Biologi Modul Pahang 2015 PDF
Biologi Modul Pahang 2015 PDF
No.
S1
Soalan Question
Rajah 1 menunjukkan peringkat organisasi sel pada manusia.
Diagram 1 shows the levels of cell organisation in human.
Rajah 1 / Diagram 1
(a) Terangkan bagaimana peringkat R terbentuk.
Explain how level R is formed.
(2 m)
(b) Terangkan fungsi jus gastrik yang dihasilkan oleh kelenjar gastrik.
Explain the function of gastric juice produced by the gastric gland. (3 m)
(c) Sekiranya seorang individu memakan buah mangga yang masam dalam
jumlah yang banyak, adakah beliau masih memerlukan jus gastrik untuk
membantu proses pencernaan yang berlaku di dalam perutnya?
If an individual eats sour mango fruits in big quantity, does he still need
gastric juices to help the digestion process in his stomach?
Petunjuk
Clues
(2 m)
Jawapan
Answer
(a)
(b)
..
(c)
..
S2
Rajah 1.1 dan 1.2 menunjukkan dua cara pergerakan bahan merentas membran sel.
Diagrams 1.1 and 12 show two different methods of movement of substances
across the plasma membrane of a cell.
(a) Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara cara pergerakan bahan yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 1.1 dengan Rajah 1.2.
State two differences between the methods of movement of substances shown
in Diagrams 1.1 and 1.2.
(2 m)
(2 m)
(c) Jika bahan pada Rajah 1.2 adalah ion-ion kalsium, huraikan bagaimana ion-ion
tersebut diangkut ke dalam sel.
If the substances in Diagram 1.2 are calcium ions, describe how they are
transported into the cell.
Petunjuk
Clues
(4 m)
(b) Kenalpasti ciri glukosa yang menyebabkannya tidak boleh melalui membran
4551/2 Hak Cipta JUJ Pahang 2015
(a) ........................................................................................................................
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(b) ........................................................................................................................
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(c) ........................................................................................................................
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S3
Rajah 2 menunjukkan turutan langkah-langkah dalam sintesis suatu enzim luar sel
dalam sel pankreas manusia. Langkah-langkah itu dilabelkan sebagai Langkah I,
Langkah II dan Langkah III. Langkah I menunjukkan perubahan bahagian
tertentu rantai DNA. Rantai DNA yang terlibat mengandungi tiga bes nitrogen,
CTC.
Diagram 4 shows a sequence of stages in the synthesis of an extracellular enzyme
in human pancreatic cells. The stages are labelled as Stage I, Stage II and Stage
III. Stage I shows a changes in the specific part of a DNA strand. The DNA strand
involved contains three nitrogenous bases, CTC.
Rajah 2 / Diagram 2
(a) Terangkan perubahan yang berlaku dalam rantai heliks ganda dua DNA
semasa Langkah I.
Explain the changes that occurred in the double helix of the DNA strand
during Stage I.
(2 m)
(2 m)
(1 m)
Explain how the protein formed at the ribosome is transformed into the
extracellular enzyme so that it can be secreted from the cell.
Petunjuk
Clues
(3 m)
(a) Terangkan peringkat pertama sintesis enzim luar sel yang berlaku dalam
nukleus sel pankreas manusia.
Explain the first stage in the synthesis of extracellular enzyme in the nucleus
of a human pancreatic cell.
(b)* Terangkan apa yang terjadi kepada mRNA dalam langkah II.
Explain what happens to mRNA in stage II.
* Apakah hasil akhir langkah III?
What is the end product of stage III?
(c)(i) * Apakah binaan asas rantai polipeptida dan rantai DNA?
What polypeptides and DNA strands made up of?
* Apakah bentuk rantai polipeptida dan rantai DNA?
What is the structure of polypeptides and DNA strands?
(ii) Berapakah bilangan rantai nukleotida pada DNA dan mRNA?
How many strands of nucleotide do DNA and mRNA have?
(d)* Ke manakah perginya protein yang dihasilkan oleh ribosom?
Where does protein synthesised by ribosomes go?
* Apakah yang berlaku kepada protein dalam jasad Golgi?
What happens to the protein in the Golgi apparatus?
* Bagaimanakah enzim luar sel tersebut dirembeskan keluar daripada sel?
How the extracellular enzyme is secreted from the cell?
Jawapan
Answer
(a) ........................................................................................................................
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(b) ........................................................................................................................
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(c)(i)
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(c)(ii)
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(d)
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S4
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan tiga peringkat mitosis, P, Q dan R dalam sel haiwan.
Diagram 3.1 shows three stages of mitosis, P, Q and R, in an animal cell.
Diagram 3.1
(3 m)
(2 m)
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
(a)
Answer
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(b)
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S5
Rajah 4 / Diagram 4
(a) Terangkan tindak balas yang berlaku di X.
Explain the reaction that occurs in X.
(2m)
(b) Terangkan apa yang terjadi dalam tindak balas di Y sekiranya tindak balas
di X tidak berlaku.
4551/2 Hak Cipta JUJ Pahang 2015
Explain what happens to the reaction in Y if the reaction at X does not take
place.
(3m)
(c) Ramalkan kesan ke atas tindak balas dalam X di kawasan yang mengalami
jerebu.
Predict the effect on the reaction at a place that experiences haze.
