Math Vocabulary

Cla
ss
10

Term

Absolute
Value

11

Algebraic
Expression

16

Area
Square
Units
Base

3
Base
8

Definition

The distance between a

number and zero. It is
always positive. The
notation for absolute value
is .
A group of numbers,
operation signs, and
variables.
The measure of the surface
of a flat object. It is
measured in square units
The number to be
multiplied a specified
number of times.
The whole amount in a
percent problem.

Example

Page
Referen
ce

The absolute value of -5 is 5.

The absolute value of -2 + -5 is
7.

2x + 3

214

172

234
73 where 7 is the base
What is 20% of 300?
300% is the total or the base

136

17

Circumferen
ce

The perimeter or distance

around a circle

276

17

Composite
Figure

Objects made up of more

than one regular figure.

308

17

Cone

An object with one circular

base and one vertex.

280

17

Cube

278

17

Cylinder

A 3 dimensional object
where length, width, and
height are equal.
A 3 dimensional object with
a circular base.

Decimal
Place Values

The values of numbers on

the right side of a decimal.

Denominato
r

Bottom number of a
fraction, the total number of
equal parts in the whole

17

Diameter

A line drawn through the

center of a circle.

Difference

The answer when you

subtract

1
22

Dilation

Applying a scale factor to

an object.

10

Distance

How far a number is from

zero on the number line.

278

Tenths, hundredths, thousandths,

etc.

2
3

104
70

3 is the denominator
276

95=4
4 is the difference

-3 and 3 are both a distance of 3

from zero

42

Cla
ss

Term

Exponent
3
17

Face
Factor

Definition

The number of times a

number will be multiplied
by itself.
The sides of an object.
A number that is multiplied
or equally divisible by a
number.
The largest common factor
of a set of numbers

21

Greatest
Common
Factor (GCF)
Hypotenuse

Improper
Fraction

Fraction where the

numerator > denominator

10

Integer

Signed whole numbers and

zero. All whole positive and
negative numbers.

Example

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Referen
ce
234

73 where 3 is the exponent

A cube has 6 faces.

280

3 x 5 = 15 3 and 5 are factors

Factors of 16: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
The GCF of 8 and 20 is 4
Factors of 8: 1, 2, 4, 8
Factors of 20: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20

The longest side of a right

angle.

312

5
4

70

Integers: -5, -3, 0, 6, 56

Not integers: -5.5, 7.8,

2
3

210
, 3

1
2
8

Interest

The amount earned from

savings or the amount due
when borrowing.

13

Inverse
Operation

The opposite operation.

Least
Common
Multiple

The lowest common

multiple of a set of
numbers. Also known as
LCM.

21

Leg

The two sides of a right

triangle that form the right
angle.

12

Like vs
Unlike
Terms
Mean

Like terms contain the same

variables raised to the same
power. Unlike terms do not.
The average of a set of
numbers.

Interest = principle x rate x time

Where principle = $ borrowed or
invested
Rate = % expressed as a
decimal
Time = years
Addition vs subtraction
Multiplication vs Division
Power vs Root

146

220

The LCM of 6 and 16 is 48.

Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,
36, 42, 48
Multiples of 16: 16, 32, 48
312

Like terms: 2x, 4x, x

Unlike terms: 2x, 3y, 4x2
Given: 14, 21, 10, 3, 20, 10
Add the numbers = 78, then 6 =
13

216

184

Cla
ss

Term

Definition

Median

The middle number in a set

of ordered numbers.

Mental Math

Mixed
Number

Making calculations
mentally without paper,
pencil, or calculator.
Quantity expressed as a
whole number and a
fraction

Mode

The most frequent number.

Numerator

Top number of a fraction,

the number of parts being
referred to.

Order of
Operations

18

Ordered Pair

18

Origin

20

Parallel
Lines
Parallelogra
m
Part

17
8

Example

Page
Referen
ce

Given: 14, 21, 10, 3, 20, 10

Order: 3, 10, 10, 14, 20, 21
Find the midpoint of the middle
numbers:
10 + 14 = 24 2 = 12
10% of 400 is 40
20% of 400 is 80

184

142

1
2

72

Given: 14, 21, 10, 3, 20, 10

Mode: 10

2
3

185
70

2 is the numerator

The order or priority in

which operations are
performed.
The x and y coordinate that
identifies a point on a
coordinate plane, (x,y).
The point where the x and y
axes meet.
Lines with the same slope
or slant.
A four sided figure with
equal opposite sides.
A piece of the whole or
base.

