@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
ljut w]/} jif{ cufl8 b]lv rqmky lgdf{0f cjwf/0ff cfPklg xfn;Dd o:sf] 7f]; z'?jft
gePsf] / pkdxfgu/kflnsf ePkl5 /]vf+sg Pj+ ;Ldfg k'gM ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n]
;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u Jofks 5nkmn ul/ cfufdL cf=j=)&#.&$ df o:fsf] ;+efJotf cWoog
Pj+ lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/g]5 . o:sf nflu ?= !% kGw| nfv ljlgof]hg
ul/Psf] 5 .
rfn' cf=j= b]lv nfu' x'g] u/L ;fj{hlgs lglh ;fem]bf/L -PPP_ sfo{qmd cGt{ut slDtdf
!) j6f kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;+efJotf cWoog, cGo k|fljlws sfo{ tyf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog
u/fpg ?= @% nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} o; sfo{nfO{ cfufdL cf=j= )&#.&$ df
;d]t lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .
ut cf=a= b]lv ;~rfngdf /x]sf qmdfut of]hgfx?nfO{ k|fyldstfd} /fvL ;DkGg ul/g]5
qmdfut of]hgfx?sf] rfknfO{ sd ug]{ gLlt lnO{Psf] 5 . To;} u/L ut cf=a= d} ;~rfng
eO{ sf/0fjz e'QmfgL x'g g;s]sf qmdfut of]hgfx?sf nflu o; cf=a= df e'QmfgL ug{ yk
? ! s/f]8 %) nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
;fljs e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf leqsf clwsf+z ;8sx?sf] nut s6\6f gePsf]n] ;f] k|lqmof
cufl8 j9fpg ;DjlGwt lgsfo;+u 5nkmn ul/ cfufdL cf=j= )&#.&$ df nut s6\6f ug{
gfkL sfof{nojf6 k|fljlws ;xof]u lnO{ sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ?= % nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
;fljssf] lbofnf] a+unf, xfn g]kfn 6i6sf] hUufnfO{ pQm ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo d'tfljs s]xL
cfDbfgL ;d]t ug]{ u/L ;+rfng clwsf/ o; pdgkfdf dfu ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . lbofnf]
j+unfnfO{ ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k/fdz{df s'g} pko'Qm ljlw dfkm{t ;+rfng u/L /fhdfu{
k"j{sf] If]qdf jfn pBfg lgdf{0f ug]{ gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . pQm pBfgsf] nflu ;+efJotf
cWoog Pj+ lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg DPR tof/ ug{ /sdsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df b]zs} kfFrf} pkdxfgu/kflnsf e/tk'/df k|r'/ ljsf;sf ;+efjgf
ePtf klg xfn;Dd :t/Lo /+uzfnf, k|bz{gL :yn, ;ef ;Dd]ng s]Gb|, k':tsfno, ;+u|xfno
cflb gePsf] x'bf+ ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu pko'St hUufsf] vf]hL ul/g], tyf ;+rflnt ;+:yfsf]
:t/f]Gglt ul/g] 5 . lj:tfl/t j8fx?df hdLg pknAw ePdf ljsf;nfO{ ljs]Gb|Lt ug{
;d]t ;xof]u k'Ug hfg]5 . hdLgsf] 6'\uf] nfu]sf] cj:yfdf cfof]hgf tof/Lsf] nflu
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo cWoog ug{ cfjZos kg]{ jh]6sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
1
&=
*=
(=
!)=
!!=
!!=
!@=
!#=
pkdxfgu/kflnsf;+u ;Demf}tf gu/L cfkm' v'MzL of]hgf ;~rfng ePsf] kfO{Pdf To:tf]
of]hgfdf s'g} klg e'QmfgL lbO{g] 5}g . ? %-kfFr_ nfv eGbf j9Lsf cfof]hgfsf] xsdf
cfof]hgfsf] ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/L lbg] xf]l8 jf]8{ clgjfo{ ?kdf /fVg' kg]{ sfo{nfO{ o;
cf=a= df klg lg/Gt/tf lbO{Psf] 5 .
kf/blz{tf a[l4sf nflu ? % nfv eGbf j9Lsf cfof]hgfx?sf] ;DkGg kZrft of]hgf ;DaGwL
ljj/0f klqsfdf clgjfo{ k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 . :yfgLo
hg;xeflutf jfktsf] /sd e'QmfgL gug]{ JolQmx?sf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldlt,
6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt tyf ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] l;kmfl/;df sfnf] ;"rLdf /fvLg] 5 . To:tf
JolQm tyf ;+:yfnfO{ gu/kflnsfaf6 k|bfg u/Lg] ;]jf, ;'ljwf jGb ul/g] gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbOPsf] 5 .