Petunjuk
(1m)
Clues
: tapak fotosintesis
Jawapan
(a)
Answer
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(b)
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(c)
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S6
Rajah 5 / Diagram 5
(a) Terangkan peranan tulang rusuk dan otot diafragma dalam mekanisme tarik
nafas .
Explain the role of ribs and diaphragm muscles in the mechanism of
inhalation.
(4 m)
(b) Terangkan kesan ke atas isipadu rongga toraks dan tekanan dalam rongga
toraks akibat aktiviti yang berlaku pada tulang rusuk dan diafragma di atas.
Explain the effect on the volume of thoracic cavity and the pressure of the
thoracic cavity caused by the above activities of ribs and diaphragm.
4551/2 Hak Cipta JUJ Pahang 2015
(2 m)
10
(c) Dalam satu kemalangan jalan raya, diafragma seorang mangsa telah terkoyak.
Akibatnya, diafragma itu tidak boleh berfungsi.
Terangkan bagaimana kecederaan ini memberi kesan kepada mekanisme
pernafasan.
In a road accident, the diaphragm of a victim was torn.
As a result, the diaphragm does not function.
Explain how the injuries affect the breathing mechanism.
Petunjuk
Clues
(2 m)
(a)* Apakah yang terjadi kepada tulang rusuk semasa menarik nafas?
What happens to the ribs during inhalation?
* Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.
Give a reason for your answer.
* Apakah bentuk diafragma semasa menarik nafas?
What is the shape of diaphragm during inhalation?
* Apakah faedah mempunyai bentuk diafragma yang sebegini?
What is the advantage to have this shape?
(b)* Adakah tekanan udara dalam rongga toraks meningkat apabila isipadu
rongga toraks meningkat?
Does the air pressure in the thoracic cavity increase when the volume of
thoracic cavity increases?
* Apakah kesannya?
What is the effect?
(c)* Sekiranya diafragma tidak berfungsi, apakah kesannya ke atas tekanan udara
dan isipadu dalam rongga toraks?
If the diaphragm does not function, what is the effect on air pressure and
volume of chest cavity?
* Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada mangsa kemalangan.
Predict what will happen to the victim.
11
Jawapan
Answer
(a) ........................................................................................................................
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(b) ........................................................................................................................
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S7
Saiz populasi spesies burung tertentu yang hidup dalam satu kawasan berubahubah kerana beberapa faktor seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.
The size of a population of a certain species of bird living in a particular area
fluctuates due to a number of factors, as shown in Diagram 6.
Rajah 6 / Diagram 6
(a) A dan B adalah dua faktor yang menyebabkan populasi spesies burung itu
meningkat. Apakah A dan B?
A and B are two factors which cause the size of the population of the species
of bird to increase. What are A and B?
(2 m)
12
(b) C dan D adalah dua faktor yang menyebabkan populasi spesies burung itu
berkurang. Apakah C dan D?
C and D are two factors which cause the size of the population of the species
of bird to decrease. What are C and D?
(2 m)
(4 m)
Jawapan
Answer
(a) A: ..........................................................................................................................
B: .........................................................................................................................
(b) C: .........................................................................................................................
D: ........................................................................................................................
(c)
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13
S8
Rajah 7 menunjukkan sumber dan kesan pencemaran air terhadap tiga zon sungai
yang berlainan.
Diagram 7 shows the source and effects of water pollution at three different zones
of a river.
Rajah 7 / Diagram 7
(3 m)
(3 m)
(c) Tanah pertanian dan ladang penternakan diubah menjadi tapak untuk
pembinaan kilang. Air dari sungai digunakan untuk menyejukkan kondenser
dalam kilang sebelum disalurkan semula ke dalam sungai.
Agricultural and animal plantations are converted into industrial area.
Water from river is used to cool down the condenser in the factory before it
flows back to the river.
(i) Apakah jenis pencemaran yang berlaku di dalam sungai?
What type of pollution occurs in the river?
(1 m)
(ii) Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada hidupan akuatik di dalam sungai.
Berikan alasan anda.
Predict what will happen to the aquatic organisms in the river.
Give your reasons.
(3 m)
14
oksigen terlarut?
Does the increase of bacteria population at zone X increase the
concentration of dissolved oxygen?
* Apabila populasi bakteria berkurang di zonY, apakah kesannya ke atas
kepekatan oksigen terlarut?
When the population of bacteria at zon Y become less, what is the effect on
the concentration of dissolved oxygen?
* Populasi bakteria di zon Z terus berkurang, apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh
graf mengenai kepekatan oksigen terlarut?
Population of bacteria at zone Z is getting lesser, what is shown on the
graph about the concentration of dissolved oxygen?
(b)* Mengapakah bakteria di zon X menjadi banyak?
Why the bacteria at zone X become more?
* Apakah aktiviti yang dijalankan oleh bakteria tersebut?
What is the activity done by the bacteria?
* Apakah kesannya ke atas kepekatan oksigen terlarut di dalam air sungai?
What is the effect on the concentration of dissolved oxygen?
(c)(i)* Nyatakan suhu air yang keluar dari penyejukan kondenser.
State the temperature of water drained from the cooling down of
condenser.
(ii)*Apakah kesan suhu tinggi ke atas kepekatan oksigen terlarut di dalam air
sungai?