PEMDAS ( ), Exponents/Roots
Multiply/Divide
Add/Subtract
(3,6) where 3 is the x coordinate
and 6 is the y coordinate

Of 300 people, 45 can note work

weekends. 45 is the part.

136

Percent change from $10 -> $12

=
12-10 = x
10
100
x= 20%

140

58
250

250
290
274

Percent
Increase/De
crease

The % change from the

original amount to a new
amount.

16

Perimeter

The measure around (RIM)

the edge of any flat object.

170

20

Perpendicul
ar Lines

Lines that cross at 90

degree angles.

290

18

Plane

Flat surface

250

10

Positive vs.
Negative
numbers

Positive (gain) numbers are

on the right side of zero on
the number line and
negative (loss) numbers are
on the left side of zero.
The amount of money
invested or borrowed.

Principal

210
-3

-2 -1 0

Borrowing $150,000 to purchase a

house. The principal is $150,000.

146

Cla
ss
9

Term

Probability

Definition

The chance an event will

occur.

Example

Page
Referen
ce

favorable outcome
total possible outcomes

186
The

chance of rolling a 2 on a six-sided

die is
Product
Proper
Fraction

The answer when you

multiply
Fraction where the
numerator < denominator

Proportion

Equivalent fractions

1
3

1
6

5 x 5 = 25
25 is the product

44
70

4
5
1
2

84

3
6

17

Pyramid

An object with one base and

4 equal sides.

280

18

Quadrant

The 4 sections of a
coordinate plane. The axes
divide the coordinate plane
into quadrants.
The answer when you
divide
Square root symbol

250

Quotient
1
3

Radical Sign

17

Radius

9
9

Random
Event
Range

Rate

Ratio

Reciprocal
5
16

Rectangle

A line connecting the

circles center to a point on
the circle.
No outcome is more likely
than another.
The difference between the
largest and smallest
number in a set.
The percent, either
calculated or given.
A way of comparing two
numbers using a fraction,
to, or a colon.
The result of inverting a
fraction. Used when
dividing fractions.
An object with 2 sets of
equal sides and 4 right
angles.

63 7 = 9
9 is the quotient

44

276

When flipping a coin, it is just as

likely to get heads as tails.
Given: 14, 21, 10, 3, 20, 10
Range: 21 3 = 18

186

What is 20% of 300?

20% is the rate

136

2
3

82
2 to 3 or 2:3

The reciprocal of

2
3

is

3
2

.
170

Cla
ss

Term

Definition

Example

Reducing
Fraction

Expressing a fraction in its

lowest terms.

5
10

Repeating
Decimal

A decimal that continues

indefinitely, repeating a
pattern of digits.

1
3

22

Rotation

Where an object is rotated

on a coordinate plane.

Rounding

Estimating a number to a
given place value
A factor applied to the
sketch drawing to
determine an actual
measurement of an object.
Where numbers are written
as the product of a number
between 1 and 10 and a
power of 10
The slant of a line, rise over
the run.
A form of linear equation
that identifies the slope and
y-intercept of a line.
An object with 4 equal sides
and 4 right angles.

1
17

Scale Factor

Scientific
Notation

20

Slope

20

Slope
Intercept

16

Square

122
= .333333

5,652 rounded to hundreds is

5,700

57000 = 5.7 x 104

Y=mx + b
Where m = slope, and b = yintercept

260

170

The answer when you add

Surface
Area

The total area of the outside

faces of an object.

12

Term

3xy,

22

Translation

A number or combination of
a number and one or more
variables.
Where an object is shifted
on a coordinate plane.

Unit Rate

A ratio with a denominator

of one, finding the rate per
one unit.

A car travels 360 miles in 6 hours.

The unit rate is 360 6 = 50 miles
per one hour.

Variable

Letters that represent

numbers

A=lw
Area = length x width

11

234

256

Sum

35
306

The opposite of squaring a

number.

1
17

78

1
2

Square Root
3

Page
Referen
ce

36

236

=6

The square root of 36 = 6

5 + 5 = 10
10 is the sum

6p, 9, 3b

42

216

82

214

Cla
ss

Term

Definition

Example

Page
Referen
ce

17

Vertex

A point where one or more

sides meet.

280

16

Volume

The amount of space inside

a 3-dimensional object. It is
measured in cubic units.

174

Cubic Units
17

Volume

The amount of space inside

a 3 dimensional figure.

174

18

x- axis

The horizontal line of a

coordinate graph.

250

18

y-axis

The vertical line of a

coordinate graph.

250