gu/sf] cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 ;8ssf] Kofrjs{ sfo{ ug{ ?= &% nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
o;af6 e/tk'/sf] zx/L ;8sx? lju|g'k"j{ g} dd{t ;Def/ eO{ zx/sf] ;'Gb/tf j[4L ub}{
b'3{6gf Go"lgs/0fdf of]ubfg k'Ug] ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5 .
ljBdfg $ lkm6 eGbf cUnf kvf{nx? h'g e'sDkLo b[li6n] hf]lvd o'St Pj+ sRrf lsl;dn]
lgdf{0f ePsf kvf{n nfO{ { {j:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f ;DjGwL cfwf/e"t
lgdf{0f dfkb08@)&@ adf]lhd To:tf kvf{nx? eTsfpg nufOg] 5 . ;fy} cj aGg]
kvf{nx? Dffkb08 adf]lhd pkdxfgu/kflnsfjf6 :jLs[lt lnO{ lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{5 . of] gLlt
;/sf/L sfof{nosf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" x'g]5 .
cfufdL % jif{ leq ;x/L If]q j8f g+= !,@,#,$ / !) leqsf ^ dL= b]lv * dL= rf}8fO{
;Ddsf ;8sx?nfO{ jftfj/0f d}qL -Enter Locking Mosaic Tile_ Pj+ k"0f{ lkr u/fpg]
cjwf/0ff jdf]lhd sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 .
&) k|ltzt eGbf j9L hg;xeflutf h'6fpg] pkef]Stfx?jf6 cfPsf of]hgfx? dfu]s}
;dodf 5gf}6 ul/ ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . ;fy} o:fsf nflu ?= %)
nfv dfq pkdxfgu/kflnsfjf6 ;dk"/s sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ;+rfng ug]{ 7"nf cfof]hgfx?sf] ;+efJotf cWoog u/fpg ?= @%
nfv dfq ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . rfn' cf=j= df ;d]t o; k|of]hgsf] nflu ? #) nfv
ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 pdgkfdf l8lkcf/ -DPR_ ag]sf cfof]hgfx?sf] ;"rL tof/
x'g] / nufgL h'6fpg pkof]uL x'g] ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5 .
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]q leq cjl:yt kl6xfgL If]q tyf d+unk'/ If]qnfO{ gu/s} k|d'v
ko{6sLo If]qsf] ?kdf lj:tf/ ug{ ;+efJotf cWoog Pj+ lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/
ug]{ sfo{sf nflu ?= !% nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
^ dL= x'g' kg]{ gLlt cjnDjg u/LPsf] 5 . ;fy} e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]q leq gofF
vf]lng] ;Dk"0f{ ;8sx?sf] Go"gtd rf}8fO{ ^ dL= x'g5
] . Go"gtd rf}8fO{ ^ dL= eGbf sd
;8sx?df s'g} klg of]hgf nfu' ug{ pkdxfgu/ jfWo x'g] 5}g .
@@= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] a:tL ljsf;, zx/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f
;DaGwL cfwf/e"t dfu{bz{g, @)&@ hf/L u/L ljz]if gu/kl/ifb\ dfkm{t :jLs[t u/L
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;j} gu/kflnsfx?nfO{ kl/kq u/]sf], To; kZrft g]kfn ;/sf/
-dlGqkl/ifb\_n] ;d]t ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] kl/dflh{t dfkb08 nfu' ug]{ lg0f{o u/L k'gM kl/kq
ePsf] tyf o; pdgkfdf o; k"j{ cf=j= @)^*^( b]lv /fli6o ejg ;+xLtf@)^) nfu"
e} ;s]sf] ;Gbe{df o; k"j{ nfu" ePsf] ejg ;+xLtf, gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] u/]sf gLltut
lg0f{ox?, pdgkfsf af]8{ tyf kl/ifb\n] ;do ;dodf u/]sf ljz]if lg0f{ox? -g]kfn ;/sf/n]
lbPsf] dfu{bz{g ;+u aflemPsfsf] xsdf :jtM jb/ x'g]u/L, gjflemPsfsf] xsdf dfq_, tyf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] e"sDk kZrft tof/ u/L kqfrf/ u/]sf b'j} dfkb08x?sf] k[i7e"dLdf,
gu/kflnsfx?n] cfkm\gf] dfkb08 cfkm}+ :jLs[t ug{ kfpg] eGg] ;f]xL dfkb08sf] bkmf !&
n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L o; pdgkfsf] a:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f
;DaGwL cfwf/e"t dfkb08, @)&@ :jLs[t u/L nfu" ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 .