What is the effect of high temperature on the concentration of dissolved
oxygen?
*Adakah ini memberi kesan ke atas BOD?
Does this affect the BOD?
*Nyatakan kesannya ke atas hidupan akuatik.
State its effect on aquatic organisms.
15
Jawapan
Answer
(a)
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(b)
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(c)(i)
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(ii)
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S9
Rajah 8/ Diagram 8
4551/2 Hak Cipta JUJ Pahang 2015
16
[1m]
(b) Huraikan ciri-ciri otot yang membenarkan jantung berfungsi dengan cekap.
Explain the characteristics of the muscle which allow the heart to function
efficiently.
[2m]
(c) Nodus sino atrial terletak di kanan dinding atria bertindak sebagai perentak.
Jelaskan peranan perentak dalam memastikan jantung mengepam darah dengan
cekap.
The sino-atrial node located in the right atrial wall that acts like a pacemaker.
Explain the role of the pacemaker to ensure the heart pumps blood efficiently.
[2m]
(d) Walaupun fungsi perentak ialah memastikan jantung mengepam darah dengan
cekap, perentak turut dikawal oleh dua set saraf dan hormon.
Huraikan pernyataan di atas.
Although the function of pacemaker is to ensure the heart pumps blood
efficiently, the pacemaker itself is regulated by two set of nerves and hormones.
Explain the statement above.
[2m]
(e) Apabila kita mendengar degupan jantung melalui stetoskop, kita dapat
mendengar bunyi lubb-dubb. Terangkan mengapa.
When we listen to our heartbeat through a stethoscope, we can hear a lubbdubb sound. Explain why.
[3m]
Petunjuk
Clues
17
The sino-atrial node located at the right atrial wall that acts like pacemaker.
Student must explain the way pacemaker work to ensure the heart pump blood
efficiently.
d)*Terangkan mana bunyi yang dahulu, mana yang kedua, pelajar dapat
mengenalpasti bunyi yang pertama dan kedua datang dari mana.
Explain which sound come first and second, then student should be able to
identify, causes of the sound.
Jawapan
Answer
(a)
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(b)
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(c)
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(d)
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S10
Rajah 9 menunjukkan bahagian batang satu pokok yang gelang kulitnya telah
dibuang. Pokok tersebut disiram dengan air setiap hari.
Diagram 9 show the part of stem of tree where the ring of bark has been removed.
The tree is watered every day.
18
Permulaan
Beginning
Rajah 9 / Diagram 9
(a) Berdasarkan Rajah 9, terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada pokok tersebut
selepas satu bulan.
Based on diagram 9, explain what happens to the tree after one month.
[4 m]
Petunjuk
Clues
(a)*Pelajar sepatutnya dapat menjelaskan apa yang berlaku pada kulit gelang yang
telah di buang.
*Student able to explain what happens to tree which the ring of the bark has
been removed after one month.
Jawapan
Answer
....................................................................................................................................
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....................................................................................................................................
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19
S11
Ciri khas:
Special characteristic:
Rajah 10 / Diagram 10
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
a) Pada kotak yang disediakan pada Rajah
10, namakan vertebra dalam kawasan P
dan R. Nyatakan ciri khas yang terdapat pada strukturnya.
In boxes provided at Diagram 10, name vertebra in region P and R. State their
special structure characteristic.
[4 m]
b) Vertebra pada bahagian Q dan R mempunyai variasi dalam saiz dan bentuk
tetapi semuanya masih mempunyai persamaan struktur.Terangkan persamaan
itu.
Vertebra in region Q and R have variation in the size and shape but all still
have similar structure.
Explain the similarity.
[2 m]
20
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Answer
S12
R
P
Q
Rajah 11 / Diagram 11
(a)
ii
[4m]
[3m]
21
(b)
Kekejangan otot, distrofi otot, osteoporosis dan artritis adalah empat jenis
masalah kesihatan berkaitan sistem otot rangka. Nyatakan perkara yang
menyebabkan setiap masalah dan cadangkan cara untuk mengatasi
masalah tersebut.
Muscle cramp, muscular dystrophy, osteoporosis and arthritis are four
health problems related to the musculoskeletal system. State the causes of
each problem and suggest ways to overcome these health problems.
[10 m]
Petunjuk
(a) (i) *Pelajar boleh menerangkan jenis rangka bagi organism P dan Q dengan
Clues
tepat.
*Able to state and explain the type of skeleton in organism P and Q
correctly.
Menyatakan ciri rangka tersebut:
(ii)*Boleh menyatakan satu persamaan.
*Able to state one similarity.
*Boleh menyatakan dua perbezaan antara Q dan R.
*Able to state two differences.
(b)*Pelajar boleh menyatakan masalah dan mencadangkan cara untuk mengatasi
masalah kesihatan.
*Able to state the cause of each problem and suggest ways to overcome each
health problem.
Jawapan
Answer
(ii)
Persamaan:
S1 ...................................................................................................................
S2 ...................................................................................................................
22
Perbezaan:
D1
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
D2
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(b)
1.
Kekejangan Otot
F1: .................................................................................................................
E1: .................................................................................................................
2. Distrofi Otot
F2: .................................................................................................................
E2.1: ..............................................................................................................
E2.2: ..............................................................................................................
3. Osteoporosis
F3: .................................................................................................................
E3.1: ..............................................................................................................
