Edwards 1

Paris Edwards
Prof. Joy McDonald
English 101-17
October 20, 2016
Annotated Bibliography: Is there any correlation in the prevalence of ACL tears in male and
female athletes?
Johnson, Don. The ACL Made Simple. New York: Springer, 2004. eBook Collection
(EBSCOhost). Web. 24 Oct. 2016.
This book gives the background of ACL tears and what can cause them. It consists of
different chapters from the anatomy of the knee to the rehabilitation of the injury. It even
goes as far as to give its own rehabilitation process that lasts six months for different
athletic trainers or coaches who have players who suffer from the injury. There are also
pictures that provide visuals of what the knee looks like when there is damage to it and
when the knee is recovering after the reconstruction of it. I plan on using some of the
chapters in this book to get background and details on ACL injuries. I also want to use the
pictures to accurately describe what parts are affected by ACL injuries and what limits the
damage to places on the body.
Klouche, S., and N. Lefevre. "Select a Website below to Get This Article."
Elsevier: Article Locator. Orthopedics and Traumatology:Surgery and
Research, 5 Jan. 2015. Web. 23 Oct. 2016.
This is a lab report done by scientists in Paris, France. In their lab they performed a case
study on the different pressure loads that are applied on the knee in ACL tears. To
measure the pressure, they used a device that goes by the name of GNRB which is the

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most reliable, validated arthrometer. The study was done in 2012, with the case study
group consisting of 64 male athletes ages 15-21, who had a complete ACL tear confirmed
by arthroscopy. The control group was 54 male soccer players ages 15-19, who had no
history in knee injuries. This study gives information backed up by research in roughly
how much pressure (Newtons) can be applied to the knee before any injury is done.
Readers can use this to their advantage in different training or physical activities. I plan
on using this study to give factual numbers in relation to ACL injuries.
"Orthopedics; Researchers Examine Why Women Are More Susceptible to ACL Injuries than
Men." NewsRx.com. N.p., 29 Mar. 2005. Web. 23

Oct. 2016.

This newspaper article covers a story of findings by different college researchers who
studied the likeliness of female athletes to receive anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears
as opposed to male athletes. Dr. Spero G. Karas (UNC-Chapel Hill) examined 17 male
and 18 female athletes and studied their trunk and hip motions during physical activity.
He found that female athletes held their trunks and hips in a more erect posture while
performing running and jumping movements, giving him the idea that this is what leads
to the surplus in ACL injuries. Dr. Henry T. Goitz (Medical college of Ohio, Toledo)
conducted the same study on 33 men and 33 women soccer players to find that there were
inherent gender differences in elite athletes' ability to reproduce various squatting
positions, particularly with regard to more erect posturing. The article provides various
other researchers and their findings, explaining their theories as to why women have
more ACL tears than men. I plan on using this article to provide my paper with different
scientists and their beliefs on what is causing the influx of ACL tears in women athletes.

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"Quality of Life Poorer After Partial ACL Tears (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)."
Medical Post 32.9 (1996): 64. ProQuest. Web. 24 Oct. 2016.
This magazine article talks about the mental and physical aspect of the partial ACL tear.
The study consisted of 16 males and 7 female athletes who suffered ACL injuries. The
purpose of the study was to analyze the life of the athletes after their injuries. They all
participated in the same rehab after their injury and were kept away from their sports for
the same amount of time. Dr. Lo, a researcher at the Canadian Academy of Sports
Medicine, led the study because he wanted to prove that partial ACL tears do not have the
same effect on a person as a full ACL tear. Partial tears happen just as much as full tears,
but are not advertised as much as full tears. This lack of information causes many people
to believe that all ACL tears are complete tears and it effects their minds as such. Dr. Los
research shows how partial tears are easily recoverable and not nearly as bad as near as
bad as a full tear of the ACL. I plan on using this magazine article to gain more
knowledge and incorporate a little more background of partial tears and their impact on
athletes bodies.
Shephard, M. K., D. L. Hoover, and K. R. Neelly. "ACL Tears: Contributing
Factors and Preventive Strategies for the Home Health Care
Professional--Part 2." Home Health Care Management & Practice
27.1 (2014): 31-35. Web.
The authors of this journal article have made a two-part series on the background of
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Part two, the part that I am focusing on, deals
more so with the trends that have been discovered while rehabbing this injury leading to
the discovery of how to prevent the injury. The root of the problem comes down to the

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hamstring and quadriceps, muscles that place stress on the ACL. An imbalance in one of
the muscles has been discovered to be associated with an ACL injury. The authors
suggest that resistance training is the best way to build muscle equally into both of these
muscles without placing too much stress on one. It allows maintenance of the same
amount of stress on both muscles to keep them relatively close in strength. They also
brought out that the flexibility of joints around the knee can cause an ACL injury. This
would help people to find ways in which they can get their bodies in the best shape to
avoid a future injury. I can use this article to give the science and anatomy aspect of what
goes on in the body during ACL tears.