@#= gf/fo0fL gbL lsgf/nfO{ Ps dgf]/d ko{6sLo :ynsf] ?kdf kl/jt{g ul/ gu/sf] cfo ;|f]t
a[l4 ug]{ sfo{df pkof]usf nflu lrtjg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf]
cfk;L 5nkmn ul/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] k|d'vsf] g]t[Tjdf Ps pRr :t/Lo ;ldlt u7g
ul/ sfo{ cufl8 j9fpg cf=j= )&#.)&$ b]lv nfu" x'g] ul/ ?= !%| nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf]
5 .
@$= gS;f kf; ;DaGwdfM
s= o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08@)&@ nfu" k"j{ gS;f
kf; k|s[ofdf /x]sf !& ld6/eGbf sd prfO{sf] ejgn] e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsff/f nfu"
ul/Psf] ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 tyf ;8s P]g cg';/0f u/]sf], ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUuf
cltqmd0f gu/]sf] cj:yfdf @)&@ df3 ! ut] b]lv @)&# kf}if d;fGt leqsf] ;do lbO{
gS;f kf; ug{ cfx\jfg ubf{ ejg :jfldTjstf{n] pQm ejg tTsflng dfkb08 cg';f/
/x]sf] eGg] k|fljlws k|ltj]bg ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf :yfgLo lgsfon] tf]s]sf] k|lqmof k'ofO{
gS;f kf; u/L lbg]5 . of] Joj:yf cg';f/ lgj]bg glbPsf / ;8s, ;/sf/L, P]nfgL, klt{
hUuf cflb cltqmd0f u/]sf ejgx? pdgkfn] eTsfpg nufpg] jf eTsfpg]5 .
v=
o; cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08 nfu" x'g k"j{ o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
ufleg cfPsf gofF j8fx?df -j8f g+= !% b]lv @( ;Dd_ tTsflng uf=lj=;= x'Fbf ejg
4
;+lxtf nfu' gePsf]df pQm j8fx?df lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx?n] ;8s P]g cg';/0f u/]sf],
;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUuf cltqmd0f gu/]sf] , ;8s clwsf/ If]qaf6 5f]8\g' kg]{ ;]6 Jofs
cflb 5f]8]/ lgdf{0f ePsf] cj:yfdf @)&@ df3 ! ut] b]lv @)&# kf}if d;fGt leq e/tk'/
pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] gS;f kf; b:t'/df cfjfl;o ejgdf kRrL; k|ltzt / Jofkfl/s
ejgdf kGw| k|ltzt 5'6 lbO{ gS;f kf; u/L cfKfm\gf] clen]vdf /fVg]5 .
u= o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08@)&@ nfu" k"j{ gS;f
kf; e} lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx? xfn lgdf{0f x'g] qmddf :jLs[t gS;f eGbf km/s lgdf{0f
ePsf] b]lvPsf]df pQm k|s[ltsf ejgx?n] ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 -tTsflng ;8s clwsf/
If]q tyf ;]6 Jofs_ tyf ;8s P]g cg';/0f u/]sf], ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUuf cltqmd0f
gu/]sf] cj:yfdf @)&@ df3 ! ut] b]lv @)&# kf}if d;fGt leqsf] ;dodf gS;f ;+;f]wg
ul/ gS;f kf; ug{ tyf lgdf{0f ;DkGg lng cfx\jfg ubf{ ejg :jfldTjstf{n] pQm ejg
tTsflng dfkb08 cg';f/ /x]sf] eGg] k|fljlws k|ltj]bg ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf e/tk'/
pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] yk ePsf] If]qkmnsf] gS;f kf; b:t'/ k|lt ju{ lkm6 ?= #) -tL;_ lnO{
gS;f kf; tyf lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq lbO{g]5 .
3= o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf6 gS;f kf; u/L lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx?df tnf yk
ug{sf] nflu tTsflng gS;f kf; ePsf] ;8s dfkb08, ;8s clwsf/ If]q tyf ;]6 Jofs
k"/f ePsf, tyf ;8s P]g cg';/0f u/]sf], ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUuf cltqmd0f gu/]sf]
cj:yfdf / /fli6o ejg ;+lxtf@)^) cg';f/ cfjZostf ePdf e"sDkLo ;'b[9Ls/0f
-Retrofitting_ ;lxt tnf yksf] cg'dlt k|bfg ul/g]5 .