E3.2: ..............................................................................................................
E3.3: ..............................................................................................................
4. Artritis
F4: .................................................................................................................
E4: ................................................................................................................
S13
Rajah 12 menunjukkan sebahagian otak manusia, buah pinggang dan nefron yang
terlibat di dalam pengosmokawalaturan.
Diagram 12 shows a part of human brain, kidney and a nephron which involve in
the process of osmoregulation.
23
Hipotalamus
Individu Y:
Kelenjar adrenal
Buah pinggang
Kapsul Bowman
Tubul
Distal
Tubul
Pengumpul
Nefron
Arteri renal
Rajah 12 / Diagram 12
(a) Apakah fungsi buah pinggang dalam pengosmokawalaturan?
What is the function of kidney in osmoregulation?
[2 markah]
b) Individu Y telah minum air secara berlebihan.
Individual Y drinks excessive water.
(c) Sekiranya individu Y makan makanan yang terlalu masin, kelenjar adrenal
akan merembeskan kurang hormon Q.
4551/2 Hak Cipta JUJ Pahang 2015
24
If individual Y eating a very salty food, the adrenal gland will release less
hormone Q .
(i)
Apakah hormon Q?
What is hormone Q?
[1 markah]
(ii)
(d)
25
(i)
Petunjuk
Clues
pengosmokawalaturan.
Student must be able to state the function of kidney in osmoregulation.
(b)(i) Pelajar mesti menyatakan tekanan osmotic darah selepas minum air
berlebihan.
Able to state the blood osmotic pressure after drinking excess of water.
(ii) Pelajar mesti menerangkan keadaan hipotalamus dan kelenjar M terhadap
tindakbalas minum air berlebihan.
Able to explain hypothalamus and gland M response to the condition after
drinking access of water.
(c) (i) Pelajar boleh menyatakan hormon Q.
Able to state the hormone Q.
(ii) Pelajar boleh menyatakan mekanisme hormone Q mengembalikan tekanan
osmotik kembali kepada aras normal.
Able to explain the mechanism of hormone Q to restore the osmotic pressure
back to normal levels.
(d)(i) Boleh menerangkan operasi mesin dialisis.
Able to explain the operation of haemodialysis machine.
Jawapan
Answer
(a)
E1: ..............................................................................................................................
E2: ..............................................................................................................................
(b)(i) ...........................................................................................................................
(ii) Hipotalamus: ........................................................................................................
E1: ..............................................................................................................................
Kelenjar M:
E2: ..............................................................................................................................
26
E3: ..............................................................................................................................
E4: ..............................................................................................................................
(c) (i) Hormon Q: .......................................................................................................
(c)(ii)
E1:...............................................................................................................................
E2: ..............................................................................................................................
(d)(i)
E1: ..............................................................................................................................
E2: ..............................................................................................................................
S14
27
(d) Terangkan kenapa struktur U terdapat dalam jumlah yang banyak dalam
bonggol sinaps.
Explain why structure U is found in large quantities in the synaptic knob.
[1 markah]
(e) Dadah perangsang ialah dadah yang menganggu tindakan neurotransmiter
dan juga menganggu sistem saraf. Berikan contoh dadah perangsang dan
kesan kepada neurotransmiter.
Stimulants drug interfere the neurotransmitters dan disrupt the
functioning of nervous system. Give one example of a stimulant and
decribe its effect on neurotransmitters
(i) Contoh dadah/ Example:
(ii) kesan kepada neurotransmitter/ Effect on neurotrasmitters
[2 markah]
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Answer
(a) ...............................................................................................................................
(b) ...............................................................................................................................
(c) E1-.........................................................................................................................
28
E2..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
(d) E1- ........................................................................................................................
(e)(i) ...........................................................................................................................
(e)(ii) E1- ...................................................................................................................
S15
Light rays
Sinaran cahaya
Rajah 14 / Diagram 14
........................................................................................................................
[3 markah]
4551/2 Hak Cipta JUJ Pahang 2015
29
Rajah 14.1 menunjukkan arah pertumbuhan plumul dan radikel biji benih yang
diletakkan secara mendatar semasa percambahan.
Diagram 14.1 shows the direction of growth of the plumule and the radicle of a
seedling which is placed in a horizontal position during germination.
Plumul
Radikel
Plumul
Radicle
Biji benih
Seed weed
Rajah 14/ Diagram 14
Petunjuk
Clues
30
Jawapan
Answer
(a)(i) ...........................................................................................................................
(a)(ii) P1: ....................................................................................................................
P2: ....................................................................................................................
E3: .....................................................................................................................
E4: .....................................................................................................................
S16
(a) Rajah 15.1 menunjukkan kitar haid seorang perempuan. Tahap hormon dan
ketebalan dinding endometrium dikaji selama 8 minggu.
Figure 15.1 shows the menstrual cycle for a woman. The study of the
hormone level and the thicker of endometrium wall for abaout 8 weeks.
Rajah 15.1 / Diagram 15.1
(i)
31
(iii) Jika perempuan tersebut telah mengandung, lukiskan tahap D, F dan ketebalan
dinding endometrium pada graf yang sama.
If the woman get pregnant, draw hormone level D and F and the thickerner
of the endometrium wall
[3 markah]
32
Jawapan
Answer
(a)(i) D: ......................................................................................................................
