HEAT
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IV. The statements given below are incorrect. Write the correct
statements.
1. The heat coming from the sun travels by convection.
Ans. The heat coming from the sun travels by radiation.
2. More is the heating, less is the expansion of solids.
Ans. More is the heating, more is the expansion of solids.
3. Thermal expansion is always a nuisance.
Ans. Thermal expansion is not always a nuisance.
4. We can hold a metal rod for a longer time than a glass rod when
both the rods are heated.
Ans. We can hold a glass rod for a longer time than a metal rod when
both the rods are heated.
5. Iron is a better conductor of heat than copper.
Ans. Copper is a better conductor of heat than iron.
6. Air conducts heat.
Ans. Air does not conduct heat.
7. People prefer wearing black clothes in summer.
Ans. People prefer wearing white clothes in summer.
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Conduction
(i) Conduction is the transfer of
heat from one particle to
another particle without the
actual movement of the
particle.
(ii) Transfer of heat by
conduction occurs in solids.
Convection
Convection is the transfer of
heat by the actual movement
of molecules from one part to
another.
Transfer of heat by convection
occurs in liquids and gases.
Conductors of heat
(i) The substances through
which heat conducts
smoothly are called
conductors of heat.
(ii) All metals like gold, silver,
copper, etc. conducts heat
(iii) Heat conductors are used to
made kitchen utensils.
Insulators
The substances which do not
conduct heat are called bad
conductors of heat or
insulators.
Wood, paper, plastic, wool,
etc. do not conduct heat, so
they are insulators.
Insulators are used to made
handle of kettles, teapots etc.
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14. Heat from the sun heats up earth, but the air in the atmosphere does
not get heated up.
Ans. Heat is transferred from the sun to earth without heating the air in
between. This process of transfer of heat is called radiation where
the medium in which the heat travels does not play any role.
15. Water should not used to put off electrical fires.
Ans. Convection is the mode of heat transfer in liquids, taking place by
the actual movement of molecules. So, we should not use water to
put off electrical fires. Impure water is a conductor of electricity.
IX. Answer these questions.
1. List three effects of heat on an object.
Ans. When we heat an object then it has following effects:
(i) It becomes hot, it means, there is rise in temperature.
(ii) It expand in size.
(iii) It changes its state such as water boils to form water vapour.
2. Name the three modes of transmissions of heat energy.
Ans. Heat can be transferred in the following ways:
(i) Conduction
(ii) Convection (iii) Radiation
3. Name four good conductors and four bad conductors of heat.
Ans. Copper, silver, gold and iron are good conductors of heat.
Wood, paper, cork and plastic are bad conductors of heat.
4. Give three practical uses of good conductors.
Ans. Practical uses of good conductors:
(i) Cooking vessels are made of metals so that they can readily
absorb heat energy and transfer it to food.
(ii) Mercury is used in thermometer because it is good conductor
of heat.
(iii) Cooling coils of air-conditioners and refrigerators are made of
copper as they readily conduct away heat.
5. What is a thermometer?
Ans. Thermometer is a device which is used to measure the temperature
of a body or environment. Thermometer is made of a glass tube
having a fine bore. There is a glass tube bulb at one end of the tube
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and other end is open. The bulb is filled with mercury and open end
of the tube is sealed. The upper and lower fixed points are marked
on the thermometer and the distance between these marks is divided
into 100 equal parts.
6. Give four reasons for using mercury in a thermometer.
Ans. Mercury is used as a thermometric liquid because of the following
reasons:
(i) It has a lower freezing point (39 C) and a high boiling point
(35 C). Hence it can be used over a wide range of temperature.
(ii) It is shiny liquid metal, hence can be easily seen through the
glass of the thermometer tube.
(iii) It has a fairly large expansion for a small change in temperature.
(iv) It does not stick to the glass tube.
7. What are standard points?
Ans. On the celsius thermometer, the lowest marking is 0 C and highest
marking is 100 C. 0 C corresponds to the temperature of melting
of ice and 100 C corresponds to the boiling temperature of pure
water. These temperatures are called standard points or fixed points
of a thermometer.
8. What is bimetallic strip?
Ans. Plates of two different metals which are riveted together at a number
of points in such a way that they cannot slide on being heateed or
cooled, form a bimetallic strip. It is used in refrigerators, automatic
electric iron etc.
9. Give one example of each mode of transference of heat.
Ans. (i) Conduction. It is the process of transfer of heat in solids from
one particle to another without the actual movements of the particle.
For example, transfer of heat from one end to another end in an iron
or copper rods.
(ii) Convection. It is the mode of heat transfer in liquid and gases
taking place by the actual movement of molecules from one part to
another. For example, chimneys are fitted in the industries to remove
undesirable fumes. The smoke, fumes, hot gases are less dense
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17. What do you understand by the term (a) radiation and (b) radiant
heat?
Ans. The heat energy comes from the sun over a large distance between
the sun and the earth. There is the third mode of transference of heat
energy where the intervening medium does not play any part. This
mode of transference of heat is called radiations and the heat energy
transmitted by the process of radiations is called radiant heat.
18. Why is radiator of motor car painted black?
Ans. Black colour is good absorber of heat and also good radiators of
radiant heat. Radiators of motor car painted black because it absorb
heat energy from the engine and also radiate it quickly and cool off
the engine.
19. Water is a bad conductor of heat but we heat water without any
difficulty. How is it possible?
Ans. Water is a bad conductor of heat but we heat it without any difficulty
by process of heat transfer called convection.
Convection is the mode of heat transfer in liquids and gases taking
place by the actual movement of molecules from one part to another.
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