@% = :yfgLo ;8ssf] If]qflwsf/ (Right of Way: Row) :
s=gofF lgdf{0f x'g] ;8ssf] If]qflwsf/ ;f] ;8ssf] s]Gb| /]vfaf6 Go"gtd # ld6/ sfod
ul/Psf] 5 .
v=of] dfkb08 nfu" x'g' cufj} sfod /x]sf / :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L ejgx? lgdf{0f eO;s]sf
%) ld6/ eGbf 5f]6f af6f] (Cul-de-Sac/dead-end) sf] If]qflwsf/ of] af6f]sf] s]Gb| /]vfaf6
Go"gtd @-b'O{_ ld6/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
u=:jLs[lt k|fKt u/L ejgx? lgdf{0f eO;s]sf $-rf/_ ld6/eGbf sd rf}8f ;fj{hlgs
;8sx?sf] If]qflwsf/ ;f] ;8ssf] s]Gb| /]vfaf6 @-b'O{_ ld6/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
3=s'g} klg af6fsf] 3'DtL jf df]8sf] Go"gtd cw{Jof; #=% ld6/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 . oL
pka"Fbf v, u / 3 cg';f/ rf}8f u/]sf] af6f]df ejg lgdf{0f ug{ ;]6Aofs 5f8\g' kg]{5}g .
@^= 3/ kl/jf/ / ;d'bfo b'a}sf] k|fs[lts hf]lvdx?;Fu ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf j[l4 ug{ k|lzIf0f
sfo{qmdx?sf] dfWodaf6 ;d'bfodf kof{Kt hfgsf/L lbg / ljkb\;Fu h'em\g] Ifdtf ljsf;
ug{ cfjZos sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 . gofF ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds
5
#*= gu/jf;Lx?nfO{ zx/L ;]jf pknAw u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] nflu
cfjZos hUuf klxrfg u/L o;} cf=a= af6 ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno / ;'/IfLt vfg]kfgL
lgdf{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . o; sfo{sf] nflu ;fj{hlgs gLlh ;fem]bf/L
cjwf/0ff cg';f/ cufl8 al9g] 5 .
#(= cGt/fli6o :t/sf] v]n d}bfg, ;ef ;Dd]ng s]Gb|, kz'jwzfnf, t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'nsf] yf]s
jhf/, c6f] len]h, k|bz{gL :yn, cf}Bf]lus If]q h:tf pkgkfsf] nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0fsf] nflu hUufsf] klxrfg ug'{ h?/L e} ;s]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{x?nfO{ qmdzM 5nkmndf
NofO{, hUufsf] klxrfg ub}{, k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog nufotsf sfo{x? ug{ ?= % nfv
ljlgof]lht ul/Psf] 5 .
$)= ahf/, k;n, /]i6'/f, sfof{no jf o:t} k|sf/sf ;fO{gjf]8{, k|rf/ ;fdfu|L tyf xf]l8{ jf]8{n]
3/df pHofnf] tyf xfjfsf] k|jfx g} /f]Sg] u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] o:tf] k|rf/ tyf ;+s]t ;fdfu|L
/fVgsf] nflu dfkb08 tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 .
$!= pdgkf leqsf ;8sx?sf] Right of way df ag]sf ;+/rgfnfO{ x6fpg] cleofg ;~rfng
ug{ cfjZos ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . dfkb08 ljkl/tsf ;+/rgfnfO{ qmdzM x6fpb}
nlug] 5 .
;+rfng ul/g]5 . ;fy} ;+alGwt ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf
vf]ksf] kx"r gk'u]sf lkl58f ;d'bfo nlIftsf nfuL yk sfo{s|dx? ;d]t ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
#= afn>d sfg"gL / ;dfdflhs ck/fw xf] . t;y{ pdgkf leq ;+rfng x'g] sfo{ tyf
s[ofsnfkx?df afn>ldssf] k|of]u / kl/rfngnfO{ lgif]w ul/g] gLltsf] cjnDjg ul/g]5 .
o;sf nflu pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq /x]sf s'g} klg AoQmL, 3/ / kl/jf/df afn>d k|of]u
ul/Psf] k|df0fLt ePdf b08Lt ug]{ gLlt lnO{Psf]5 .
$= pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq /x]sf 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, j8f ;ldlt dfkm{t 6f]n / j8fnfO{
afn>d d'Qm 3f]if0ff cleofg s|dzM ;+rnfg ug]{ gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g]5 . ;fy} afn>d
k|of]u gug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] x:tfIf/ cleofg ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
%= Affn >d zf]if0f lj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfOg] 5 . jfn lxt / ;+/If0fsf
sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] ;j} k|sf/sf lx+;f, b'Jojxf/, a]rljvg,
oftgf, ckx/0f / e]befj d"Qm agfpg cfjZos sfo{ of]hgf / ;+/If0f k|0fnL o;} cf=j= df
th'{df ul/ ;f] sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog NofO{g] 5 . o;sf nfuL ;/sf/L / /fli6o tyf
cGt{/fli6o ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]u ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf afn>d, ;8s afnaflnsf nufot cGo
c;xfo, kl/jf/ ljxLg tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf afnjflnsfx?sf] klxrfg, p4f/ tyf k'g{:yfkgfsf
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . o;sf nflu cNksflng jfn ;+/If0f cf>o
:yn -Transit Home_ sf] :yfkgf, ;+rfng Pj+ Aofj:yfkgfdf bft[ lgsfo, ;/sf/L tyf u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfx? ;+u ;xof]u, ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo ul/g]5 .
^= hGd btf{ afnaflnsfsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] . afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ cleofg k|To]s j8f
j8fdf /fhg}lts kf6L{, gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;ldlt,
ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh ;+usf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{df j8f ;ldlt dfkm{t ;+rfng
ul/g]5 .
&= pkdxfgu/kflnsf] of]hgf th'{df, sfo{s|d / cg'udgdf afnafnlsfx?sf] cy{k"0f{
;xeflutfdf / j8f tyf gu/ afn ;+hfnsf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf] ;fy} k|efjsf/L ls|oflzntfdf
hf]8 lbg] gLlt lnO{Psf]5 .
*= o'lg;]km nufotsf /fli6o tyf cGt{/fli6o ljsf; ;fe]mbf/x?sf] ;xof]u, ;dGjo /
;fe]mbf/Ldf e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf nfO{ la=;+= @)&^ ;fn ;Dddf jfnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ug{
cfjZos ;"rsx? k'/f ug{ /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 . o;sf nflu
afnsf]ifaf6 afnaflnsf ;+aGwL k|j4{gfTds sfo{s|dx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;+rfng ul/g] gLlt
lnO{Psf] 5 .
9
HIV/AIDS
- _ dlxnf tkm{M
!= dlxnfx?sf nflu n3' pBd Joj;fo tfnLd k|bfg u/L pBd Joj;fo dfkm{t cfly{s ?kdf
;jn agfOg] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;zlQms/0f ub}{ gu/ ljsf;df
dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg ;xeflutf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 .
@= ;dfj]zL cjwf/0ff cg'?k :yfgLo zf;g / ljsf;df dlxnfsf] ;+nUgtf a[l4 ul/ ljleGg
Ifdtf ljsf;sf cj;/x? NofOg] 5 .
#= dlxnf lx+;f tyf dlxnf dfly x'g] b'Ao{axf/ /f]Sg z'Go zxglzntfsf] gLlt canDag ul/g] 5
.
r_ cfly{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs kdf k5fl8 k/]sf ju{ M
!= Ho]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, ckftf ePsf JolQmx, dw];L,
d'lZnd tyf lk58fju{ cflbsf] xs clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu hLjg:t/ ;'wf/ Pj+ Ifdtf
11
12
pdgkfsf] sfo{df ;xof]uL e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjosf
nflu gu/ :t/Lo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf ;dGjo ;ldlt lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .
$= gu/sf] ljleGg If]qdf ;fd'bflos ;xeflutfdf ;fj{hlgs k':tsfno :yfkgf, ;~rfng /
k|j4{g ug{sf nflu kxn ul/g] 5 .
14
(= gu/ If]qleq o;} cfly{s aif{ b]lv yk hUuf ljsf; sfo{s|d -Landpooling_ ;+rfng ug{ kxn
ul/g] 5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ pQm If]qsf] ljsf; ;d]t ug]{ u/L of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t tyf
;fFw lsnf] ldnfpg] u/L dfq klg ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . ctM cfkm\gf] If]qdf
o; k|sf/sf hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;d'bfox?nfO{ cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .
16
Joj;foLxnfO{ ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 u/fO{, ;f]xL ;xsf/L ;+:yf;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf jwzfnf lgdf{0f
ug{ k|oTg ul/g]5 .
!%= jftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|fk, @)&) g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf;
dGqfnoaf6 hf/L eO{;s]sf]n] ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 .
!^= jftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag sfo{qmd cGt{ut :jR5 phf{;}o{ ;8s alQsf] nflu
6f]naf;L ;+u cfk;L 5nkmn u/L epdgkf / 6f]nsf] ;+o'Qm nuflg -%) k|ltzt nuflgdf_ df
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfO{g] 5 .