F: ......................................................................................................................
(ii) ..........................................................................................................................
F: ...........................................................................................................................
(iii)
33
S17
Rajah 10.1
(a) Dengan menggunakan maklumat yang diberikan pada Rajah 16.1, lukis
rajah skema untuk menunjukkan pewarisan albino dalam keluarga Ramli
sehingga generasi filial pertama. Alel normal (A) adalah dominan terhadap
alel untuk albino (a).
Using information given in fugure 16.1, draw schematic diagram to show
albinisme inheritance in Ramlis family until first filial. Normal allele (A)
is dominan to albino allele (a).
[4m]
(b) Berdasarkan Rajah 10.1, tentukan genotip bagi individu X.
Based on figure 10.1, determine the genotype for X.
[1m]
Berapakah peratus fenotip albino bagi generasi filial kedua?
How many percentage albino phynotype in second filial generation?
[1m]
Petunjuk
Clues
34
Jawapan
(a)
Answer
(b) ...
(c) ..
S18
Rajah 17 menunjukkan dua jenis arnab, Lepus alleni dan Lepus articus.
Diagram 17 show two varieties of rabbit, Lepus alleni and Lepus articus.
Lepus alleni
Lepus articus
(a) Nyatakan sama ada perbezaan ciri-ciri di antara Lepus alleni and Lepus articus
merupakan contoh variasi?
State whether the different characteristics between Lepus alleni and Lepus
articus are examples of variation?
[2m]
4551/2 Hak Cipta JUJ Pahang 2015
35
b ) Jelaskan dua ciri-ciri berbeza di antara Lepus alleni dan Lepus articus yang
membantu mereka menyesuaikan diri di dalam habitat masing-masing
Explain two different characteristics between Lepus alleni and Lepus articus
on how to help them to survive in their respective habitat.
[4m]
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Answer
(a) ...
(b) ..
F1-
E1- ..
E2-...
Lepus articus
F1-
E1-...
E2-...
36
E1
Rajah 18 menunjukkan struktur satu organisma unisel yang hidup dalam kolam air
tawar.
Diagram 18 shows the structure of a unicellular organism which is lives in a
freshwater pond.
Rajah 18 / Diagram 18
Terangkan fungsi X dalam proses pengosmokawalaturan
Explain the function of X in osmoregulation process
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
Anda perlu beri sekurang-kurangnya empat poin untuk skor soalan ini.
You need to give at least four points to score this question.
Apakah X?
What is X?
Jawapan: Vakuol mengecut
Answer: Conctractile vacuole
Perkataan pengosmokawalaturan:
Word osmoregulation:
OSMO = Osmosis
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1: ..............................................................................................................................
P2: ..............................................................................................................................
P3: ..............................................................................................................................
P4: ..............................................................................................................................
P5: ..............................................................................................................................
P6: ..............................................................................................................................
37
E2
Petunjuk
Clues
Anda perlu beri sekurang-kurangnya empat poin untuk skor soalan ini.
You should give at least four points to score this question.
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1: ..............................................................................................................................
P2: ..............................................................................................................................
P3: ..............................................................................................................................
P4: ..............................................................................................................................
P5: ..............................................................................................................................
P6: ..............................................................................................................................
38
E3
Dalam suatu proses penyediaan makanan, seorang suri rumah telah melakukan
langkah-langkah berikut:
Langkah 1: Perap kepingan daging dengan hirisan buah betik muda dalam sebuah
besen.
Step 1: Marinate pieces of meat with strips of unripe papaya in a basin.
Langkah 2: Rendam besen itu ke dalam bekas berisi air pada suhu 400C selama 30
minit seperti dalam Rajah 19.
Step 2: Soak the basin into the container of water at 400C for 30 minutes as shown
in the diagram 19.
Rajah 19 / Diagram 19
Terangkan mengapa suri rumah itu melakukan Langkah 1 dan Langkah 2.
Explain why the housewife did step 1 and step 3.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
39
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ..............................................................................................................................
P2 ..............................................................................................................................
P3 ..............................................................................................................................
P4 ..............................................................................................................................
P5 ..............................................................................................................................
E4
X
Y
Rajah 20 / Diagram 20
Huraikan perlakuan kromosom semasa peringkat itu.
Describe the chromosomes behaviour during the stage.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
40
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ..............................................................................................................................
P2 ..............................................................................................................................
P3 ..............................................................................................................................
P4 ..............................................................................................................................
P5 ..............................................................................................................................
P6 ..............................................................................................................................
P7 ..............................................................................................................................
P8 ..............................................................................................................................
E5
Rajah 21 / Diagram 21
Pundi hempedu, pankreas dan usus kecil adalah struktur-struktur yang terlibat
dalam memproses molekul lemak.
Terangkan proses-proses yang berlaku kepada molekul lemak sehingga boleh
digunakan oleh sel-sel badan.
Gall bladder, pancreas and small interstine are structures involved in the
processing of the fat molecule.
Explain the processes which occur to the fat molecule until it can be used by the
body cells.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
41
Petunjuk
Clues
42
Jawapan
Pencernaan Digestion
Scheme:
D1 ..............................................................................................................................
D2 ..............................................................................................................................
D3..............................................................................................................................
D4 ..............................................................................................................................
D5 ..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
Penyerapan Absorption
A1 ..............................................................................................................................
