4

such as word, phrases, and causes. Second, the function of the conjunction so, they
can stick the element of sentences together in logical meaning and within the
relationship. Kalkstein et al (1976) mention before using a coordinating conjunction
we must determine the relationship between the among the elements of the sentences
and then choose the conjunction to express the relationship.
Table 2.1
No.

Relationship

Coordinating Conjunction

1.
2.
3.
4.

Addition
Contras
Result
Choice

And
But
So
Or

The mnemonic acronym FANBOYS may be used to remember these, with

each letter being the initial letter of a conjunction.
Table 2.2
No.

Conjunctions

Functions

1.
2.
3.

And
But
Or

Used to connect words, phrases, or clauses.

Indicates a contras or exception.
Presents opinion, alternatives, or substitutes for ideas of

4.

So

equal importance.
Shows the consequence of related ideas.

In writing, it is likely to find conjunction and, but, and or connecting words,

phrases or even clauses. According to Bates (1993: 32) said that without conjunction,

writing hard to read and to understand because the connection between the ideas is
not clear or unrelated sentences. So conjunctions are one important aspect in writing.
It can be used to know the relationship between different ideas. In writing, function of
conjunctions is to help you express your different ideas clearly when you are writing
anything (Reid, 1985: 21).
2.2 Conjunction as a Part of Speech
In writing in English, it is difficult t make a good and interesting paragraph
because to make only some good sentences students must have enough vocabulary
and know how to use the structure correctly.
This word is from the Latin con meaning together and jungere meaning to
join. A conjunction joins two more parts of speech of a similar kind or two or more
parts of a sentence. ( Barbara, 1993:73)
To make good sentence we have to know the eighth parts of speech in
English. All language is made up of words, each of which has a specific function.
According to (Riyani, 2006: 13) This is called functions the part of speech. The
eighth parts of speech in English are nouns, pronoun, adjectives, verbs, adverbs,
conjunctions, preposition, and interjection. So, conjunctions are used to join
sentences as well as part of sentences.
2.3 Conjunction
A conjunction is a word which connects word, phrases, sentences, or
paragraphs. The distinction between a preposition and a conjunction is that a
preposition takes an object, while a conjunction does not. Kaeni & Almascatie, 1965:

126).
Conjunctions are used to join sentences as well as parts of sentences. (Krohn,
1970: 286).
Conjunctions are words or phrases that clarify relationship between clauses
conjoin means to join together. (Sharpe, 1997: 189).
Conjunction is a word used to connecting words, phrases, or clauses within a
sentence. One used the conjunction is to connect words or phrases that have the same
grammatical function in a sentence. (Rizka, 2015:153)
Conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. Conjunction joins
words, phrases, or clauses and they indicate the relation between the elements joined.
It means conjunctions always come between two independent clauses.
2.4 Kinds of Conjunctions
There are five conjunctions which are used in writing such as coordinator
(Coordinator conjunction), subordinators (Subordinating conjunction), correlative
conjunction, and conjunctive adverb and time conjunctions. However, for junior high
school level especially the eighth grade students only study conjunction focusing
three conjunction (and, but, and or).
1. And is used to indicated the two clauses express equal, similar ideas
(addition), and is used to combine nouns and to show time.
Example: My hobby is singing and swimming
2. But is used to indicate the two clauses express equal, contrasting ideas
(contras), but is used to indicate and exception or a conflict and to show

selection.
Example: We went to Jakarta yesterday, but he didnt follow us.
3. Or is used to indicate the two clauses express alternative possibilities
(choice or alternative), so is used to show the result of something and to
provide additional information.
Example: I didnt talked or saw him yesterday.
Students must be concentrated on some elements such as; punctuation,
capitalization, word choice, organization, quality and development idea, and grammar
which conjunction is included. But or junior high school level especially the eighth
grade students only study conjunction focusing three conjunction (and, but and or).
The use of conjunction requires us to use:
a. Use and to link words that are similar.
b. Use but to link words that are different and do not normally go together.
c.Use or to talk about choices.