!&= p=d=g=kf=sf] d'Vo :yfgdf cJojl:yt gf/fo0fL gbLsf] ;+/If0f tyf dgf]/d ko{6lso :yn
agfpg ;/f]sf/jfnf pwf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, :yflgo 6f]n tyf :yflgo cGo ;+3 ;+:yfsf]
;xsfo{df of]hgf agfO{ cuf8L a9fO{g] 5 .
!*= gu/If]qleq /x]sf ;Dkbfx, d7dlGb/, rf}tf/f, kf6Lkf}jf dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;+/If0f ug{]
sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . rf}tf/f dd{t;+ef/ / ;+/If0fdf ;fem]bf/L ul/g] 5 . k|fs[lts
;|f]t, ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs ;Dkbfxsf] clen]vg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbO{g] 5 .
!(= e/tk'/ gu/ If]qnfO{ Knfli6s emf]nf lgif]lwt If]q agfpg] Pj+ ds{/L -kf/f]_ / ln8 -lz;f_
d'Qm gu/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ gLlt lnOg] 5 .
@)= gu/kflnsfsf] ;/;kmfO{ vr{sf] t'ngfdf ;/;kmfO{ z'Nssf] cfDbfgL %) k|ltzt eGbf Go"g
/x]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0fx?n] ubf{ cfufdL aif{sf] z"Nsdf ;fdfGo a[l4 u/Lg] 5 . ;/;kmfO{
z'Ns nfu" ul/Psf If]qx?df ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu o:tf] z'Ns clgjfo{ ?kdf ltg]{ Joj:yf
nfu" ul/g] 5 .
/fhZj tyf >f]t kl/rfng / s/, b:t'/, z'Ns ;+sng ;DaGwL gLlt
1=
2=
3=
pdgkf :tl/o gu/ ;8s u'?of]hgf th'{dfsf] clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] sf/0fn] pQm u'?of]hgf
lgdf{0f ePkZrft Plss[t ;DklQ s/sf] d"Nofg k|of]hgsf] nflu ;8ssf] :t/ ;f]xL
u'?of]hgfn] PsLg u/] jdf]lhd sfod ul/g]5 . of] k|fjwfg rfn' cfly{s aif{af6} s[oflzn
x'g]5 .
5= >f]t kl/rfng / Aoj:yfkgdf gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;Ifd / cfTdlge{/ agfpg, k|rlnt sfg'g
adf]lhd kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg] /fhZjsf ;a} >f]tx?sf] j:t'k/s klxrfg, laZn]if0f, k|If]k0f /
kl/rfng ul/g]5 .
6= >f]t kl/rfngnfO{ ;dtfd'ns, k|ultlzn / Gofok"0f{ agfO{g] 5 . ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf Pj+
s/bftfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf /fhZj clea[l4 ul/ s'n ah]6df cfGtl/s cfDbfgLsf] c+z a[l4
ul/b} nlug]5 .
7= Plss[t ;DklQ s/sf] nflu ul/g] hUufsf] d"Nofg, /lhi6]zg k|of]hgsf] nflu sfod
ul/Psf] Go"gtd\ d'Nofg eGbf w]/} sd sfod ul/g' ;du|df ;DklQdf cfwfl/t s/sf]
dfGotfsf] k|lts'n cEof; xf] . Pp6} ;/sf/L ;+oGq leq Pp6} ;DklQnfO{ km/s km/s
d"Nofg sfod ul/g' s;/L ;xL dfGg ;lsPnf /< of] cEof;n] s]xL xb ;Dd s/bftfx?nfO{
/fxt lbPh:tf] b]lvPtf klg ck|ToIf ?kdf /fhZj ;+u ljsf; ;f6\g gkfpg],
hg;xeflutfsf] cg'kft pkef]QmfnfO{ Hofbf kg{ hfg], tyf ljsf; k|fKt ug{ nfdf] ;do
k|ltIff ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf kg{ hfG5 . ctM cfufdL # aif{ kZrft ul/g] Plss[t ;DklQ s/sf]
b/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ hUufsf] Go"gtd\ d"Nofg ;+u tfbTDotf sfod ug]{ u/L, o; k6ssf] nflu
;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+u 5nkmn u/L, pQm d"Nofgsf] slDtdf $) b]vL ^) k|ltzt sfod ug]{
gLlt lnO{Psf] 5 .