A2 ..............................................................................................................................
A3 ..............................................................................................................................
A4 ..............................................................................................................................
A5 ..............................................................................................................................
Asimilasi Assimilation
S1 ..............................................................................................................................
S2 ..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
43
E6i
Rajah 22 / Diagram 22
(a) Nyatakan maksud fotosintesis berpandukan rajah skema dalam Rajah di atas.
State the meaning of photosynthesis based on the schematic diagram in
diagram above.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
glukosa + oksigen
Klorofil chlorophyll
Bahan mentah raw materials
Hasil products
glucose + oxygen
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ..............................................................................................................................
P2 ..............................................................................................................................
44
E6ii
(b) Bermula daripada air dan karbon dioksida sebagai bahan mentah, terangkan
bagaimana tumbuhan hijau menghasilkan kanji.
Starting with water and carbon dioxide as the raw materials, explain how a
green plant produces starch.
[8 markah]
[8 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
klorofil chlorophyll
Perlu dinyatakan proses yang berlaku dalam tindak balas cahaya dan gelap.
Should state the process take place in light and dark reactions.
Nyatakan di mana berlakunya tindak balas cahaya dan gelap pada organel
kloroplas.
State where the light and dark reaction take place in the chloroplast.
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ..............................................................................................................................
P2 ..............................................................................................................................
P3 ..............................................................................................................................
P4 ..............................................................................................................................
P5 ..............................................................................................................................
P6 ..............................................................................................................................
45
P7 ..............................................................................................................................
P8 ..............................................................................................................................
P9 ..............................................................................................................................
P10 .............................................................................................................................
P11 .............................................................................................................................
E7
Jadual 1 menunjukkan makanan yang diambil oleh seorang budak lelaki berumur
15 tahun dalam menu hariannya. Keperluan tenaga harian budak itu ialah 12500
kJ.
Table 1 shows the food intake by a boy aged 15 years in his daily manu. The daily
energy requirement for him is 12500 kJ.
Jenis makanan
Types of food
Nasi Rice
Kandungan tenaga/ kJ
Energy content/ kJ
1600
Kentang 46oring
500
1000
300
300
150
630
50
3000
Susu Milk
280
300
Sosej Sausage
300
500
Sardin Sardine
150
900
Potato chips
Kari ayam
Chicken curry
Telur rebus
Boiled egg
Mentega
Butter
Jadual 1 / Table 1
(i) Berdasarkan jadual 1, nyatakan nilai tenaga yang terkandung dalam pemakanan
hariannya. Adakah pengambilan makanan itu memenuhi keperluan tenaga
hariannya?
Based on the table 1, state the value energy contained in his daily food intake.
Does the food intake satisfy his daily energy requirement?
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
4551/2 Hak Cipta JUJ Pahang 2015
46
(ii) Budak lelaki ini mengambil menu ini secara berterusan dalam jangka masa
yang panjang.
Terangkan akibatnya terhadap kesihatan budak lelaki ini.
This boy takes this menu continuosly for a long time.
Explain the consequences to his health.
[8 markah]
[8 marks]
Petunjuk (i) Ada dua soalan yang ditanya iaitu nilai tenaga dan Adakah pengambilan
Clues
Jawapan
(i)
Scheme:
F1 ...............................................................................................................................
F2 ...............................................................................................................................
(ii) F1 .........................................................................................................................
C1 .........................................................................................................................
F2 .........................................................................................................................
C2 ..........................................................................................................................
F3 .........................................................................................................................
C3 .........................................................................................................................
F4 .........................................................................................................................
C4 .........................................................................................................................
F5 .........................................................................................................................
C5 .........................................................................................................................
47
F6 .........................................................................................................................
C6 .........................................................................................................................
E8
Nyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sistem respirasi manusia dengan sistem
respirasi belalang berdasarkan struktur adaptasi untuk memaksimakan kadar
pertukaran gas.
State the similarities and differences between human and grasshoppers
respiratory system based structural adaptation to maximise the rate of gaseous
exchange.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Persamaan Similarities
Scheme:
S1 ...............................................................................................................................
E1................................................................................................................................
S2 ...............................................................................................................................
E2 ...............................................................................................................................
48
S3 ..............................................................................................................................
E3 ...............................................................................................................................
S4 ...............................................................................................................................
Perbezaan Differences
Manusia Human
Serangga insect
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
E5
D9
49
E9
Clues
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ...............................................................................................................................
P2 ...............................................................................................................................
P3 ...............................................................................................................................
P4 ...............................................................................................................................
P5 ..............................................................................................................................
P6 ...............................................................................................................................
P7 ...............................................................................................................................
50
E10
Pernafasan adalah proses luar kawal yang dikawal oleh pusat pernafasan dalam
medula oblongata.
Jelaskan apa yang berlaku kepada kadar pernafasan bagi seorang pendaki apabila
berada di puncak gunung yang tinggi.
Breathing is an involuntary process to the rate of breathing in the medulla
oblongata.
Describe what happen to the rate of breathing to a climber when been on the top
of high mountain.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
Cuba anda fikir, apabila kita berada di tempat tinggi adakah semakin
mudah atau sukar untuk bernafas?
Try to think, when we are on the high altitude is easier or harder to
breath?
Jika sukar untuk bernafas, maknanya gas apa yang kurang? Oksigen atau
karbon dioksida?
