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IMPORTANT INFORMATION

About us:
XL-Viking was created to make working with Microsoft Excel easier and more efficient. XL-Viking started
as an internal group at Abbott Aerospace Inc. developing Excel tools to increase productivity, reliability
and quality of engineering applications. XL-Viking was establised as a seperate company in 2014.

Established in 2008, Abbott Aerospace helps people develop new aircraft structure and systems and
make modifications to existing structure and systems. We do all types of aircraft - Part 23, Part 25, Civil,
Military, Prototype, Experimental - and have extensive experience with composite laminate material
selection, process control, manufacture, design, substantiation and certification.
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About the Abbott Aerospace Analysis Spreadsheets:

Our in-house structural analysis toolbox is our collection of spreadsheets. The sheets that we make free
available are a small proportion of the sheets that we have developed for our own use.
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changed in every way by the user.

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We have made every reasonable effort to remove all errors but some may still exist and all analysis wor
should be thoroughly checked. If you do find errors plese notify us at:
spreadsheets@abbottaerospace.com
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that we have used proprietary information inappropriately please let us know.

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To find out more about the Xl-Viking Add-in:
www.XL-Viking.com
Find out more about the Design and Analysis services provided by Abbott Aerospace:
www.abbottaerospace.com

ABBOTT AEROSPACE INC. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION


Subject to restrictions on the cover or first page

ABBOTT AEROSPACE INC. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION


Subject to restrictions on the cover or first page

XL-Viking started
tivity, reliability
y in 2014.

systems and
23, Part 25, Civil,
nate material

loping the Xl-

at we make freely

and can be

en or implied. You
mages, loss of

d all analysis work

Inc. If you think

and redistribute
erospace Inc./XL-

of the analysis in
e sheets rely on
stalled.

ABBOTT AEROSPACE INC. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION


Subject to restrictions on the cover or first page

ABBOTT AEROSPACE INC. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION


Subject to restrictions on the cover or first page

Author: R. Abbott
Document Number:
Check:
Revision Level :
Date: 20/10/2013
Page:
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

FASTENER FLEXIBILITY COMPARISON


References: OEM Proprietary Method
NACA TN-1051

8
tE f

B1

B2

B3

strap
Single Shear
Joint

t1

t2

t1 t 2
2

2t 1 t 2
2

plate
Double Shear t1
Joint
t1

t2
strap

Average Element Thickness For Single & Double Shear Joints


Case
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Plate
Strap
Fastener
Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum
Steel
Steel
Steel
Aluminum Aluminum
Steel
Aluminum
Steel
Steel
Aluminum
Steel
Aluminum
Aluminum Aluminum Titanium
Aluminum Titanium Titanium

B1
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.133
0.133

B2
2.120
2.120
2.120
2.120
2.120
2.060
2.060

B3
1.000
1.000
1.870
1.430
0.840
1.242
1.113

Case
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Joint Parameters
Case:
3
Joint: Single Shear
D=
0.250 in
t =
0.100 in
t =
0.100 in
E = 10500000 psi
Ef = 29000000 psi
B =
B =
B =
t=
C=
Kf =

0.1300
2.1200
1.8700
0.10 in
5.29E-06 in/lbf
189056 lbf/in

Joint Type
Bolt Diameter
Strap Thickness
Plate Thickness
Plate Modulus of Elasticity
Bolt Modulus of Elasticity

Joint Parameters
Average Thickness of Elements, (See )
= 8 / (t Ef ) (B (t / D ) (B + (t / D )) + B )
Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find
www.XL-Viking.com
Author: R. Abbott
Document Number:
Check:
Revision Level :

Date: 20/10/2013
Page:
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

FASTENER FLEXIBILITY COMPARISON


OEM Method
Single Shear
Joint

t1

t2

1
t1 t 2
1

3.72

3
P
EfD
t 1E1 t 2E 2
2

Double Shear
Joint

P/2
P/2

t1
t1

t2

t t 2 / 2 2 1

1
tE
P
2E f D 3
1 1 t 2E 2

Equations For the Grumman Method

Joint: Single Shear


D=
0.250 in
t =
0.100 in
t =
0.100 in
Ef = 29000000 psi
E = 10500000 psi
E = 10500000 psi
C=
Kf =