8= gu/kflnsf If]qleq Joj;fo ug]{ Joj;foLx?sf] aflif{s Joj;fo s/sf >]0fL tyf b/
jdf]lhd s/bftf klxrfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf k]zf Joj;fosf] cfsf/ Pj+ 7fp+ ljz]ifsf] cfwf/df
Joj;fos/ lgwf{/0f tyf c;'nL k|s[ofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{g]5 . Joj;fo s/ k|efjsf/L
c;'nLsf nflu sd{rf/Lsf] 6f]nL u7g ul/ 3/b}nf] cleofg ;+rfng ul/g]5 . vl6g]
sd{rf/LnfO{ k|f]T;fxg eQf lbOg] Joj:yf ldnfO{g]5 .
9= Joj;fo s/ ;+sngdf lrtjg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 / e/tk'/ gu/kflnsfn] ljutdf u/]sf]
;fem]bf/Lsf] cEof; xfn lg/Gt/ gePsf] ;Gbe{df cfk;L 5nkmn dfkm{t ljZjf; clej[l4
ub}{ ;femf lgZsif{sf] vf]hL ul/g] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf axfn s/sf] ;Gbe{df ;d]t o:tf]
;fem]bf/L ug{ pjf;+nfO{ pTk]|l/t ul/Psf] 5 .
10= 3/jxfn s/nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg cfGt/Ls /fhZj sfof{no, lrtjg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3,
lrtjg pBf]u ;+3, 3/jxfn pkef]Qmf d~r tyf cGo ;/f]sf/ tyf ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?sf]
;xof]u / ;xsfo{df 5nkmnsf dfWodaf6 tYofs+ Jojl:yt ug]{ tyf s/ c;'nLnfO{
k|efjsf/L agfOg] 5 .
11= dgf]/~hg s/sf nflu ut ljut aif{x?df h:t} l;g]df xnx?n] Eof6 sfof{nodf a'emfpg]
ljj/0fsf cfwf/df dfl;s ?kdf % k|ltztn] x'g] dgf]/~hg s/ jfktsf] /sd xnx?nfO{
dlxgf ljt]sf] csf]{ @% ut] blv d;fGt leq a'emfpg kg]{ gLlt sfod ul/g]5 . cGo d]nf
dxf]T;jdf sfo{qmd x]/L tf]lsOP adf]lhd Psd'i7 jf l6s6sf cfwf/df s/ nufpg] lglt
lnOg]5 .
12= rfn' cf=a=)&@.&# b]lv yk ePsf j8fg+= !% b]lv @( ;Dd Plss[t ;DklQ s/sf nflu
4=
18
hUufsf] d"Nofs+g sfod ul/ ;lsPsf] / s/ c;'nL e} /x]sf] 5 eg] ;fljs j8fg+= ! b]lv
!$ ;Ddsf] xsdf cfufdL cf=a= )&#.&$ df d"Nofs+g b/ kl/dfh{g ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n]
Plss[t ;DklQs/sf] d'Nofs+g ljlwnfO{ ;do;fk]If ;'wf/ ul/ oyf{yk/s d'Nofs+gsf
cfwf/df s/ lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . ;fljssf pNn]lvt j8fx?df xfn sfod /x]sf] d"Nofs+g b/
kl/dfh{g ug{ Ps sfo{bn tof/ ul/ sfo{fGjog ug{ g=kf= jf]8{nfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg
ul/Psf] 5 .
13= ;+/rgfsf] d"Nofs+g b/ ;d]t ;+zf]lwt lgodfjnL cg';f/ sfod ul/g]5 . jSof}tf c;"nL
sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cuf8L a9fO{g]5 .
14= >f]tkl/rng / Aoj:yfkgnfO{ a}1flgs, oyf{yk/s / sDKo'6/Ls[t u/L Aojl:yt /
cWofjlws ug{ Database tof/ u/L k|of]u ul/g]5 . o;sf] lgldQ pko"Qm Computer
Software sf] Aoj:yf ug"{sf ;fy} sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4df laz]if Wofg
lbOg]5 .
15= gu/kflnsfn] ug]{ /fhZj ;DaGwL lg0f{o / cfly{s sf/f]]jf/df kf/blz{tf / ;xeflutf k|aw{g
ul/g]5 . lalQo cg'zf;g sfod ug{ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLnfO{ ;Ifd agfO{ laQLo
;'rgfsf] clen]v / k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLnfO{ lgoldt / Aojl:yt ul/g]5 .
16= g=kf=4f/f axfndf nufO{Psf ;DkQLx?sf] axfn aGbf]a:t ubf{ k|lt:kwf{Tds lawL k|s[of
ckgfO{ k|rlnt ahf/b/sf] cfwf/ sfod u/L axfn aGbf]a:t ub}{ nlug]5 .