If hard to breath, means what gas less? An oxygen or carbon dioxide?
Oleh itu, di sini anda perlu mengaplikasi mekanisme suap balik negative
agar pendaki tersebut selamat.
Thus, here you need to apply the negative feedback mechanism so that the
climber should survive.
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 .............................................................................................................................
P2 .............................................................................................................................
P3 .............................................................................................................................
P4 .............................................................................................................................
P5 .............................................................................................................................
P6 .............................................................................................................................
P7 .............................................................................................................................
P8 .............................................................................................................................
P9 .............................................................................................................................
P10 ............................................................................................................................
51
P11 .............................................................................................................................
E11
Rajah 24 / Diagram 24
Namakan dan huraikan interaksi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah di atas.
Name and describe the interaction shown in diagram above.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ............................................................................................................................
P2 ............................................................................................................................
P3 ............................................................................................................................
P4 ............................................................................................................................
P5 ............................................................................................................................
52
E12
Seorang peladang mendapati apabila bilangan tikus bertambah, hasil buah kelapa
sawit berkurangan.
Cadangkan bagaimana peladang itu dapat mengawal populasi tikus tanpa
menggunakan racun perosak.
Terangkan bagaimana kaedah itu berfungsi.
A farmer found that when the number of mice increases, the yield of palm fruits
decreases.
Suggest how the farmer can control population of mice without the use of
pesticides.
Explain how the method works.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ...............................................................................................................................
P2 ...............................................................................................................................
P3 ...............................................................................................................................
P4 ..............................................................................................................................
P5 ..............................................................................................................................
P6 .............................................................................................................................
53
E13
Rajah 25 / Diagram 25
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pengkolonian dan penyesaran dalam suatu
habitat?
Berdasarkan Rajah di atas, terangkan bagaimana pengkolonian dan penyesaran
membawa kepada pembentukan hutan primer?
What is meant by colonisation and succession in a habitat?
Based on diagram above, explain how colonisation and succession bring about
the formation of the primary forest.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
54
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
P2 ...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
P3 ...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
P4 ...............................................................................................................................
P5 ...............................................................................................................................
P6 ...............................................................................................................................
P7 ...............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
P8 ...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
P9 ..............................................................................................................................
P10 .............................................................................................................................
P11 .............................................................................................................................
P12 .............................................................................................................................
P13 .............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
P14 .............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
55
E14
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan anda mestilah merujuk kepada struktur unik yang terdapat pada
pokok bakau.
Your answer must be referred to the uniqueness structure of the mangrove
swamp.
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ...............................................................................................................................
P2 ...............................................................................................................................
P3 ...............................................................................................................................
P4 ...............................................................................................................................
P5 ...............................................................................................................................
P6 ..............................................................................................................................
P7 ..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
P8 ...............................................................................................................................
P9 ...............................................................................................................................
P10 .............................................................................................................................
P11 .............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
P12 .............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
P13 .............................................................................................................................
P14 .............................................................................................................................
P15 ............................................................................................................................
P16 .............................................................................................................................
56
P17 .............................................................................................................................
E15
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan anda juga perlu merangkumi kesan jika tiada usaha menambah
baik kualiti air sungai.
Your answer should cover the effect if there no effort to upgrade the
quality of river water.
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ...............................................................................................................................
P2 ...............................................................................................................................
P3 ...............................................................................................................................
P4 ...............................................................................................................................
P5 ...............................................................................................................................
P6 ...............................................................................................................................
P7 ...............................................................................................................................
P8 ...............................................................................................................................
P9 ...............................................................................................................................
P10 .............................................................................................................................
57
P11 .............................................................................................................................
P12 .............................................................................................................................
P13 .............................................................................................................................
P14 .............................................................................................................................
P15 .............................................................................................................................
P16 .............................................................................................................................
P17 .............................................................................................................................
P18 .............................................................................................................................
P19 .............................................................................................................................
E16
Rajah 26 / Diagram 26
Berdasarkan Rajah 26, terangkan bagaimana mikroorganisma mengekalkan
kandungan sebatian X dalam tanah.
Based on the diagram 26, explain how the microorganism maintains the
composition of compound X in the soil.
[8 markah]
[8 marks]
58
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ............................................................................................................................
P2 ............................................................................................................................
P3 ............................................................................................................................
P4 ............................................................................................................................
P5 ............................................................................................................................
P6 ............................................................................................................................
P7 ............................................................................................................................
P8 ............................................................................................................................
P9 ............................................................................................................................
P10 ..........................................................................................................................
P11 ..........................................................................................................................
59
E17
Rajah 27 / Diagram 27
Bincangkan kesan baik dan kesan buruk kedua-dua aktiviti yang ditunjukkan pada
Rajah di atas. Perbincangan harus berdasarkan impak pada pertanian dan alam
sekitar.
Discuss the good and bad effects of both activities as shown on diagram above.
Discussion should base on the impact on an agriculture and environment.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan anda mestilah mengandungi kesan baik dan kesan buruk menabur
baja.
Your answer should include the effects of good and bad effects of fertilizer
input.
Jawapan anda juga perlu mengandungi kesan baik dan kesan buruk
menyembur racun serangga.
Your answer should contain the good and bad effects of spraying
insecticides.
