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presents

QUANT
FOR

CAT 2009

VENN DIAGRAMS

Venn Diagrams with 2 groups

B

n
Only A

Only B
Both A & B

Not A or B

Problem

Of all CAT aspirants, 80% spend time for Quant

whereas 60% spend time for verbal. If only those
users will crack CAT who spend time for both,
what percentage of CAT aspirants

will crack CAT?

will not crack CAT?

Solution

QA = 80 => a+c = 80 -> (1)

VA = 60 => b+c = 60 -> (2)
Now, a+b+c+n = 100
As n = 0 , a+b+c = 100 -> (3)

QA = 80

VA = 60

Add (1) & (2)

a

a+b+2c = 140

n= 0
Only QA

Now, from (3) - (4)

Only VA
Not QA or VA = 0

a+b+2c = 140
a+b+c = 100

Both QA & VA

C = 40, These 40% qualify CAT

So 60% dont qualify CAT.

Venn Diagrams with 3 groups

Both A & B
Only B

A
d

None of A,B,C

Only A
Both A & C

Only C

All A, B & C

Both B & C

Problem CAT 2003

A survey on a sample of 25 new cars being sold at a local

auto dealer was conducted to see which of the three popular
options - air conditioning, radio and power windows were
already installed. The survey found:

15 had air conditioning

2 had air conditioning and power windows but no radios
12 had radio
6 had air conditioning and radio but no power windows
11 had power windows
4 had radio and power windows
3 had all three options.

What is the number of cars that had none of the options?

1. 4
2. 3
3. 1
4. 2

Solution

Lets fill in the Venn Diagram with the info given :

Both A & R
Radio

AC

4
2

6
3

Only R

None of
A,R,P

5
Only A
Both A & P

PW
Only P

n=?
All A, R & P

Both R & P

Solution

contd

As we know total number of cars = 25

a+b+c+d+e+f+g+n = 25
a+b+c+d+e+f+g = 23

Filling in the required values we get

n=2

Problem : (CAT 2003- Leaked)

New Age Consultants have three consultants Gyani, Medha and

Buddhi.

The sum of the number of projects handled by Gyani and Buddhi

individually is equal to the number of projects in which Medha is
involved.

All three consultants are involved together in 6 projects.

Gyani works with Medha in 14 projects.

Buddhi has 2 projects with Medha but without Gyani, and 3

projects with Gyani but without Medha.

The total number of projects for New Age Consultants is one less
than twice the number of projects in which more than one
consultant is involved.

Problem

contd

What is the number of projects in which Gyani alone

is involved?
1.
0
2.
1.
3.
4.
4.
cannot be determined

What is the number of projects in which Medha

alone is involved?
1.
0
2.
1.
3.
4.
4.
cannot be determined

Solution:

Filling in the values given:

Both G & M
Medha

Gyani

a
3

8
6

Only M

None of
G,M,B

b
Only G
Both G &
B

Buddhi
Only B

n=0
All G, M &
B

Both M & B

Solution:

contd

We are left with the last line :

The total number of projects for New Age Consultants is one

less than twice the number of projects in which more than
one consultant is involved.

Total = a+b+c+d+e+f+g+n=2(d+e+f+g) - 1
Now, n = 0, d = 8, e = 6, g = 2
a+c = b + 16
Also, Total no. = 2 (8+6+3+2) 1 = 37

We cannot determine a and c individually.

So, answer to Q1 is Option 4. Cannot be determined

Solution:

contd

But, from Total = a+b+c+d+e+f+g = 37, we get

a+b+c = 37 (d+e+f+g) = 37-(8+6+2+3) = 19
So, a+b+c = 19 and a+c = b 16,

Using both the above equations, we get b = 1

Answer to Q2 is Option 2 ie., 1,

Maxima and Minima

Both A & B
Only B

B=1

A=1
1

None of A,B,C

Only A
Both A & C

C=0

Only C

All A, B & C

Both B & C

Maxima and Minima

contd

Both A & B
Only B

B=1

A=1
0

None of A,B,C

Only A
Both A & C

C=1

Only C

All A, B & C

Both B & C

Maxima and Minima

contd

Adding 1 element to intersection of 2 sets

gives surplus of 1 element.

Adding 1 element to intersection of 3 sets

gives surplus of 2 elements.

Problem:

According to a survey, at least 70% of

people like apples, at least 75% like
bananas and at least 80% like cherries.
What is the minimum percentage of
people who like all three?

Solution

percentage of people who like apples +

percentage of people who like bananas +
percentage of people who like cherries =

70% + 75% + 80% = 225%

A surplus of 125%.

Solution

Now this surplus can be accommodated by

adding elements

contd

to either intersection of only two sets or

to intersection of only three sets.

For minima of intersection of 3 sets =>

Put 100% in intersection of 2 sets (this is max. for this area)

Left over 25% has to be accommodated in intersection of 3
sets.
So Minima of intersection of 3 sets = minimum %age of
people who like all 3 fruits = 25%

Problem

In a college, where every student follows at least

one of the three activities- drama, sports, or arts:

65% follow drama,

86% follow sports, and
57% follow arts.

What can be the maximum and minimum

percentage of students who follow

1
2

all three activities

exactly two activities

Solution

Calculate surplus :

Drama + Sports + Arts = 65+86+57 = 208%

Surplus = 208 100 = 108%

Now, surplus can be accommodated in 2

ways :

Maximum in 2 only and minimum in all 3

Maximum in All 3 and minimum in 2 only

Solution

Maximum in 2 only and minimum in all 3:

contd

100% can be accommodated in 2 only

8% will have to be accommodated in all 3.
Maximum percentage who follow 2 events = 100

Some Answers :

Minimum percentage who follow all 3 = 8

Max. percentage who follow exactly 2 = 100 8 = 92%

Solution

Maximum in All 3 and minimum in 2 only:

contd

As 1 in All 3 area causes increase of surplus as 2.

If we put 54% in all 3 -> surplus = 54 x 2 = 108.

Some Answers :

Max. who follow all 3 = 54%

Min. no. who follow exactly 2 = 0%

Exercises

Do Check out the exercise given along

with the lesson for more practice
problems of this type.
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