need to follow the following steps. Give answer according to the question asked.
Step 1: If an even number is followed by an odd (prime) number then the resultant will be the addition of both the
numbers.
Step 2: If an odd number is followed by a perfect square then the resultant will be the subtraction of the square
number from the odd number.
Step 3: If an odd number is followed by another odd number then the resultant will be the addition of both the
numbers.
Step 4: If an even number is followed by an odd (non-prime) number then the resultant will be the subtraction of the
odd number from the even number.
Step 5: If an odd number is followed by an even number then the resultant comes by multiplying the numbers.
Q1. Find the sum of two rows.
4
13
3
(a) 18
(b) 25
(c) 11
(d) 14
(e) None of the above
Q 2: Find the resultant of second row if X is the resultant of first row.
11
17
(a) 11
(b) 13
(c) 10
(d) 9
(e) None of the above
Q3. If the sum of the resultants of two rows is 20. Then find the value of X.
18
15
(a) 3
(b) 9
(c) 2
(d) 5
(e)None of the above
Q4. Find the difference between the resultant of first and second row.
5
15
21
16
(a) 25
(b) 20
(c) 10
(d) 5
(e) None of the above
Q5. X is the resultant of second row. Find the sum of the resultant of two rows.
X
16
43
36
(a) 11
(b) 17
(c) 13
(d) 15
(e) None of the above
Directions (Q.1-5): Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them
following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of an input and its rearrangement.
Input: done with 41 17 one 13 front 24
Step I: with done 41 17 one 13 front 24
Step II:with 13 done 41 17 one front 24
Step III:with 13 one done 41 17 front 24
Step IV:with 13 one 41 done 17 front 24
(d) None
(e) None of the above
Directions: (Q.6-10): Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them
following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of an input and its rearrangement:
Input: then 23 each 31 second 25 left 36
Step I:left the 23 each 31 second 36 25
Step II:the left 23 each 31 second 25 36
Step III:each the left 31 second 25 36 23
Step IV:second each the left 25 36 23 31
And step IV is the last step of the above input. As per the rules followed in the above step, find out the appropriate
step for the given output.
Input: be 11 all 25 main 47 81 equal 49 earn 16 ant
Q6. How many steps will be required to complete the arrangement of the above input?
(a) Five
(b) Six
(c) Seven
(d) Eight
(e) None of the above
Q7. How many elements are there between ant and 16 in Step IV?
(a)One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
(e) None of the above
Q8. The following output will be in which step?
Main earn be ant all 47 equal 16 25 49 81 11
(a) III
(b) IV
(c) V
(d) VI
(e) None of the above
Q9. What is the position of be in step IV?
(a) Third from the left
(b) Sixth from the right
I. No chair is train.
II. No train is chair.
III. Some trains are trees.
IV. No train is tree.
(a) Only III follows
(b) Only III and IV follow
(c) Only I and II follow
(d) Only II and III follow
(e) None follows
Directions (1-5): Each question below is followed by two statements I and II. You are to determine whether
the data given in the statement is sufficient to answer the question. Give answer
a) If the statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question, but the statement II alone is not sufficient.
b) If the statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question, but the statement I alone is not sufficient.
c) If either the statement I alone or the statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.
d) If you cannot get the answer from the statements I and II together, but need more data.
e) If both statements I and II together are needed to answer the question.
1. What is Rajeevs position in a row of 10 children?
I. Manoj is fourth to the left of Ravi; Rajeev is seventh to the right of Narendra.
II. Rajeev is fifth to the right of Ravi; Manoj is second to the left of Narendra which is at one end.
2. Are some boys students?
I. Some students are teachers; All teachers are boys.
II. Some teachers are students; All boys are teachers.
3. Among M, N, O, P and R; P is taller than how many people?
I. O is taller than M but shorter than R, who is not taller than P.
II. N is not the tallest but is taller than O.
4. Difference of how many days is there between the ages of Jayendra and Ankit?
I. Ankit was born on 26 and the month was September or October. Jayendra was born on October 12.
II. Ankit was approximately 3 months old at his first new year. Both of them were born in the same year.
5. Find the age of Ankita.
I. Ankita is more than 3 years older than Sneha, Sneha is 19 years old.
II. The ratio of the ages of Parul and Ankita is 3 : 5 respectively. Total age of both of them is between 65 to 73 years.
Directions (6-10): Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions.
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them
following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of the input and its rearrangement:
Input: success cause 81 follow 25 related 31 give 19 21
Step I: 19 cause 81 follow 25 related 31 give 21 success
Step II: 19 21 cause 81 follow 25 31 give related success
Step III: 19 21 25 cause 81 31 follow give related success
Step IV: 19 21 25 31 81 cause follow give related success
Step IV is the last step of the rearrangement of the above input.
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the questions the appropriate step for the given input.
Input: inflation 92 73 loan 68 price economic 58 79 credit 69 service
6. How many steps will be required to complete the arrangement of the above input?
a) Five
b) Six
c) Seven
d) Eight
e) None of the above
7. If inflation is related to 92 and economic is related to 79, in the same way service is related to which
of the following in Step III?
a) price
b) 58
c) loan
d) 79
e) None of the above
8. Which of the following would be at the 6th position from the left in Step IV?
a) loan
b) 79
c) price
d) cause
e) None of the above
9. What will be the position of credit in Step II?
a) 9th from the left
b) 6th from the right
c) 5th from the right
d) 7th from the left
e) None of the above
10. How many words/numbers are there between 58 and price in Step III?
a) One
b) Two
c) Nine
d) None
e) None of the above
Directions (Q.1-5): Each of the questions below consists of a question and two statements numbered I and II
given below it. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the
question. Read both the statements and give answer
(a) If the data in statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question, while the data in statement II alone is
not sufficient to answer the question.