60
Jawapan
Scheme:
Kesan buruk
Bad impact
B1 ............................................................................................................................
B2 ............................................................................................................................
B3 ............................................................................................................................
B4 ............................................................................................................................
B5 ............................................................................................................................
Kesan buruk
Bad Impact
B6 ............................................................................................................................
B7 ............................................................................................................................
B8 ............................................................................................................................
B9 ............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
B10 ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
61
E18
Rajah 28 menunjukkan tiga tong sampah kitar semula P, Q dan R. Tong sampah
kitar semula ini digunakan untuk mengumpul bahan-bahan terpakai.
Diagram 28 shows three recycle bins P, Q and R. These recycle bins are used to
collect used materials.
Used glass
Plastik terpakai
Used plastic
Rajah 28 / Diagram 28
62
separately.
Murid harus tahu setiap bahan seperti kertas, kaca dan plastik berasal
daripada mana.
Students should know each material such as paper, glass and plastic
comes from where.
Jawapan
Kertas Paper,
Scheme:
P1 ............................................................................................................................
P2 ............................................................................................................................
P3............................................................................................................................
P4 ............................................................................................................................
P5 ............................................................................................................................
P6 ............................................................................................................................
P7 ............................................................................................................................
P8 ............................................................................................................................
P9 ............................................................................................................................
P10 ..........................................................................................................................
P11 ..........................................................................................................................
Kaca Glass,
G1 ..............................................................................................................................
G2 ..............................................................................................................................
G3 .............................................................................................................................
G4 ..............................................................................................................................
G5 ..............................................................................................................................
G6 .............................................................................................................................
Plastik Plastic,
L1 ............................................................................................................................
L2 ............................................................................................................................
L3 ............................................................................................................................
L4 .............................................................................................................................
L5 ............................................................................................................................
63
L6 ............................................................................................................................
L7 ............................................................................................................................
L8 ............................................................................................................................
L9 ............................................................................................................................
E19
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ............................................................................................................................
P2 ............................................................................................................................
P3 ............................................................................................................................
P4 ............................................................................................................................
P5 ............................................................................................................................
E20
Petunjuk
Clues
Untuk soalan seumpama ini, murid boleh membuat imaginasi salur darah
manusia sama seperti salur paip.
For questions like this, students can make the blood vessels of the human
imagination like pipelines.
64
P1 ............................................................................................................................
P2 ............................................................................................................................
P3 ............................................................................................................................
P4 ............................................................................................................................
P5 ............................................................................................................................
P6 ............................................................................................................................
P7 ............................................................................................................................
P8 ............................................................................................................................
E21
Rajah 29 menunjukkan bahagian batang satu pokok yang gelang kulitnya telah
dibuang. Pokok tersebut disiram dengan air setiap hari.
Diagram 29 shows the part of a stem of a tree where the ring of bark has been
removed. The tree is watered every day.
Rajah 29 / Diagram 29
Berdasarkan rajah, terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada pokok tersebut selepas satu
bulan.
Based on the diagram, explain what happens to the tree after one month.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
Petunjuk
Clues
65
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ............................................................................................................................
P2 ............................................................................................................................
P3 ............................................................................................................................
P4 ............................................................................................................................
E22
Rajah 30 / Diagram 30
Murid tidak perlu menerangkan proses pengangkutan air dari akar ke daun.
Students do not have to explain the process of transporting water from the
roots to the leaves.
66
Jawapan
Scheme:
E0 ............................................................................................................................
E1 ............................................................................................................................
E2 ............................................................................................................................
E3 ............................................................................................................................
E4 ............................................................................................................................
E5 ............................................................................................................................
E6 ............................................................................................................................
E7 ............................................................................................................................
E8 ............................................................................................................................
E9 ............................................................................................................................
E23
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ............................................................................................................................
P2 ............................................................................................................................
P3 ............................................................................................................................
P4 ............................................................................................................................
P5 ............................................................................................................................
P6 ............................................................................................................................
67
P7 ............................................................................................................................
P8 ............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
P9 ............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
E24
Hormon korionik gonadotrof (HCG) manusia mempunyai peranan yang sama
seperti hormon peluteinan (LH). Seorang wanita menghadapi masalah tidak
boleh hamil disebabkan kegagalan dalam pengovulan. Wanita itu telah hamil
selepas doktor memberikannya suntikan HCG.
Human Chorionic gonadothrophin hormone (HCG) has a similar role to
luteinising hormone (LH). A woman has a problem conceiving due to failure in
ovulation. The woman becomes pregnant after a doctor has given her
injections of HCG.
Petunjuk
Clues
68
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ............................................................................................................................
P2 ............................................................................................................................
P3 ............................................................................................................................
P4 ............................................................................................................................
P5 ............................................................................................................................
P5 ............................................................................................................................
P6 ............................................................................................................................
E25
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Scheme:
P1 ............................................................................................................................
P2 .............................................................................................................................
P3 ............................................................................................................................
P4 ............................................................................................................................
P5 ............................................................................................................................
P6 ............................................................................................................................
P7 ............................................................................................................................
P8 ............................................................................................................................
P9 ............................................................................................................................
69
E26
Petunjuk
Clues
Jawapan
Scheme:
Kebaikan
Keburukan
Aspects
Advantages
Disadvantages
70
Kebaikan
Keburukan
Aspect
Advantage
Disadvantage
71
72