PERSAMA
AAN ENER
RGI DALAM
M ALIRAN FLUIDA
B
Basis
hitungan
-
Nera
aca massa
Nera
aca energi (energy relation)
N
Neraca
Ma
assa
m1
m2
2
m = m2
m1
A1 V1 1
v
= A2 V2 2
= kecepa
atan rata-ra
ata dalam aliran
a
pipa
Fluida incompersible :
= 2
A1 V1 = A2 V2
Fluida incompersible dan
d luas tampang pipa
a tetap.
V1 = V2
m1 + m2 + m3
= m4 + m5
A1 V1 1 + A2 V2 2 + A3 V3 3
= A4 V4 4 + A5 V5 5
A Energy
A.
y Balance In Flow Sys
stem
mv 2
)
2
= Energi Keluar
1
1
mv12 + mgz1 + P1V1 + q ws = U2 +
mv22 + mgz2 + P2V2 . . .. .(1)
2
2
1
U + ( mv2 ) + (mgz) + PV = q ws
2
. . . . . . . . .(2)
Termodinamika
H
= U + PV
. . . . . . . . .(3)
= U + PV
. . . . . . . . .(4)
55
= q ws
. . . . . . . . .(5)
U =
T ds + P (dV) + d + A dm A + m B dm B . . . . . . . . .(6)
Heat
compression Surface
effectts
effects
Chemical
effecs
effects
PV =
P dV + V dP
. . . . . . . . .(7)
2
T dS P dV + ( 1 2 mv ) + (mgz) + P dV + V dP = q ws .. . . . . . . (8)
2
T
1
dS + ( 2 mv ) + (mgz) + V dP = q Ws
1
. . . . . . . . .(9)
T dS
= q + lw
. . . . . . . .(10)
V dP + ( 2
mv 2 ) + (mgz)
= Ws lw
. . . . . . . .(11)
2
m V dP + ( 1 2 mv ) + (mgz)
= Ws lw
56
. . . . . . . .(12)
m P
Vol
massa
. . . . . . . .(13)
+ (1/2mv2) + (mgz)
P v 2
+
g 2 g
+ z =
P v 2
+
g
2g
+ z = W F
= Ws lw
. . . . . . . .(14)
Ws
lw
mg mg
. . . . . . . .(15)
. . . . . . . .(16)
Bernoulli
P1
+ z1 +
g
V12
2g
F - W=
P2
g
= pressure head, m
= potensial head, m
v2
2g
= velocity head, m
= friction head, m
57
z1
V22
2g
Contoh soal
A
PA
g
4m
+ ZA
V2A
2g
F W =
pB
V2B
+ ZB +
2g
g
D = 2 cm
Q
B Pa =Pb =P luar
F diabaikan 0
V2B
= Z A VB
2g
(2g.Z A )
(2.10.4) = 4
=
Q = A.V =
D 2
cm 2
(2
x 4 5
x 4 5
5 m detik
m detik x 100 cm m
4
x 100
4
cm 3 detik
tenaga
berat fluida
= panjang
tenaga gesekan
massa fluida
atau
F =
58
lw
g
lw = f ( , , V, L, D, )
= kekasaran pipa
Penjabaran teoritis sulit
dapat
dinyatakan
hubungan
antar
kelompok
(pendekatan empiris)
cara (ATK)
2 L3 D
M L 2 . L
= K ML3
M
L2 -2
=M
1+ 2
-3
2 5=2
1 1 2
1+ 2=0 2= 1
-3 1 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6
=2
5=2 + 1
31+ 1+ 3+ 4+ 5 + 6=2
Lw = k
L3 D
1 3 6
59
V 2+
-2 5
1
( VD
lw = k
lw
V2
K,
= k
1,
3,
L 3
D
6
D
)V 2
(VD )1 (L )3 ( )6
VD L
, ,
D D
B. FANNING / DARCHY
Kalau pipa cukup panjang, lw berbanding lurus dengan L.
LV 2
lw =
D
VD
1 6
D
L
= k
D
lw
V2
VD
= faktor friksi = f
F =
Energi gesekan
Berat fluida
F =
f LV 2
2gD
Data f fungsi ( Re ,
VD
,
=
LV 2
2gD
berlaku umum
D
f
VD
60
Re
= < 2100
laminer
tidak berpengaruh
D
f = 64 / Re
Re
kritis
Re
= 10.000<
Turbulen
61
Rumus : F =
f D LeV 2
2gD
Contoh soal :
A
7m
= 1 g/cm3
= 0,01 g/cmdet
B
Le
= 200 m
Dp
= 4 cm
Commercial steel
62
Q=?
AB
PA
g
+ ZA
V2A
2g
F W =
ZA F =
PB
g
+ ZB
F
F pipa =
f D Le V 2 B
2g Dp
V2B
2g
V2B
2g
F tangki =
ZA =
f D Le t V 2 A
2g D t
f D Le p V 2 B
2g D p
V2B
2g
V 2 B f D Le V 2 B
+
...............................(1)
2g
2g Dp
= f (Re) .....................................................(2)
ZA =
fD
Re =
VB Dp
...................................................(3)
Re
3
fD
63
VB
0k
Cara lain
ZA = 7?
Re
VB
fD
VB
0k
not 0k
Dengan grafik
VB
Re
FD
ZA
Q =
2
D VB
4
F =
D1
D2
Re =
V De
De
= diameter efektif
= f (Re)
2
D
4
(circular pipe)
64
A =
De 2
4
De =
=DL
(circular)
= De L
( non circular)
Kel x L
= De L
De =
Kell
Kell
2
D
4
=D
A
=
Kell
4 D2
D
D =
4A
Kell
Non circular
A =
Kell
De 2
4
= De
A
=
Kell
4 De 2
De
De =
4A
Kell
Kell
He
65
1.
De =
4A
=
Kell
4 x ab
2 (a + b)
2 ab
a+b
2. Annulus
De
4A
=
Kell
4 4D 2
D 2
4D 1
+ D 1
66
D 2 D1