17= gu/kflnsfaf6 ;/;kmfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf If]qx?sf ;j} 3/ kl/jf/xf]6n/]i6"/]06
Aoj;fo Joj;foL sDkgL, ;+3;+:yf, cGo Joj;fo ug]{x?;+u dfl;s ?kdf tf]lsP adf]lhd
;/;kmfO{ ;]jf z'Ns lnOg]5 . cfufdL cf=j= af6 pQm If]qsf JolQmx?n] ;/;kmfO{ ;]jf z'Ns
lt/]kl5 dfq cGo ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
18= e/tk'/ tyf gf/fo0fu9 If]qdf a9\bf] cJojl:yt kfls{u+nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L Jojl:yt ;z'Ns
kfls{u+ :ynx?sf] klxrfg / ljsf; ub}{ gu/kflnsfsf] cfodf a[l4 ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g]
5.
19= /fhZj zfvfnfO{ ef}lts ;"ljwf;DkGg agfO{ bIf sd{rf/Lx?sf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . s/
;+sng sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ g=kf= sf] lg0f{ofg";f/ k|f]T;fxg eQf Pj+
k'/:sf/ pknJw u/fOg]5 .
20= cfkm\gf] jf ;+uf]n kl/jf/ -Psf3/_ sf ;b:on] g=kf=nfO{ e"Qmfg ug"{kg{] s/ z"Ns, b:t"/
;dodf e'Qmfg gu/L aSof}tf sfod /fVg] s/bftfnfO{ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq lng]
l;kmfl/z afx]s g=kf=af6 k|bfg ul/g] cGo ;j} l;kmfl/; jf ;]jf ;"ljwf /f]Ssf ul/g]5 .
21= /fhZj ;+sng sfo{nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L jgfpg g=kf=sf ljleGg zfvf, O{sfO{ / j8f
sfof{nox? ;d]t af6 gu/jf;Lx?nfO{ ;]jf ;"ljwf pknAw u/fpbf g=kf=nfO{ e"Qmfg ug'{kg{]
s'g} s/ z'Ns b:t"/ af+sL g/x]sf] cfwf/df pknAw u/fpg] / g=kf=sf] ;Dk'0f{ zfvfx?nfO{
/fhZj zfvf;+u PsLs[t ug]{ Joj:yf ;"b[9 ul/g]5 . rfn' cf=j= d} pdgkfn] :yfkgf ug]{
tof/L u/]sf ;]jf s]Gb|x? dfkm{t ;j} k|sf/sf s/ b:t'/ a'emfpg] ;'ljwf gu/af;Lx?nfO{
pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
19
lgb]{lzsfnfO{ ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g ub{} nlug] 5 . gu/ k|x/Lsf] sfo{ ;+DkfbgnfO{ cem}
k|efjsf/L jgfpb} ahf/ cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f nfO{ yk ltj|tf lbOg] 5 .
(= lj:tfl/t j8fx?df cnUu} j8f sfof{nox?sf] ejg lgdf{0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . Ps
aif{df Pp6f j8f sfof{no ejgsf] lgdf{0f tyf Pp6f j8f sfof{no ejgsf] dd{t ug]{ gLlt
cjnDag ul/g] 5 . lj:tfl/t If]qdf cnUu} j8f sfof{no dfu ug]{ gful/sx?nfO{ To:tf]
ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ hUufsf] Joj:yfkg u/L pdgkfdf dfu k7fpg cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 . o;} u/L
gu/kflnsfsf] xftf leq sfof{nocfjf; ejg lgdf0f{ yfngL ul/g] 5 . lo b'O{ k|of]hgsf]
nflu k"jf{wf/ tkm{sf] jh]6af6 cfjZos ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
!)= ahf/ If]qdf km'6kfy tyf 7]nf lgif]lwt sfo{qmdnfO{ cem} s8fO{sf ;fy sfof{Gjog ub}{ z"Go
;xgzLntfsf] gLlt cjnDjg ul/g] 5 . jftfj/0f tyf WjgL k|b'if0fdf gs/fTds c;/ k'
ofpg] lgDg ultsf / gu/ cg'dlt gkfPsf ;jf/LnfO{ ;x/L If]qdf k|j]z lgif]w ul/g] 5 .
!! = s/, b:t'/x?sf] k'0f{ hfgsf/L / kmf/dx? j]j;fO{6df /flvg] 5 . cgnfO{g tyf Od]n
dfkm{t s/ ljj/0f k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 . ;"rgf k|lalwsf] dfWod4f/f s/ k|zf;gdf
b]lvg] :t/sf] kl/jt{g cfpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
21