7.17E-06 in/lbf
139392 lbf/in

Joint Type
Bolt Diameter
Strap Thickness
Plate Thickness
Bolt Modulus of Elasticity
Strap Modulus of Elasticity
Plate Modulus of Elasticity
Bolt Flexibility Constant
Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find
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Author: R. Abbott
Document Number:
Check:
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Date: 20/10/2013
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Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

FASTENER FLEXIBILITY COMPARISON


Huth Method
t1 t 2

2D

Group
I
II
III

b 1
1
1
1

n t 1E1 nt 2E 2 2t 1E f
2nt 2E f

Type
Bolted Metallic
Riveted Metallic
Bolted Graphite/Epoxy

a
2/3
2/5
2/3

b
3.00
2.20
4.20

Material Types and Constants


For Huth's Formula

Group:
III
Joint:Single Shear
D=
0.250 in
t =
0.100 in
t =
0.100 in
E = 10500000 psi
E = 10500000 psi
Ef = 29000000 psi
a=
b=
n=

0.67
4.20
1.0

Joint Type
Bolt Diameter
Strap Thickness
Plate Thickness
Strap Modulus of Elasticity
Plate Modulus of Elasticity
Bolt Modulus of Elasticity

n = 1 For Single-Shear; n = 2 For Double-Shear Joints

C = (1 / (0.1 (1.05E+07)) + 1 / (1 0.1 (1.05E+07)) + 1 / (2 0.1 (2.9E+07)) + 1


(2.9E+07))) (4.2 / 1) ((0.1 + 0.1) / (2 0.25))
C = 5.13E-06 in/lbf
Bolt Flexibility Constant
Kf =

194958 lbf/in

Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find
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Author: R. Abbott
Document Number:
Check:
Revision Level :
Date: 20/10/2013
Page:
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

FASTENER FLEXIBILITY COMPARISON

OEM Method

2 t1 D
C
t1

D
t
t
E
E
Ef

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.85

1
3

E1 8E f

0.250 in
0.100 in
0.100 in
10500000 psi
10500000 psi
29000000 psi

2 t2 D

t2

0.85

1
3

E 2 8E f

Bolt Diameter
Strap Thickness
Plate Thickness
Strap Modulus of Elasticity
Plate Modulus of Elasticity
Bolt Modulus of Elasticity

C = 2) / 0.1 (1 / (1.05E+07) + 3 / (8 (2.9E+07))) + 2) / 0.1 (1 / (


/ (8 (2.9E+07)))
2.97E-06 in/lbf
Bolt Flexibility Constant
Kf =

Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

336290 lbf/in

Alternate Boeing formula (from Boltran manual):


3

4t 1 4t 2
t 5t 1 t 2 5t 1t 2 t 2
t t2
1
1
1
1

5G f A f
40E f I f
t 1t 2 E f
t 1E1 t 2E 2

Gf = 10902256 psi
Af =
0.0491 in
If =
0.0002 in4

Bolt Shear Modulus


Bolt Area, A = p (D/2)2
Bolt Moment of Inertia, I = p (D/2)4/4

C = (4 0.1 + 4 0.1) / (5 (1.09E+07) 0.0491) + (0.1 + 5 0.1 0.1 + 5 0.1


0.1) / (40 (2.9E+07) (1.92E-04)) + (0.1 + 0.1) / (0.1 0.1 (2.9E+07)) + 1 / (0.
+ 1 / (0.1Bolt
(1.05E+07))
2.95E-06 in/lbf
C = (1.05E+07))
Flexibility Constant
Kf =

339289 lbf/in

Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find
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Author: R. Abbott
Document Number:
Check:
Revision Level :
Date: 20/10/2013
Page:
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

