Midterm Review - 2014

Chemistry
1.

Which letter in this model represents a proton? How many protons does this element have?
Y 5 protons

2. Which letter in this model of an atom represents a neutron? How

many neutrons does this element have
X 6 neutrons
3. Which two atomic particles are used to determine an atoms mass?
X, Y Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass
4. Which letter in this model of an atom represents an electron? How
many valence electrons does the atom have? Z 3 Valence electrons
5. Using the periodic table, determine the element pictured above.
Boron
6. What are two limitations of the Bohr model?
Electrons do not orbit the nucleus like planets orbit the sun, the scale does not represent the actual size of
an atom
7. Describe the structure of an atom?
Every atom has a nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by energy levels containing
one or more electrons
8. Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an element?
Protons
9. Which subatomic particle determines the chemical properties of an element?
Valence electrons
10. Shade in location of the metals, non-metals, and metalloids located on the periodic table?

11. How is the modern periodic table organized?

The periodic table is arranged according to increasing atomic number.

12. Label the periodic table with the number of valence electrons in each family and the number of energy
shells for each period.

1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

8
2

3 4 5 6 7

13. What can you predict about an element based on where it is on the periodic table?
You can predict its physical and chemical properties (Number of Valence electrons, reactivity, etc.)
14. What are columns on the periodic table that have similar chemical and physical properties called? Groups or
Families
15. What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called? Periods
Cyclical Movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon
16. What causes day and night?
Earths rotation on its axis
17. Why does the Earth have seasons?
The Earths axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun
18. Label the seasons that the Northern Hemisphere would experience on the diagram below.

Spring
Summer

Winter

Fall

19. Draw and label the moon phase we would see at each of the positions on the diagram?
1 - First Quarter

2 - Full Moon

3 - Last Quarter

4 - New Moon

20. The phase of the moon you see depends on what?

How much of the sunlit side of the moon faces the Earth.
21. If you see a full moon tonight how much time will pass before you see the next full moon?
Four weeks
22. What is a Spring tide? Draw the positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun.
The tide with the greatest difference between the low and high tide. Spring tides occur at full and new moon.

23. What is a Neap tide? Draw the positions of the Earth,

Moon, and Sun.
The tide with the least difference between the low and
high tide. Neap tides occur at first and last quarter
moons.

Role of Oceans and Weather

24. Why does convection take place?
Warm air rises and cold air sinks, creating circulation patterns
25. What is the original source of energy that heats air and causes wind?
The sun
26. What happens as air masses move over bodies of water?
Moisture is collected and may be released as precipitation as it passes over land
27. Why do hurricanes usually form off the coast of Africa?
The water temperature is warm

28. Which diagram shows the formation of a sea breeze? Which diagram shows the formation of a land
breeze? Diagram X Land Breeze, Diagram Y Sea Breeze
29. Fill in the chart for fronts:
Type of
Description
Front
Cold
Cold fronts occur
when a colder,
drier air mass
pushes out a
warmer, wetter one
Warm
Warm fronts occur
when a warmer air
mass pushes out
cooler, drier air

Weather before the front

Thunderstorms often
occur

Fog often occurs, light

rain

Weather after
the front
Clear, crisp air
follows a cold
front

Picture/Symbol

Usually warm
humid days follow
a warm front

30. How do the oceans affect the global climate?

The ocean keeps the planets overall temperature moderate, not too hot and not too cold
31. How do warm ocean currents affect the climate of Florida?
They keep the climate warm and humid
32. Which direction do cold fronts typically move?
West to East

33. What type of weather is associated with high pressure?

Calm, clear, and sunny
34. What type of weather is associated with low pressure?
Cloudy, Rainy

Ecology
35. Define and give an example of each type of symbiotic relationship listed below:
Relationship

Definition

Example

Commensalism

One species benefits and the other is

unaffected

Shark and Remora

Mutualism

Both species benefit

Sea Anemone and Clown

Fish

Parasitism

One species benefits and the other is

injured or killed

Tapeworm and a human

Effect
t0
tt
t-

36. What are biotic factors? Give an example.

Biotic factors are all the living parts of an ecosystem. Bears, flowers, tree, fish, etc.
37. What are abiotic factors? Give an example.
Abiotic factors are all the nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Light, water, temperature, etc.

38. What role do producers play in the ecosystem?

Producers use the energy from the sun to carry out photosynthesis (make their own food). They form the
base of all food chains and pass on energy to consumers

39. Give an example of a producer/consumer relationship.

Rabbits (herbivore consumer) eat grass (producer) to obtain energy.
40. Give an example of organisms competing for abiotic factors.
Plants on the forest floor compete for sunlight

41. Describe the relationship between most predator and prey populations.
There is a direct relationship between predator and prey populations. As prey populations increase,
predator populations will also increase. As predator populations increase, prey populations will begin to
decrease, which will cause predator populations to decrease.
42. What is natural selection? How does the environment select organisms?
Some variations make individuals better adapted to their environment. Those individuals are more likely to
survive and reproduce, so in that way the environment selects organisms with helpful traits to be the
parents of the next generation.

43. How are humans dependent on the oceans?

The oceans give us more than half of the oxygen we breathe, regulate climate, and provide valuable
resources
44. What are some positive impacts humans can have on oceans?
Creating artificial reefs by sinking old ships provides more habitats for marine organisms
45. What are some negative impacts humans can have on oceans?
Human activities including building cities that dump waste, using excess fertilizers and pesticides on lawns
and in agriculture that runoff into oceans, drilling for oil, and overfishing all can negatively impact the
oceans
46. How does runoff affect coral reef systems?
Nitrogen in the water can increase the number of algae, which can lead to a lack of oxygen for fish and
other sea creatures. It can also raise the temperature of the water causing coral to die.