(b) If the data in statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question, while the data in statement I alone is
not sufficient to answer the question.
(c) If the data either in statement I alone or in statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.
(d) If the datain both the statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question.
(e) If the data in both the statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question.
Q2. Out of 64 students, 38 play both chess and cricket. How many students play only chess?
I. Out of 64 students, 22 students dont play any game. 4 students play only cricket.
II. Out of 64 students 20 are girls and 10 of them dont play any game.
Q4. Who among the six of them is the tallest if Geetais taller than Shilpa and Deepa is taller than Meeta?
(Sunita and Sadhana are the other two).
I. Sadhana is taller than Sunita.
II. Sadhana is taller than Shilpa and Meeta as well as Deepa.
Q5. Who among the five friends Sumit, Tarun, Mukesh, Varun and Basuki is the youngest?
I. Basuki is older than three of them but Sumit is younger than Mukesh.
II. Tarun is older than Varun and Basuki.
Directions (Q.6-10): Each of the questions below three statements numbered I, II and III. You have to decide
whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question.
Q7. Who among A, B, C, D, E and F, each having a different height, is the tallest?
I. B is taller than A but shorter than E.
II. Only two of them are shorter than C.
III. D is taller than only F.
(a) Only I and II are sufficient to answer the question
Answer:
(c)
February 29 can occur only in a leap year. 2008 happens to be the only leap year between 2005 and 2011. Hence
Yasir
was
born
on
Feb
29,
2008.Hence
I
is
sufficient.
From II, Yasir was born on Feb 29, 2008. (2012 4 = 2008). Hence II is also sufficient.
Answer:
(a)
From I. 22 students dont play any game. That means 64 22 = 42 play either chess or cricket.
Those
who
play
only
cricket=4
Those
who
play
only
chess=
42-4=38
i.e
38
students
play
only
chess.
From
II.
We
dont
get
information
about
boys.
Hence
II
is
not
sufficient.
Answer:
Statement
I
lead
us
StatementII will give us the present strength as we have the base and percentage increases.
(b)
nowhere.
Answer:
From
the
Geeta>Shilpa;
From
I:Sadhna>Sunita(ii)
No
From
II:Sadhna>Shilpa,
Meeta,
But we cannot say who is tallest among Sadhna and Geeta.Data Not sufficient.
(d)
questions:
Deepa>Meeta(i)
sufficient.
Deepa.
Answer:
From I and II : - Still we do not know who is the youngest.
(d)
Answer: (d)
Sex of M is not known, but it is given in statement III, that T has three children and only one of them is boy. Therefore,
we may conclude that W has two daughters.
Answer:
From
E
From
>
From
Now
combining
E > B > A> C > D > F
>
>
all
the
Statement
B
statement
>
C
statement
above
>
>
statements,
>
we
(d)
I:
A
II:
III:
have
Answer:
(e)
Even by combining all the statements, we cannot find the day of the week on which Sureshs mother visited Sureshs
Directions (Q.1-5): In each question below are given to statements followed by two conclusions numbered I
and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly
known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decided which of the given conclusions logically follows
from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer
(a) If only Conclusion I follows
Directions (Q.6-10): In each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered
I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly
known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decided which of the given conclusions logically follows
from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer
(a) If only Conclusion I follows
(b) If only conclusion II follows
(c) If either conclusion I or II follows
(d) If neither conclusion I nor II follows
(e) If both conclusions I and II follow
Q6.
Statements:
Some buses are trucks.
No truck is a jeep.
Conclusions:
I. Some jeeps are trucks.
II. Some buses are not jeeps.
Q7.
Statements:
All sofas are beds.
Some beds are tables.
Conclusions:
I. At least some sofas being tables is a possibility.
II. Some tables are beds.
Q8.
Statements:
Some papers are books.
All books are pages.
Conclusions:
9. What is the code for did meet definitely in the given code language?
(a) cv or bd
(b) st hl cv
(c) bd sl jq
(d) pr cv bd
(e) cv bd st
10. What is the code for good job in the given code language?
(a) Other than those given as options
(b) on pr
(c) bd st
(d) pr mi
(e) hl on
Directions (6-10): In each questions below are statements followed by conclusions numbered I and II. You
have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts
and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the three statements disregarding
commonly known facts.
(a) If only conclusion I follows.
(b) If only conclusion II follows.
(c) If either conclusion I or II follows.
(d) If neither conclusion I nor II follows.
(e) If both conclusions I and II follows.
6. Statement:
Some raises are promotions.
All promotions are hikes.
All hikes are advances.
Conclusions:
I. Some hikes are raises.
II. Some advances are not promotions is a possibility.
7. Statement:
All protests are agitations.
All agitations are boycotts.
All boycotts are campaigns.
Conclusions:
I. Some agitations are not campaigns.
II. All boycotts are protests.
8. Statements:
All areas are volumes.
All perimeters are volumes.
All lengths are perimeters.
Conclusions:
I. Some areas are perimeters.
II. All lengths are volumes
9. Statements:
All messages are posts.
All mails are posts.
No post is a letter.
Conclusions:
I. Some mails are messages.
II. No message is a letter.
10. Statements:
All streets are roads
Some roads are avenues
All avenues are highways
Conclusions:
I. Some highways are roads.
II. Some avenues are streets.