FASTENER FLEXIBILITY COMPARISON

Tate and RosenFeld Method

1
1
1
1
32

1 f t 1 t 2
t 1E f
t 2E f
t 1E 1 t 2E 2 9E f D 2

8
3
2
2
3
t 1 5 t 1 t 2 5t 1t 2 t 2
5E f D 4

D=
0.250 in
t =
0.100 in
t =
0.100 in
E = 10500000 psi
E = 10500000 psi
Ef = 29000000 psi
nb =
0.33

Bolt Diameter
Strap Thickness
Plate Thickness
Strap Modulus of Elasticity
Plate Modulus of Elasticity
Bolt Modulus of Elasticity
Bolt Poisson's Ratio

C = 1 / ((2.9E+07) 0.1) + 1 / ((2.9E+07) 0.1) + 1 / ((1.05E+07) 0.1) + 1 / ((1.05E+


32 / (9 (2.9E+07) 0.25) (1 + 0.33) (0.1 + 0.1) + 8 / (5 (2.9E+07)
+ 5 0.1 0.1 + 5 0.1 0.1 + 0.1)
C = 2.81E-06 in/lbf
Bolt Flexibility Constant
Kf =

355307 lbf/in

Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

Alternate Tate & Rosenfeld formula (from Boltran manual):


3

2t 1 t 2 8t 1 16t 1 t 2 8t 1t 2 t 2
2t t 2
1
2

3G f A f
192E f I f
t 1t 2E f
t 1E1 t 2E 2

Gf = 10902256 psi
Af =
0.0491 in
If =
0.0002 in4

Bolt Shear Modulus


Bolt Area, A = p (D/2)2
Bolt Moment of Inertia, I = p (D/2)4/4

C = (2 0.1 + 0.1) / (3 (1.09E+07) 0.0491) + (8 0.1 + 16 0.1 0.1 + 8 0.1


(192 (2.9E+07) (1.92E-04)) + (2 0.1 + 0.1) / (0.1 0.1 (2.9E+07)) + 1 / (0.1
(1.05E+07)) + 2 / (0.1 (1.05E+07))
C = 4.11E-06 in/lbf
Bolt Flexibility Constant
Kf =

243345 lbf/in

Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find
www.XL-Viking.com
Author: R. Abbott
Document Number:
Check:
Revision Level :
Date: 20/10/2013
Page:
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

FASTENER FLEXIBILITY COMPARISON


Swift Method

D
t
t
E
E
Ef

=
=
=
=
=
=

1
5
1
0.8

DE f
t
E
t
1 1
2E 2

0.250 in
0.100 in
0.100 in
10500000 psi
10500000 psi
29000000 psi

Bolt Diameter
Strap Thickness
Plate Thickness
Strap Modulus of Elasticity
Plate Modulus of Elasticity
Bolt Modulus of Elasticity

C = 5 / (0.25 (2.9E+07)) + 0.8 (1 / (0.1 (1.05E+07)) + 1 / (0.1 (1.05E+07)))


2.21E-06 in/lbf
Bolt Flexibility Constant
Kf =

Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

451780 lbf/in

OEM Method

1
DE 2

E2
A BD 1

t 1E1
2

Type
Steel Bolts
Aluminum Rivets

A
1.67
5.00

B
0.87
0.80

Fastener Types and Constants


For Douglas' Formula
Fastener: Steel Bolts
D=
0.250 in
t =
0.100 in
t =
0.100 in
E = 10500000 psi
E = 10500000 psi

Bolt Diameter
Strap Thickness
Plate Thickness
Strap Modulus of Elasticity
Plate Modulus of Elasticity

A=
1.67
Parameter From
B=
0.87
Parameter From
C = 1 / ((1.05E+07) 0.25) (1.67 + 0.87 0.25 (1 / 0.1 + (1.05E+07) / ((1.05E+07)
2.29E-06 in/lbf
Bolt Flexibility Constant
Kf =

436047 lbf/in

Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find
www.XL-Viking.com
Author: R. Abbott
Document Number:
Check:
Revision Level :
Date: 20/10/2013
Page:
Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

FASTENER FLEXIBILITY COMPARISON


Morris Method
Reference: Morris G. - Defining a Standard Formula and Test-Method for Fastener

Flexibility in Lap-Joints
2845 2845

cf
E L1t 1 E L 2 t 2

Dh

0.34

0.5

500 1000 t 1

E f t 1 E ST 1t 1 D

Type
Normal Aluminum Rivets
CSK Aluminum Rivets
Titanium Hi-Loks

500
1000

E
t
E
f 2
ST 2 t 2

t2

0.34

e 0. 3 r

cf
1.00
8.20
13.1

Fastener Type Constants


For Morris' Formula
Fastener: Titanium Hi-Loks
s=
31.75 mm
p=
15.88 mm
r=
1
D=
6.35 mm
Dh =
10.54 mm
t1 =
2.54 mm
t2 =
2.54 mm
EL1 =
72.4 GPa
EST1 =
72.4 GPa
EL2 =
72.4 GPa
EST2 =
72.4 GPa
Ef =
110.3 GPa
cf =

13.1

Fastener Pitch
Row Pitch
Number of Rows
Bolt Diameter
Bolt Head Diameter
Strap Thickness
Plate Thickness
Strap Modulus of Elasticity
Strap Modulus of Elasticity
Plate Modulus of Elasticity
Plate Modulus of Elasticity
Bolt Modulus of Elasticity
Coefficient

C=

4.25E-05 mm/N

Bolt Flexibility Constant

C=

7.44E-06 in/lbf

Bolt Flexibility Constant

Kf =

134425 lbf/in

L
ST
L
ST

Bolt Spring Constant, Kf = 1/C

Note: All moduli must be given in GPa, lengths in mm.

If you see errors on this spreadsheet it is because you do not have the XL-Viking Plugin, to find
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Author: R. Abbott
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Date: 20/10/2013
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Title: STANDARD SPREADSHEET METHOD

FASTENER FLEXIBILITY COMPARISON


SUMMARY OF ALL METHODS
NACA TN-1051 5.29E-06
OEM Method 7.17E-06

Huth
OEM
Tate and RosenFeld
Swift
OEM
Morris

Method
Method
Method
Method
Method
Method

5.13E-06
2.97E-06
2.81E-06
2.21E-06
2.29E-06
7.44E-06

Steel
Fasteners

Titanium
Fastener

8.00E-06
7.00E-06
6.00E-06
5.00E-06
4.00E-06
3.00E-06
2.00E-06
1.00E-06
0.00E+00

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/ (1 0.1 (1.05E+07)) + 1 / (2 0.1 (2.9E+07)) + 1 / (2 1 0.1


0.1 + 0.1) / (2 0.25))

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E+07) + 3 / (8 (2.9E+07))) + 2) / 0.1 (1 / (1.05E+07) + 3

09E+07) 0.0491) + (0.1 + 5 0.1 0.1 + 5 0.1 0.1 +


92E-04)) + (0.1 + 0.1) / (0.1 0.1 (2.9E+07)) + 1 / (0.1
05E+07))

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(2.9E+07) 0.1) + 1 / ((1.05E+07) 0.1) + 1 / ((1.05E+07) 0.1) +


25) (1 + 0.33) (0.1 + 0.1) + 8 / (5 (2.9E+07) 0.25) (0.1
0.1 + 0.1)

+07) 0.0491) + (8 0.1 + 16 0.1 0.1 + 8 0.1 0.1 + 0.1) /


4)) + (2 0.1 + 0.1) / (0.1 0.1 (2.9E+07)) + 1 / (0.1
05E+07))

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8 (1 / (0.1 (1.05E+07)) + 1 / (0.1 (1.05E+07)))

67 + 0.87 0.25 (1 / 0.1 + (1.05E+07) / ((1.05E+07) 0.1)))

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